• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.298-307
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of the health education on college students. The content of the health education was consisted of significance of health, smoking, alcohol use and sexuality, birth control, exercise and nutrition, chronic illness, contagious disease, stress management. Two groups non-equivalent to pre and post test quasi-experimental research design were used in this study. The total number of subjects were 174 college students who did not have a health related major. The experimental group attended this health education program for 16 weeks and the control group attended other liberal arts and science classes for 16 weeks. Data were analysed with the SPSS window program. The homogeneity between the experimental and the control group pretest data was tested by $X^2$ test and t-test. The differences in stress, self-esteem, general self-efficacy, locus of control and health promoting behaviors after the health education were tested with the repeated measure ANOVA. The results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference in general characteristics, stress, self- esteem, general self-efficacy, locus of control and health promoting behaviors between the two groups before the health education. 2. There was a significant difference in stress(p= .000) and health promoting behavior (p= .000) between the two groups after the health education. 3. There was no significant difference in self-esteem(p= .531), self-efficacy(p= .110) and locus of control between the two groups after the health education. From the results above, it can be concluded that this health education for the college students was effective to relieve stress and improve health promoting behaviors. The above results suggest that repeated studies are needed for another college students and various health education programs should be developed to promote the health of the populace considering many health related concepts.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.361-368
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• 2021

This study was conducted to analyze the effects of smoking and drinking on quality of life in Adults. The content was analyzed for aged 30 years or older using data from the 7th National Health and Nutrition Survey(2017). The total number of subjects of this study was 5,465. Socio-demographic characteristics, health-related variables and EQ-5D index scores were used for the analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS ver.23 program. As a result of the analysis, there were statistically significant differences in smoking status, binge drinking, subjective health status and stress perception with quality of life. In the regression after adjusting the control variables, 'the amount of alcohol consumed at once(β=.106)' was statistically significant. However smoking status and binge drinking were not statistically significant. Therefore, it is necessary to develop Convergence drinking intervention program to improve the quality of life in adults.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.296-301
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• 2023

Background: A supervised physiotherapy program (SPP) is a standard regimen after surgical rotator cuff repair (RCR); however, the effect of a home-based exercise program (HEP), as an alternative, on postoperative functional recovery remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the functional effects of SPP and HEP after RCR. Methods: We searched electronic databases including Central, Medline, and Embase in April 2022. The primary outcomes included the Constant score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, University of California Los Angeles shoulder score, and pain score. Secondary outcomes included range of motion, muscle strength, retear rate, and patient satisfaction rate. A meta-analysis using random-effects models was performed on the pooled results to determine the significance. Results: The initial database search yielded 848 records, five of which met our criteria. Variables at 3 months after surgery were successfully analyzed, including the Constant score (mean difference, -8.51 points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -32.72 to 15.69; P=0.49) and pain score (mean difference, 0.02 cm; 95% CI, -2.29 to 2.33; P=0.99). There were no significant differences between the SPP and HEP. Other variables were not analyzed owing to the lack of data. Conclusions: Our data showed no significant differences between SSP and HEP with regard to the Constant and pain scores at 3 months after RCR. These results suggest that HEP may be an alternative regimen after RCR. Level of evidence: I.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4437-4446
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to development and evaluate the effects of cardiocerebrovascular disease prevention program for taxi drivers on physiological variables(blood pressure, blood sugar, serum lipids) and physical variables(body fat, muscle endurance, cardiopulmonary endurance, balance). This study consisted of two phases: developing the program and evaluating its effectiveness. 1 phase, 321 taxi drivers investigated a health condition and a life habit and an educational need and developed a program with the ground which will reach. 2 phases, The effectiveness of the program was tested in October 2011, with 51 taxi driver. The experimental group was given 12 weeks period exercise 1 weeks 3 time, disease education 4 time, 2 nutrition consultations. Although there was no significant reduction in blood pressure, heart rate, blood sugar, serum lipids, there were statistically significant increases in muscle endurance (t=-7.62 p<.001), cardiopulmonary endurance (t=-3.39, p<.001), balance(t=-4.13, p<.001) and decreased body fat (t= -3.11, p<.015) in before compared to after. These findings suggest that an integrated cardiocerebro-vascular disease prevention program improves physical fitness.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.127-147
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing health promoting behavior and satisfaction of life in female undergraduate students, to provide the basic data for health promoting intervention in order to improve satisfaction of life. The subjects of this study were 345 female undergraduate students living in Jecheon city who were selected by convenience sampling. The data was collected through self-reported questionnaires from Oct. 2 to Dec. 20, 2001. Research instruments used in this study were the health promoting lifestyle profile developed by Walker et al(1987), satisfaction of life developed by Pavot and Diener(1993), perceived health status by Lawston et al(1982), self-esteem by Rosenberg(1965), self-efficacy by Becker et al(1993), health locus of control by Wallston et al(1978). The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/Win program. The results of this study were as follows； 1) The mean score of health promoting behavior was 2.31 point out of 4. Among the sub-levels of health promoting behavior, the order of importance was the following self-actualization(2.76), interpersonal support(2.75), stress management(2.31), nutrition(2.06), health responsibility(1.83), exercise(1.76). The mean score of satisfaction of life was 4.11 point out of 7. 2) The health promoting behavior showed significant positive correlation with perceived health status, self-esteem, self-efficacy, internal health locus of control, powerful others health locus of control. The satisfaction of life showed significant positive correlation with perceived health status, self-esteem, self-efficacy, internal health locus of control, health promoting behavior. 3) In the relationship between general characteristics and health promoting behavior, there was a significant difference in majors(F＝8.50, p＝.000). In the relationship between general characteristics and satisfaction of life were significant differences in a grades(F＝2.67, p＝.04) and economic status of parents(F＝8.59, p＝.000) 4) The most powerful predictor of health promoting behavior was self-efficacy. A combination of self-efficacy, self-esteem and powerful others health locus of control accounted for 34.7% of the variance in health promoting behavior. The most powerful predictor of satisfaction of life was self-esteem. A combination of self-esteem, health promoting behavior, perceived health status, economic status of parents and grade accounted for 34.0% of the variance in satisfaction of life. In conclusion, we need a health promotion program focusing on exercise, health responsibility and nursing strategies enhancing self-efficacy and self-esteem should be developed to promote a healthy lifestyle and satisfaction of life in female college students.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.187-201
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the health status and health promoting behavior of older adults in rural area. The design of research was descriptive study. 883 older adults over sixty years living in the rural area of Pusan city were surveyed from July 9. 1999 to July 20. 1999 through direct interview using a questionnaire and physical examination. The collected data were analyzed for percentage. mean. Chi square-test. ANOVA using the SPSS computerized program. The main results were as follows: 1. 43.4% of subjects lived alone or with only partner. 2. 37.13% of subjects had perceived own health condition as bad. 3. Major 'chronic diseases that the subjects were suffered were diabetes(25.94%) and hypertension(9.11%). 4. The mean score of perceived depression was 17.71 of 44. 5. 87.98% of subjects replied that they had good relationship with their family and friends. 6. 8.57% of subjects were identified as over weight. while 10.85% were low weight. 7. 29.93% of subjects replied that they were smoking. By the group. the rate of smoking of man was significantly higher than women. and lower age group than higher age group, and higher education group than lower education group. 8. 70.38% of subjects didn't practice exercise. By the group, the rate of exercise of woman was significantly lower than man, and higher age group than lower age group, and lower education group than higher education group. 9. 12.33% of subjects replied for the frequency of drinking as more three -times a week. By the groups. man showed significantly more frequency than woman. the lower age group than higher age group, the lower education group than the higher education group. 11. The mean score of nutrition state was 3.73 which means moderate risk state. 12. The 57.53% of subjects replied, their sleeping time as below 7 hours. 13. The 15.75% of subjects had experience a periodical inspection. In conclusion, older adults in rural area were identified having various health risk factor, Looking at the results. It is necessary to develope health promotion program which enhances older adults to practice health promoting behavior and to manage their chronic disease.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.436-445
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• 2008

Stroke is a serious disease despite recent improvements in the medical treatments available. Thirty-six stroke patients were interviewed as case and 36 non-stroke patients were interviewed as controls between February 2005 and August 2005 at Daegu S Medical Center. Information regarding the subjects' food habits was collected using the recall method from 5 years before the onset of stroke. Using interview techniques, we investigated how dietary habits and attitude influence nutrient intake. These results were analyzed by the $X^2$, Student's t-test and Chi-square test using the SPSS 12.0 program. This case-control study was performed to demonstrate the relationships among general quality factors (BMI, WHR, and family history of stroke) and lifestyle factors (smoking, exercise and alcohol drinking). The results were as follows. Analysis of the percentage of nutrient intake in terms of meal pattern showed that WHR was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group. Hypertension and diabetes were the most common preceding diseases associated with the risk of stroke. The frequencies of smoking, alcohol consumption (p<0.001) and exercise (p<0.05) were higher in the cases than in the controls. Thus, the findings of this study are consistent with those of previous studies and suggest that people should be advised to control hypertension, smoking, alcohol drinking and obesity in order to prevent the occurrence of stroke as these factors are major risk factors for stroke.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.335-343
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the food behavior and nutritional status of elementary school students in the Jeju area using Nutrition Quotient (NQ). Methods: The subjects were 440 students (235 boys and 205 girls) in the fifth and sixth grade at four elementary schools located in Jeju. Demographic, lifestyle, and environmental information was collected using a self-reported questionnaire. The food behavior checklist for children's Nutrition Quotient (NQ), consisting of 19 items, and nutrition education related information were also obtained. Results: The mean score of the children's NQ was poor, reaching 60.3 points. The percentage distribution of NQ grade was 19.8% (lowest), 18.6% (low), 45.0% (medium), 10.7% (high), and 5.9% (highest) and the factor scores for balance, diversity, abstinence, regularity, and practice were 56.6, 68.4, 71.3, 57.4, and 54.8 points, respectively. Compared with the NQ cut-off points for defining malnutrition (balance; 57, diversity; 87, abstinence; 66, regularity; 69, and practice; 67 point), average score of abstinence factor was only above the cut-off point and scores of the other factors were below the cut-off point. Subjects with higher NQ scores tended to have higher levels of exercise activity (p < 0.001), frequency of family meals (p < 0.01), and father's educational levels (p < 0.01) compared to those with lower NQ score. NQ score showed positive association with nutrition education experience and practice (p < 0.001). Conclusion: NQ score of elementary school students residing in Jeju was lower than the national average. More opportunities should be provided for participation in nutrition education, which incorporates a range of program strategies, as well as communication and education activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1388-1397
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• 2005

This study has been carried out to obtain information regarding to the food habits including health-related behaviors, the nutrition knowledge and the satisfaction on the dormitory food service. The subjects of this study were 758 college students (580 male and 178 female) residing in the dormitory in Ulsan. The data were obtained through questionnaire and interview, and were analyzed using the SPSS package program. the results of this study are as follows: The average age of the subjects was $20.7\pm2.3$ years old. The average height and weight of male were $175.2\pm5.0\;cm\;and\;69.4\pm9.6\;kg$, respectively. Those of female were $162.6\pm4.1\;cm\;and\;51.8\pm5.9\;kg$, respectively. The BMI value of male was $22.6\pm0.1$ which ranged within normal level, but that of female was $19.6\pm0.2$ which ranged underweight level. In the case of food habits, $26.0\%$ of total subjects always skipped a meal (especially breakfast). The main reasons for skipping meals were no time to eat, no appetite, and weight control. Most of subjects ($69.3\%$) have usually eaten snack after dinner, their most favorite food was noodle (ramen), and the next was pizza. With regard to the health care, there was a significant difference between male and female respect to smoking (p<0.001), drinking (p<0.01) and exercise level (p< 0.001). The mean food habit score of the subjects was $59.9\pm11.1$. Male students had a higher food habit score than female students (male: $60.6\pm10.9$, female: $57.7\pm11.4$), and the group residing longer period had a higher food habit score than the one residing shorter period. Average nutrition knowledge score of subjects was $7.8\pm1.8$. Gender, residing periods, monthly pocket money influenced on the nutrition knowledge score. Female had a higher score than that of male (P<0.001), and the group residing longer period had a higher score than the one residing shorter period (p<0.01), and the group who had more monthly pocket money had a higher score than the one who had less. No significant correlation was found between food habit score and nutrition knowledge score. In the case of dormitory food service, the total subjects showed high satisfaction scores for the sanitation and the atmosphere, while low scores for the menu and the quality of food service. This study may provide basic information on the eating habits and health-related behaviors of college students in dormitory. However, further studies and nutrition counseling are needed to improve food habits and nutrition knowledge.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.477-492
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• 1999

The disease patterns among the Korean was shifted from acute and infectious diseases to chronic diseases. According to the these disease patterns trends, people have concerned about the health promotion and health behaviors. Pender's(1996) revised health promotion model(HPM) is consist of three categories; Individual characteristics and experiences, Behavior-specific cognitions and affect, behavioral outcome. Of these categories, individual characteristics and experiences, this category of variables is considered to be of biological, psychological and socio-cultural personal factors, especially, individual fatigue. Futhermore. these variables constitute a critical core for nursing intervention, as they are subject to modification through nursing actions. But there is no few the research of the relationship between the fatigue and health promotion. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between the fatigue and health promoting life style among a rural college students. Additionally, this descriptive correlational study identified the relation of demographic factors and fatigue, health promoting life style. From June 20 to 26, 1998, a convenience sample of 270 college students completed the questionnaire of the fatigue and health promoting life style profile which were developed by the Yoshitake(1978) and Walker, et al.(1987), respectively. The descriptive correlational statistics, mean, t-test, ANONA, Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data gathered with SAS pc+ program. The results were as it follows: 1. The average fatigue score of the subjects was $64.93{\pm}12.89$. Fatigue scores by subcategory were physical symptoms($23.5{\pm}4.87$). psychological symptoms($22.11{\pm}4.66$) and neuro-sensory symptoms($19.32{\pm}5.14$). With the respect to the demographic characteristics of the subjects, there were statistically significant differences between the demographic factors and fatigue, especially, sex(t==3.69 p<0.01), major(t=-2.89 p<0.01). the experience of family illness(t=2.76 p<0.01). 2. The average health promoting life style item score of the subjects was $2.33{\pm}0.33$. In the subcategories, the highest degree of performance was self-actualization(2.94), following interpersonal support(2.81). stress management(2.33), exercise(2.20), nutrition(2.10), and the lowest degree was health responsibility(1.73). There were the significant differences on the learning of health education(t=2.00 p<0.01). religion(F=3.01, p<0.05), circle activity(t=2.07, p<0.05), nutrition control(t=5.25, p<0.01) of demographical factors with the health promoting life style. 3. The correlation between the fatigue and health promoting life style made statistically no significance(r=-0.09731, p>0.05). But there was negative significant relationship between health promoting life style and psychological symptom as a fatigue subcategory(r=-0.15721, p<0.05). The self-actualization showed negative significant correlation with all fatigue subcategory. The health responsibility showed significant relationship with total fatigue(r=0.13050. p<0.05). For further research, it suggests to replicate the correlational and causal study between the fatigue and the health promoting life style using the another fatigue scale which is able to measure the subjective and objective fatigue degree. And it needs to develop the nursing intervention program for maintaining and promoting the health behavior as well as for decreasing the college students's fatigue.