• Title/Summary/Keyword: nutritional survey

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A Survey on Added Sugar Intakes from Snacks and Participation Behaviors of Special Event Days Sharing Sweet Foods among Adolescents in Korea (청소년의 간식을 통한 첨가당섭취량 및 고당류식품 관련 이벤트 데이 참여행동에 대한 조사)

  • Kim, Hyun-Ju;Kim, Sun-Hyo
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.135-145
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    • 2009
  • This study was performed to investigate added sugar intakes from processed food-snacks and participation behaviors of special event days sharing sweet foods among adolescents in Korea. Questionnaire survey (n = 959), dietary survey (n = 71) by food record method for 3 days, and snack survey (n = 230) for 3 days were carried out, and subjects were overlapped among three surveys. As a result, middle school students (MS) preferred milks and fermented milks while high school students (HS) preferred breads and fast foods as a snack (p < 0.01). MS and HS took snacks three to six times a week, and HS took snacks more frequently than MS (p < 0.05). Most subjects participated in special event days sharing sweet foods such as friend's birthday (68.4%), Peppro's day (61.5%) and Valentine's day (42.6%). As for merits of these events, MS said ‘they could get along with their friends' and ‘relieve stress', while HS said ‘they could enjoy their own events' and ‘confess their affection to whom they like' (p < 0.01). A group of cookies, biscuits, breads and, cakes was major source of added sugars followed by beverages, sweet jellies of red bean, chocolates and candies for subjects. For MS and HS, daily total added sugar intakes from whole processed food-snacks were $30.5{\pm}23.5g/d$ (3.0-137.9 g/d) and $31.7{\pm}23.2g/d$ (1.2-126.1 g/d), and ratios of daily total energy taken from added sugars of whole processed food-snacks in proportion to daily total energy taken from diet (energy percent of added sugars from snacks) were $6.3{\pm}4.7%$ (0.6-26.1%) and $6.3{\pm}4.4%$ (0.3-23.9%), respectively. These results showed that subjects frequently participated in special event days sharing sweet foods. In addition, energy percent of added sugars from snacks was more than the UL suggested by WHO/FAO for some subjects. Therefore, it is highly critical to monitor adolescents' sugar intakes on a long-term basis and to take nutritional management on their high sugar intakes.

A Survey of the Status of Nutrition in Rural Korea (농촌(農村) 영양실태(營養實態)에 관(關)한 조사(調査))

  • Lee, Geum-Yeong;Suh, Myung-Sook
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.71-76
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    • 1973
  • 1. This survey is somewhat different from that conducted by Yonsei University, although being in many respects, very similar. We found the average per capita caloric intake to be 7 or 8% of what it should be. Of that caloric intake, 84.5% in the model village here and 82.2% in the compared village Bupyong, by and large depends on cereal grains. Since such grains tend to distend the stomach, the farmers, it seems,should substitute fat for a part of their diet so as to dimish digestive pain and still receive the necessary calories. 2. Protein is the most important nutrient for the development of physical strength and improvement of health, but the average daily intake is only 68.3% of the necessary amount. It is desirable that the ratio of vegetable protein to that of animal be one to three for maintaining one's health. Most of the villager's protein, however, comes from plants: the intake of animal protein, at a level of only 13.6 g, is far below such a one to three ratio. 3. In the model village, 497.6 mg, of inorganic calcium is the daily intake level. In the compared village it is 505.5 mg, making a difference of only 8mg. This, however, is 35% less than the recommended intake. More than 50% of this calcium comes from cereals and other plants. Moreover, plant calcium which has much oxakuc acud us not as nutritional as animal calcium, so their calcium diet is less than it would appear. We must, therefore, make efforts to receive as good nutritional calcium as possible. 4. Among the vitamin group, the daily average intake of vitamin A and vitamin $B_{2}$ are respectively 40% and 32% less than the desired intake, while vitamin $B_{1}$ happens to be taken in sufficient quantities and more niacin is taken than which is even necessary. The intake of vitamin C is much more than the necessary quantity. However, this figure was calculated from uncooked food; if the loss from cooking were to be considered, the real intake might well be a little less. Also, as this survey was carried out in May, some of these results were influenced by the fact that lettuce and spinach are seasonally popular. In conclusion, except for a few nutrients which are in abundance, the normal food intake in a day is, on the whole, less than the average recommended. Furthermore despite the fact that both of these places are model villages in the development of nutrition, it seems that they have not gotten out of such conventional eating habiys as the almost dependancy on cereal grains. Cow's milk, sheep's milk, eggs and so on produced by each farmhouse are not used for their own families but are taken to the market for the purpose of making money. Accordingly, I think from now we must seek to improve, guide and enlighten the farmers as to how to correct their eating habits and implement changes in their lives so that our firm purpose may be achieved.

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A Study on the Nutrients Intake and Physical Growth and Development of Junior High School Girls in Cheju Is. Area (제주지역(濟州地域) 여중학생(女中學生)의 영양실태(營養實態)와 성장발육(成長發育)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Hong, Yang-Ja
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.15-26
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    • 1975
  • The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nutrients intake situation and the physical growth and development of junior high school girls in cheju island, the peculiar area in Korea, and to study every possible correlation ketween daily food intake and growth rate of them. Further, it made an attempt to research nutrition problems for them in this area and assist in their growth and development through proper nutritional marragement. The survey was conducted in seven sample schods selected randomly from all three districts -this is Bukcheju-gun, Namcheju-gun and cheju city-of cheju Island. Four hundred eighteen girls, aged thirteen years ald, in second year grade of junior high schools, were provided with prepared questionnaires. For six days, July $16{\sim}21$ in 1975, the respondents filled out the questionnaires. They were asked to keep record of what they ate each meat. Their mitrients intake were analyzed in accordance with their daily food intake records during a six day period. On the other side, including physical growth index calculated by means of weight and hight of the respondents, their school records were also investigated. Critical Ratio as well as percentage calculation were included for statistical analysis. The findings and results abtained are summarized as follows: (1) Living circumstance a) Average numbers of brother and sister in sampled pupils' family were five. b) Niety percent of the respondents were brought up by mother's milk at their infants and 45 percent of them were weaned at the age of 13 to 24 months. c) Fourty-six percent of them revealed irregulity in their meal time. d) The most favorite main dish was boiled rice mixed other cereals (34%), next bread (31%) and boiled noodle (26%), and kimchi was the most papular side dish (64%). (2) Nutrition survey a) The average calorie intake of a pupil per day was 1,783 cal. and the total calorie intake was composed of carbohydrate 73%, pratein 15%, fat 12% respectively. b) Carolie and nutrients were lower than the recommended level, except vitamins A,$B_1$ and Niacin, c) Average protein intake per day was 68g, which was relatively near to the recommended level, but in fact, most of them came from grain which is lacking in essential amino acids. The ratio of animal protein intake to tatal protein intake was 36%. d) Their average animal food intake was proportionated in 14% in their total food intake and the cereals consumed in the largest quantity at the level of 63% out of whole food groups. (3) The results of statistical analysis a) The correlation between the calorie intake and the physical growth index revealed statistical significancy at the level of P<.005. b) The correlation between the protein intake and the physical growth index revealed statistical significancy at the level of .01

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On-site Output Survey and Feed Value Evaluation on Agro- industrial By-products (농산업부산물들에 대한 배출 현장 조사 및 사료적 가치 평가)

  • Kwak, W. S.;Yoon, J. S.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.251-264
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    • 2003
  • This study was conducted to make on-site survey on the output pattern and utilization situation of 19 by-products selected, to evaluate their nutritional characteristics, to find out a reliable index with which digestion of by-products can be predicted on the basis of chemical compositions analyzed and to diagnose the risk of using book values in the absence of the actual values analyzed for diet formulation. Production and utilization situations of by-products were quite various. Nutritionally, fruit processing by-products such as apple pomace (AP), pear pomace (PP), grape pomace (GP), and persimmon peel (PSP), and bakery by-products (BB) were classified as energy feeds. Soybean curd meal (SCM), animal by- products such as blood (BD), feather meal (FM) and poultry by-products (PB), and activated milk processing sludge (AMS) were classified as protein feeds. Soy hulls (SH), spent mushroom compost (SMC), barley malt hulls (BMH), waste paper (WP) and broiler litter (BL) were classified as roughage. Rumen contents (RC) and restaurant food waste (FW) were nutritionally analogous to complete diets for cattle and swine, respectively. Compared to soybean meal (SBM), BD and FM contained high (P<0.05) levels of amino acids and barley malt sprouts (BMS), AMS and FW contained low (P<0.05) levels of amino acids. Enzymatic (pepsin) digestibilities of proteinaceous feeds ranged between 99 and 66%. In vitro DM digestibility was high (P<0.05) in the order of FW, BB, AP, SH, PP, PSP, BMH, BMS, SCM, GP, RC, PB, BL, WP, SMC, AMS, FM and BD. In vitro DM digestibility had the highest correlation (r=0.68) with nonfibrous carbohydrate among chemical components. Differences between analyzed values of chemical components and book values were considerable. Caution is required in using book values when large amount of by-products are used in diets.

Health status of children in low socioeconomic conditions (공부방을 이용하는 저소득층 소아들의 건강상태에 대한 조사)

  • Choi, Hee Kyoung;Her, Jeong A;Jang, Seong Hee;Kim, Dal Hyun;Yoon, Kyoung Lim;Ahn, Young Min
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.49 no.1
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    • pp.24-28
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    • 2006
  • Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the health status and nutritional condition of children living in a low-income community through anthropometric, laboratory evaluation. Methods : A community-based survey identified children below 15 years living in a low-income community. Their weight, height, visual acuity, hearing level and dental status were measured. Blood sample were obtained on June and July, 2004. Hemoglobin, serum cholesterol, Hepatitis B antigen/antibody, AST and ALT were measured. Results : A total of 285 students(M : F=141 : 144) aged 6 to 14 years were included in this study. The heights and weights in some grades were smaller than controls. The prevalence of obesity was 10.6 percent in males and 10.7 percent in females. The prevalence of abnormal visual acuity, hearing impairments and dental carries were 20.5 percent, 0.3 percent and 69.4 percent. The prevalence of anemia was 10.1 percent. Serum total cholesterol was over 200 mg/dL in 7 percent. They complained of abdominal pain(22.1 percent) and headache(17.1 percent). Hyperthyroidism, cataract, neurofibromatosis, severe atopic dermatitis, ventricular septal defect, strabismus and inguinal hernia were newly diagnosed. Conclusion : Mean heights and weights of children in the low-income community were smaller than controls. The prevalence of abnormal visual acuity, hearing impairment and dental carries were higher than in the 2003 national health survey. Additional research is needed to evaluate the health status of the low-income community.

Evaluation of nutrient and food intake status, and dietary quality in Korean female adults according to obesity : Based on 2007-2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (성인 여성에서 비만 여부에 따른 식사섭취상태 및 식사의 질 평가 : 2007-2009 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여)

  • Bae, Yun-Jung
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.140-149
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intake and diet quality of obese women to those of non-obese women, and to investigate the relationship between diet quality and obesity index in females. We analyzed data from the combined 2007-2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). In this study, according to their BMI (above $25kg/m^2$), we classified the subjects into the obese group (n = 724) and non-obese control group (n = 2,841). Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), the number of foods (Dietary Variety Score, DVS), and food groups consumed (Dietary Diversity Score, DDS) were analyzed by using the data from the 24-recall method. The average energy intake of both the obese and control group were 1634.94 kcal and 1,707.81 kcal, respectively (p = 0.0199). The obese group consumed significantly lower quantities of calcium per 1,000 kcal compared to the control group (p = 0.0261). With regards to diet quality, calcium NAR in the obese group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p = 0.0158). MAR values for the obese and the control group was 0.79 and 0.80, respectively and revealed no statistical difference. The obese group showed a significantly lower consumption of milk compared to the control group (p = 0.0162). The average DVS of the obese and control group was 28.63 and 30.41, respectively and revealed a statistical significance (p = 0.0003). DDS in the obese group (3.686) was significantly lower than that of the control group (3.769)(p = 0.0253). DVS showed considerable negative relationships with BMI or waist circumference after it was adjusted for potential confounding factors. In conclusion, obese women had lower calcium intake quality, milk consumption, DVS and DDS than those of the control group. In Korean females, food intake variety did adversely affect obesity index. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding.

Evaluation of Dietary Intake of Korean School-aged Children from Low-income Families by Comparing with the Korean Food Guide: Analysis of the Data from the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey (식사구성안을 이용한 저소득층 학령기 어린이의 식생활 평가: 2001년 국민건강.영양조사 자료 분석)

  • Shim, Jae-Eun;Yoon, Ji-Hyun;Lee, Ki-Won;Kwon, Soo-Youn
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.42 no.8
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    • pp.691-701
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    • 2009
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the dietary quality of school-aged children from low-income families in comparison with those from higher income families. The socio-demographic and anthropometric data and one day 24-hour recall dietary intake data of 1,782 school-aged children were used for analysis from the data of 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey. The children whose family had monthly household income 120% or lower than the 2001 Minimum Cost of Living were classified into Low Income Group (LIG), and the others were classified into Higher Income Group (HIG). The consumption levels of the food groups of the Korean Food Guide as well as the general nutritional status based on their weight and height, energy and nutrient intake were compared between LIG and HIG in elementary (n = 989), middle (n = 432), and high (n = 361) school-aged children, respectively. LIG tended to have lower weight, height, and BMI than HIG, but the difference was significant only in the weight and the BMI of the middle school-aged children. The energy intake of LIG didn't differ from that of HIG, but LIG consumed a higher percentage of energy from carbohydrate and a lower percentage of energy from fat than HIG. Some micronutrient intake was lower in LIG than HIG in case of the elementary and the middle school-aged children. The average numbers of servings of milk dairy products and fruits consumed by LIG were significantly lower than those consumed by HIG in the elementary and the middle school-aged children, and they were less than the respective recommended serving. The average number of servings of meat fish egg beans consumed by LIG was lower than that consumed by HIG in the middle and the high school-aged children, and it was also less than the recommended serving. The results suggested that the diet of children from low-income families should be intervened by strategies different from the other children in order to improve the consumption level of milk dairy products, fruits, and meat fish egg beans.

A Study of Food Attitudes at the Community Level (지역집단(地域集團)의 식품태도(食品態度)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, In-Sun;Tchai, Bum-Suk
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.76-83
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    • 1976
  • The aims of this study are, 1) to describe the attitudes of the community towards each food item and 2) to provide the information necessary for the solution of nutritional problems due to the different food intake of the community. This study is based on the Food Consumption Survey conducted by the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs in a series of National Nutrition Survey in August, 1973. The sample included 8 communities, in which 160 households were selected at random for this study. The procedures and methods used in this study to compute the acceptability index were adopted from the study of H. Toyokawa, University of Tokyo. Food attitudes of the sample communities are clear in terms of the mean acceptability index which is presented in Table 3. The following order is indicative of the relative strength of acceptability of the respective food items: 1. Seasonings (-1.20) 2. Oils and fats (-1.12) 3. Pulses(- .60) 4. Processed vegetables (- .45) 5. Seaweeds (- .32) 6. Sugars (- .19) 7. Fresh vegetables (- .15) 8. Rice (- .13) 9. Cereals and grain products (- .07) 10. Starchy roots (- .06) 11. Fresh fish and shells (.44) 12. Processed fish and shells (.56) 13. Eggs (1.06) 14. Fruits (1.26) 15. Meats and poultry (1.33) 16. Milk and milk products (2.87) There are highly significant difference in the acceptability index between food items and the mean intake of rice, cereals and grain products, pulses, starchy roots, processed vegetables, fruits, sugars, seaweeds, seasonings, meats and poultry, eggs, fresh and shells, and oils and fats between the communities at the .01 level of significance.

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A Study on nutritional status and dietary quality according to carbonated drink consumption in male adolescents: Based on 2007~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (남자 청소년의 탄산음료 섭취 빈도에 따른 영양소 섭취상태 및 식사의 질 평가: 2007~2009 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여)

  • Bae, Yun-Jung;Yeon, Jee-Young
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.48 no.6
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    • pp.488-495
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate nutrition intake and diet quality according to carbonated drink consumption in male adolescents (middle-school students = 480, high-school students = 417). Methods: We analyzed data from the combined 2007~2009 KNHANES (Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). Subjects were divided into two groups, the LCDI (low carbonated drink intake (< 1 time/week), n = 362) group and the HCDI (high carbonated drink intake (${\geq}1$ time/week), n = 535) group, according to carbonated beverage consumption. Nutrient and food group intake, NAR (nutrient adequacy ratio), and MAR (mean adequacy ratio) were analyzed using data from the 24-recall method. Results: Intake of plant protein, vitamin C, plant calcium, phosphorous, and potassium was significantly lower in the HCDI group, compared with the LCDI group. Percent of RNI (recommended nutrient intake) of vitamin C and phosphorous was significantly lower in the HCDI group, compared with the LCDI group. Percentage of subjects who consumed under EAR (estimated average requirement) of protein and vitamin C was significantly higher in the HCDI group, compared with the LCDI group. The NAR of phosphorous was significantly lower in the HCDI group, compared with the LCDI group. Food intakes from potato and starches, pulses and vegetables were significantly lower in the HCDI group, compared with the LCDI group. Conclusion: Consumption of carbonated drinks decreased the diet quality, including calcium, potassium, protein, and vitamin C. Therefore, nutrition education relating to consumption of carbonated drinks is required for male adolescents in order to maintain healthy dietary habits.

A Nutrition Survey of the Rural Elderly in Hwaseung' Kyeonggi Province (일부농촌지역(一部農材地域) 노인(老人)들의 영양상태(營養狀態)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Seo, Jung-Sook;Lee, Eun-Wha;Mo, Su-Mi
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.7-14
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    • 1982
  • A survey was carried out to determine the nutritional status of rural elderly. Determination was made on 50 persons, aged 60 years and over, in the rural area of Paltan-myeon, Hwaseong-kun, Kyeonggi province from June 1 to August 20, 1980. Grains provided 82$\sim$85% of total energy input most nutrient intake was from vegetable foods. Daily energy intake was not sufficient as 77.2$\sim$89.8% of RDA. The energy input percentage of carbohydrate: fat: protein was 79 : 10 : 11. showing higher dependance on carbohydrate. The protein intake only met 53.7$\sim$65.3% % of RDA. The contribution of animal proteins to total protein was only 12.2$\sim$12.4%, far below the recommended allowance. Both calcium and iron was insufficiently ingested as 40.6$\sim$55.7% and 72.0$\sim$92.0% of RDA, respectively. The intake of vitamin A and ascorbic acid almost reached RDA whereas the intake of thimin, riboflavin and niacin was not sufficient as 63.0$\sim$97.0%, 51.0$\sim$58.5% and 59.1$\sim$83.9% of RDA, respectively. 32% of the subjects were higher blood pressure than 160/95 mmHg proven to be hypertension. The correlation coefficients between clinical sign score, index of appetite, balance of meal and nutrient intake were significant. (P<0.05)

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