• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.387-395
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• 1994

The effect of vitamin C on th egramoxone toxicity in the duodenal globlet cells of rats were investigated suing histochemical methods. Rats in control, gramoxone and gramoxone+vitmain C (Vt.C) group, aged 6 to 7 weeks, were fed 18% casein diet. In th egramoxone group, neutral and acid mucins of the globlet cells in villi and crypts of duodenum tended to decrease as compared with the control group. And the globle cells secreting nonsuphated mucins tended to increase in number, being usually accompanied by a decrease of the globlet cells secreting suphated mucins which are prominent in the duodenal mucosa of control group. However, the goblet cells secreting nonsuphated mucins tended to increase in the gramoxone + Vt.C group. Morphological changes of the globlet cells in the gramoxone group were noted vacuolation and demolition of globlet cells, while those changes were not significant in the gramoxone +Vt. C group. It seems to be that Vt. C has alleviating effects on the gramoxone toxicity in secretion and production of the duodenal goblet cells.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.178-184
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• 2022

The objective of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the activity of [10]-gingerol using A2058 human melanoma cells. [10]-Gingerol inhibited the proliferation of A2058 cells by 50% at a concentration of 52 μM. Such inhibition was dose-dependent accompanied by morphological change indicative of apoptosis. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis by Annexin V and PI double staining showed that [10]-gingerol increased the extent of apoptosis. Analysis of the mechanism of these events indicated that [10]-gingerol increased the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, resulting in the activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase in a dose-dependent manner.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.731-738
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• 2016

Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is important for intestinal barrier function and regulation of tight junction (TJ) proteins, but the intracellular mechanisms of action remain undefined. The purpose of this research was to determine the protective effect of GLP-2 mediated TJ and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stressed IPEC-J2 cells and to test the hypothesis that GLP-2 regulate TJ and TER through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in IPEC-J2 cells. Wortmannin and LY294002 are specific inhibitors of PI3K. The results showed that $100{\mu}g/mL$ LPS stress decreased TER and TJ proteins occludin, claudin-1 and zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) mRNA, proteins expressions (p<0.01) respectively. GLP-2 (100 nmol/L) promote TER and TJ proteins occludin, claudin-1, and zo-1 mRNA, proteins expressions in LPS stressed and normal IPEC-J2 cells (p<0.01) respectively. In normal cells, both wortmannin and LY294002, PI3K inhibitors, prevented the mRNA and protein expressions of Akt and mTOR increase induced by GLP-2 (p<0.01) following with the significant decreasing of occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1 mRNA and proteins expressions and TER (p<0.01). In conclusion, these results indicated that GLP-2 can promote TJ's expression and TER in LPS stressed and normal IPEC-J2 cells and GLP-2 could regulate TJ and TER through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.110-122
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• 2022

The reduction of milk yield caused by heat stress in summer is the main condition restricting the economic benefits of dairy farms. To examine the impact of hyperthermia on bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells, we incubated the MAC-T cells at thermal-neutral (37℃, CON group) and hyperthermic (42℃, HS group) temperatures for 6 h. Subsequently, the cell viability and apoptotic rate of MAC-T cells, apoptosis-related genes expression, casein and amino acid transporter genes, and the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins were examined. Compared with the CON group, hyperthermia significantly decreased the cell viability (p < 0.05) and elevated the apoptotic rate (p < 0.05) of MAC-T cells. Moreover, the expression of heat shock protein (HSP)70, HSP90B1, Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 genes was upregulated (p < 0.05). The expression of HSP70 and BAX (pro-apoptotic) proteins was upregulated (p < 0.05) while that of B-cell lymphoma (BCL)2 (antiapoptotic) protein was downregulated (p < 0.05) by hyperthermia. Decreased mRNA expression of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway-related genes, amino acid transporter genes (SLC7A5, SLC38A3, SLC38A2, and SLC38A9), and casein genes (CSNS1, CSN2, and CSN3) was found in the heat stress (HS) group (p < 0.05) in contrast with the CON group. These findings illustrated that hyperthermia promoted cell apoptosis and reduced the transport of amino acids into cells, which inhibited the milk proteins synthesis in MAC-T cells.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.5-11
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• 1977

The mature human braun contains over 10 billion nerve cells (neurons), whose functions are directly related to the acquisition, transfer, processing, analysis, and utilization of all the information. There are also billions of glial cells, which serve primarily to support and to maintain the integrity of the neuron network and to synthesize an essential fatty strucfure, myelin. In the human brain DNA content therefore cell number rises rapidly until birth and then more slowly until $5{\sim}6$ months of age, when it reaches a maximum. While glial cells may be replaced, the more important nerve cell neurons can never be replaced once they are formed. Humans are born with their full complement of neurons and every neuron is as old as each individual. Thus prenatal malnutrition can seriously affect a person's entire life by severely inhibiting the production of neurons before birth.It has been demonstrated that in humans severe malnutrition during the fetal period and in infancy is associated with intellectual impairment. Severely malnourished children have brains smaller than average size and have been found to have $15{\sim}20%$ fewer brain cells than wellnourished childen. There is growing body of literature pointing to malnutrition as a cause of abnormal behavior as evidence that suggests these abnormalities may produce chromosomal damage that may persist forever. Although cognitive development in children is affected by multiple environmental factors, nutrition certainly deaerves more attention than it has received.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Although Angelica keiskei (AK) has widely been utilized for the purpose of general health improvement among Asian, its functionality and mechanism of action. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of ethanol extract of AK (AK-Ex) on acute hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen (AAP) in HepG2 human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cells and HepaRG human hepatic progenitor cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: AK-Ex was prepared HepG2 and HepaRG cells were cultured with various concentrations and 30 mM AAP. The protective effects of AK-Ex against AAP-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 and HepaRG cells were evaluated using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. RESULTS: AK-Ex, when administered prior to AAP, increased cell growth and decreased leakage of LDH in a dose-dependent manner in HepG2 and HepaRG cells against AAP-induced hepatotoxicity. AK-Ex increased the level of Bcl-2 and decreased the levels of Bax, Bok and Bik decreased the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane in HepG2 cells intoxicated with AAP. AK-Ex decreased the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and the activation of caspase-9, -7, and -3. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that AK-Ex downregulates apoptosis via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways against AAP-induced hepatotoxicity. We suggest that AK could be a useful preventive agent against AAP-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.493-499
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• 2007

Celastrus orbiculatus (CO) has been used as a traditional herb medicine to treat fever, chill, joint pain, edema, rheumatoid arthritis and bacterial infection in China and Korea. In this study, we investigated anticarcinogenic effects of Celastrus orbiculatus (CO). CO was extracted with methanol (COM), and then further fractionated into four different types: methanol (COMM), hexane (COMH), butanol (COMB) and aqueous (COMA) partition layers. We determined the cytotoxicity of these four partitions in four kind of cancer cell lines, such as HepG2, MCF-7, HT29 and B16F10 Cells by MTT assay. Among various partition layers of CO, the COMM showed the strongest cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines we used. We also observed quinone reductase (QR) induced effects in all partition layers of CO on HepG2 cells. The QR induced effects of COMM on HepG2 cells at 80 ${\mu}$ g/mL concentration indicated 3.28 to a control value of 1.0. The COMM showed the highest induction activity of quinone reductase on HepG2 cells among the other partition layers. Although further studies are needed, the present work suggests that CO may be a chemopreventive agent for the treatment of human cells.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of diets containing genistein and soy extract on the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells implanted into female Balb/c mice. Four-week-old female athymic nude mice (Balb/c) were acclimated to an AIN-93G control diet for 1 week and then injected MDA-MB-231 cells ($1{\times}10^6$/site) and were continued on the on AIN-93G control diet. Five weeks after injecting the MDA-MB-231 cells ($1{\times}10^6$/site), two experimental groups were assigned to diets containing genistein (750 ${\mu}g/g$ AIN-93G diet) or 0.6% soy extract (containing genistein at 750 ${\mu}g/g$ AIN-93G diet) until they were sacrificed. Tumor growth was significantly reduced in the groups treated with genistein and soy extract compared to the control group. The results of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) assay also revealed that genistein and soy extract treatment reduced the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells in vivo. In the present study, dietary isoflavone was provided just before solid tumor formation, and thus the timing of dietary isoflavone administration may be critical to the suppression of tumor growth.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.343-348
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• 2013

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the development of T cells in intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) piglets at different gestational stages, and tentatively explore the relationship between T cells development and the Notch signaling pathway. A total of 18 crossbred (Landrace${\times}$Large white) primiparous sows were mated at similar weights and estruses and euthanized at d 60, 90 and 110 of gestation with six replicates for each time point. One IUGR and one normal fetus were picked from each litter. The T-cell subsets, mRNA expression of Delta-like1, Delta-like4, Jagged1, and Notch2 genes in the thymus were investigated. Compared to normal piglets, $CD3^+CD4^-CD8^+$ cells in IUGR fetuses at d 90 was 0.13% lower (p<0.05). At d 110 of gestation $CD8^+$ T cells in IUGR fetuses was 0.19% lower (p<0.05). The percentage of $CD8^+$ T cells was 3.14% lower (p<0.05) of the total T cells in IUGR pigs at d 60. The abundance of Notch2 and Delta-like4 mRNA at d 110 was 20.93% higher and 0.77% (p<0.05) lower, and Delta-like1 mRNA at d 90 was 0.19% (p<0.05) higher compared to normal pigs. These results suggested that normal fetuses had a greater proportion of T-cell subsets at earlier gestation periods, and the Notch signaling pathway was likely partially responsible for these differences to some degree.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Bone formation and bone resorption continuously occur in bone tissue to prevent the accumulation of old bone, this being called bone remodeling. Osteoblasts especially play a crucial role in bone formation through the differentiation and proliferation. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of Scytosiphon lomentaria extract (SLE) on osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: A cell proliferation assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, alizarin red staining and protein expression analysis of osteoblastic genes were carried out to assess the osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation. RESULTS: The results indicated that treatment of SLE promoted the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and improved ALP activity. And, SLE treatment significantly promoted mineralized nodule formation compared with control. In addition, cells treated with SLE significantly upregulated protein expression of ALP, type 1 collagen, bone morphogenetic protein 2, runt-related transcription factor 2, osterix, and osteoprotegerin. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that SLE promote differentiation inducement and proliferation of osteoblasts and, therefore may help to elucidate the transcriptional mechanism of bone formation and possibly lead to the development of bone-forming drugs.