• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2010

Optimal nutrition serves to maintain normal organ function and to preserve body energy stores to guarantee survival during times of shortage of food. Adequate nutrition of intensive care unit (ICU) patients improves outcome, while malnutrition is strongly associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates among critically ill patients. Previously published researches showed that trials of nutritional support in critical illness rarely fulfill basic quality requirements. Nutrition support plays a vital role in the prevention and treatment of nutritional deficiencies in at-risk, critically ill patients. This paper reviewed the challenges in determining critically ill patients' nutrition requirements including nutrition assessment, determination of caloric requirements then providing them with adequate nutrition support while in the ICU with the guidelines published by Society of Critical Care Medicine and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Nutrition support can be effectively enhanced by using the guidelines.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.415-422
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• 1996

This study was conducted to evaluate the necessity of clinical nutrition education in the medical school curriculum. One hundred and eighty five medical school students, residents, nurses, and forty undergraduate students majoring in food science and nutrition were involved in this study. The survey included questions about nutritional knowledge, necessity of nutrition counseling, necessity of clinical nutrition and nutritional attitudes. The nutritional knowledge scores of the subjects in medical school and residents were significantly lower than those of the students majoring in food science and nutrition. Subjects of 91.3% strongly agreed to the necessity of nutrition counseling for patients ; 78.9% agreed that the present nutrition education in medical schools was inadequate. Most subjects (94.1%) agreed that clinical nutrition was an important field in the treatment of diseases. The medical profession is facing the challenges of the 1990s with the shift to outpatient care and preventative services. Clinical nutrition is an essential element in the process of curriculum change. The nutrition educator will be expected to take a leading role in integrating clinical nutrition into medical school curriculum.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.779-784
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• 2006

Several studies about hospital malnutrition have been reported that about more than 40% of hospitalized patients are having nutritional risk factors and hospital malnutrition presents a high prevalence. People in a more severe nutritional status ended up with a longer length of hospital stay and higher hospital cost. Nutrition screening tools identify individuals who are malnourished or at risk of becoming malnourished and who may benefit from nutritional support. For the early detection and treatment of malnourished hospital patients , few valid screening instruments fur Koreans exist. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a simple, reliable and valid malnutrition screening tool that could be used at hospital admission to identify adult patients at risk of malnutrition using medical electrical record data. Two hundred and one patients of the university affiliated medical center were assessed on nutritional status and classified as well nourished, moderately or severely malnourished by a Patient-Generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) being chosen as the 'gold standard' for defining malnutrition. The combination of nutrition screening questions with the highest sensitivity and specificity at prediction PG-SGA was termed the nutrition screening index (NSI). Odd ratio, and binary logistic regression were used to predict the best nutritional status predictors. Based on regression coefficient score, albumin less than 3.5 g/dl, body mass index (BMI) less than $18.5kg/m^2$, total lymphocyte count less than 900 and age over 65 were determined as the best set of NSI. By using best nutritional predictors receiver operating characteristic curve with the area under the curve, sensitivity and 1-specificity were analyzed to determine the best optimal cut-off point to decide normal or abnormal in nutritional status. Therefore simple and beneficial NSI was developed for identifying patients with severe malnutrition. Using NSI, nutritional information of the severe malnutrition patient should be shared with physicians and they should be cared for by clinical dietitians to improve their nutritional status.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.56-66
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• 2022

Purpose: Nutritional problems after gastrectomy affect continuation of postoperative chemotherapy. There have been no studies limited to total gastrectomy, which is particularly prone to nutritional problems. In this study, we aimed to investigate the factors that predict the continuation of postoperative chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: We included 101 patients who underwent curative total gastrectomy and postoperative chemotherapy at Hiroshima Memorial Hospital. The effects of 37 factors, including perioperative inflammatory, nutritional, and tumor status, on the persistence of postoperative chemotherapy were analyzed. Results: In univariate analysis of preoperative factors, age, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, platelet-to-neutrophil ratio, Onodera's prognostic nutritional index (PNI), controlling nutritional status score, and nutritional risk screening (NRS-2002) score were significantly associated with the duration of postoperative chemotherapy. In multivariate analysis of preoperative factors, age (≥74 years) was an independent factor for a shorter duration of postoperative chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 5.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.19-12.96; P<0.01). In univariate analysis of factors before postoperative chemotherapy, intraoperative blood loss, perioperative weight loss rate, postoperative performance status, PNI, albumin-to-bilirubin index, and NRS-2002 score were significantly associated with the duration of postoperative chemotherapy. In multivariate analysis of factors before postoperative therapy, age (≥74 years) (HR, 5.75; 95% CI, 1.90-19.49; P<0.01) and PNI (<39) (HR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.26-8.56; P=0.02) were independent factors for a shorter duration of postoperative chemotherapy. Conclusions: Age and PNI are useful predictors of postoperative chemotherapy intolerance after total gastrectomy and may determine the treatment strategy and timing of chemotherapy initiation.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.55-72
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• 2017

The second article of 'Effects of heat treatment on the nutritional quality of milk,' titled 'Destruction of microorganisms in milk by heat treatment' and authored by Dr. Seong Kwan Cha, who worked at the Korea Food Research Institute, covers the heat-stable microorganisms that exist in milk after pasteurization. The article focusses on the microbiological quality of raw milk and market milk following heat treatment, and is divided into four sub-topics: microbiological quality of raw milk, survey and measurement of microorganisms killed in raw milk, effect on psychrophilic and mesophilic microorganisms, and effect of heat treatment methods on thermoduric microorganisms. Bacillus spp. and Clostridium spp. are sporeforming gram-positive organisms commonly found in soil, vegetables, grains, and raw and pasteurized milk that can survive most food processing methods. Since spores cannot be inactivated by LTLT (low temperature long time) or HTST (high temperature short time) milk pasteurization methods, they are often responsible for food poisoning. However, UHT (ultra high temperature) processing completely kills the spores in raw milk by heating it to temperatures above $130^{\circ}C$ for a few seconds, and thus, the UHT method is popularly used for milk processing worldwide.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, involves chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Previously, Sasa quelpaertensis leaves have been shown to mediate anti-inflammation and anti-cancer effects, although it remains unclear whether Sasa leaves are able to attenuate inflammation-related intestinal diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Sasa quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) using an in vitro co-culture model of the intestinal epithelial environment. MATERIALS/METHODS: An in vitro co-culture system was established that consisted of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages. Treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce inflammation. RESULTS: Treatment with SQE significantly suppressed the secretion of LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), IL-6, and IL-$1{\beta}$ in co-cultured RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ were down-regulated in response to inhibition of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ phosphorylation by SQE. Compared with two bioactive compounds that have previously been identified in SQE, tricin and P-coumaric acid, SQE exhibited the most effective anti-inflammatory properties. CONCLUSIONS: SQE exhibited intestinal anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting various inflammatory mediators mediated through nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-kB) activation. Thus, SQE has the potential to ameliorate inflammation-related diseases, including IBD, by limiting excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2018

BACKGROUD/OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin C on inflammation, tumor development, and dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammation-associated early colon cancer mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with AOM [10 mg/kg body weight (b.w)] and given two 7-d cycles of 2% DSS drinking water with a 14 d inter-cycle interval. Vitamin C (60 mg/kg b.w. and 120 mg/kg b.w.) was supplemented by gavage for 5 weeks starting 2 d after the AOM injection. RESULTS: The vitamin C treatment suppressed inflammatory morbidity, as reflected by disease activity index (DAI) in recovery phase and inhibited shortening of the colon, and reduced histological damage. In addition, vitamin C supplementation suppressed mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, including cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, Interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, and IL-6, and reduced expression of the proliferation marker, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, compared to observations of AOM/DSS animals. Although the microbial composition did not differ significantly between the groups, administration of vitamin C improved the level of inflammation-related Lactococcus and JQ084893 to control levels. CONCLUSION: Vitamin C treatment provided moderate suppression of inflammation, proliferation, and certain inflammation-related dysbiosis in a murine model of colitis associated-early colon cancer. These findings support that vitamin C supplementation can benefit colonic health. Long-term clinical studies with various doses of vitamin C are warranted.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.215-223
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of diets supplemented with different levels (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%) of yuza (Citrus junas Sieb ex Tanaka) on nutritional composition of olive flounder. Four groups of fish (242.2$\pm$14.2 g) were fed to apparent satiation twice daily for 4 months. There were no significant differences in proximate composition among the treatment groups (P<0.05). Vitamin C content in flounder muscle was higher in the yuza-added groups than in the control group, and the content among the treatment groups increased as amount of yuza added to diets increased (P<0.05). Of the eight organic acids in flounder muscle, lactic acid was predominant, followed by oxalic acid, succinic-acid, tartaric acid, and acetic acid. Flounders fed 2.5% yuza diet had the highest lactic acid content of all treatments. Four sugars were found in all groups and glucose was the major sugar. Glucose and ribose were detected as the highest sugars in the 2.5% treatment, while maltose and galactose were the dominant sugars in the 5.0% treatment. The abundant fatty acids in fed flounders were 22:6n-3 (DHA), 16:0, and l8:1n-9, which were composed of over 60% of total fatty acids. The control and the 7.5% treatment group had higher 22:6n-3 (DHA) content than the other groups. Major amino acids in samples were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, leucine, valine, arginine, and alanine. The 2.5% yuza treatment had the highest content of total amino acids and essential amino acids. There were little differences in the free amino acid compositions among the treatments. However, taurine was the predominant amino acid and made up over 47% of total free amino acids. The 2.5% added yuza group contained higher amount of sweet amino acids such as alanine, serine, proline, glycine than the other groups. The addition of yuza to diet of olive flounder had no or little effect on the nutritional components of olive flounder except for vitamin C. However, the 2.5% yuza added group had the highest nutritional values of the treatment groups.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.106-106
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• 2000

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2014

Metabolomics is the study of changes in the metabolic status of an organism as a consequence of drug treatment, environmental influences, nutrition, lifestyle, genetic variations, toxic exposure, disease, stress, etc, through global or comprehensive identification and quantification of every single metabolite in a biological system. Since most chronic diseases have been demonstrated to be linked to nutrition, nutritional metabolomics has great potential for improving our understanding of the relationship between disease and nutritional status, nutrient, or diet intake by exploring the metabolic effects of a specific food challenge in a more global manner, and improving individual health. In particular, metabolite profiling of biofluids, such as blood, urine, or feces, together with multivariate statistical analysis provides an effective strategy for monitoring human metabolic responses to dietary interventions and lifestyle habits. Therefore, studies of nutritional metabolomics have recently been performed to investigate nutrition-related metabolic pathways and biomarkers, along with their interactions with several diseases, based on animal-, individual-, and population-based criteria with the goal of achieving personalized health care in the future. This article introduces analytical technologies and their application to determination of nutritional phenotypes and nutrition-related diseases in nutritional metabolomics.