• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2016

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between smoking status and depressive symptoms among Korean adults. Methods: We used the data of 17,871 adults aged 19 years or older from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(2010-2012). The subjects were classified as nonsmokers, former smokers, and current smokers by gender. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratios(ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals(CIs) for the effects of smoking status on depressive symptoms, and depression diagnosed by a doctor. Results: Compared to nonsmokers, the ORs of depressive symptoms for current smokers were 1.11(95% CI, 1.11-1.12) among males, and 1.64(95% CI, 1.63-1.64) among females. Compared to former smokers, the ORs of depressive symptoms for current smokers were 1.05(95% CI, 1.05-1.05) among males, and 1.89(95% CI 1.88-1.90) among females. Compared to nonsmokers, the ORs of depression for current smokers were 0.94(95% CI, 0.94-0.95) among males, and 1.40(95% CI, 1.39-1.41) among females. Compared to former smokers, the ORs of depression for current smokers were 1.09(95% CI, 1.09-1.10) among males, and 0.99(95% CI, 0.99-1.00) among females. Conclusions: Smoking is associated with depressive symptoms among Korean adults. Therefore, it is necessary to consider depressive symptoms with the management of tobacco control policies.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.288-299
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify factors influencing asthma, with a focus on obesity and systemic inflammation, in Korean adults. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of data from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015). A total of 3,693 individuals aged ≥19 years were included. The prevalence of asthma was 1.6% in the normal weight group (n=23), 1.4% in the overweight group (n=13), and 2.9% in the obese group (n=39). Data included markers associated with systemic inflammation such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein level, leukocyte count, hemoglobin level, and hematocrit value based on previous studies. The results were analyzed using a complex sampling design analysis and by multiple logistic regression analysis with SPSS WIN 24.0 program. Results: In the obese group, age between 50 and 59 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=14.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.84-27.14); age between 60 and 69 years (AOR=3.30, 95% CI=1.34-8.14); age ≥70 years (AOR=3.22, 95% CI=1.31-7.93); female gender (AOR=2.32, 95% CI=1.12-4.78); leukocyte count (AOR=1.18, 95% CI=1.01-1.38), and hemoglobin levels (AOR=0.60, 95% CI=0.45-0.81) were identified as factors influencing asthma. Conclusion: The results can be used to develop nursing interventions to prevent asthma associated with obesity in hospitals or home-based healthcare settings.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.379-389
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• 2016

Purpose: A longitudinal study was conducted to explore flora colonization and oral glucose high-risk newborns during the first 7 days after birth. Methods: Oral secretions of hospitalized newborns were obtained for microbial cultures and glucose test at days 1-7 after birth. Results: Among the total 112 newborns, 40% were girls and 73% were premature. Mean gestational age was $34.4{\pm}3.2$ weeks and weight was $2,266{\pm}697.5$ grams. The most common flora included Streptococcus (28.2%), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, 10.9%), Staphylococcus (6.0%) and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus (CNS, 4.0%). The average oral glucose level was $29.2{\pm}23.0mg/dL{\sim}58.2{\pm}39.5mg/dL$. Newborns with higher oral glucose than serum (crude odds ratio [ORc] =1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.03-2.97), phototherapy (ORc=3.30; 95% CI=2.29-4.76) and prone position (ORc= 2.04; 95% CI=1.13-3.69) were more likely to be colonized. Having oral tubes (ORc=0.42; 95% CI=0.29-0.59), parental nutrition (ORc=0.21; 95% CI=0.13-0.32) and antibiotics (ORc=0.51; 95% CI=0.36-0.73) had protective effects. For oral glucose statistical significances existed on time effect among newborns with Streptococcus (F=9.78, p=.024), MRSA (F=7.60, p=.037) or CNS (F=11.15, p=.019) and interaction between time and colonization among newborns with all of four flora (F=2.73, p=.029) or colonization with only Staphylococcus (F=2.91, p=.034). Conclusion: High-risk newborns develop flora colonization at an early period of life. Their clinical features were associated with types and time of oral flora colonization. They need close monitoring and multifaceted intervention to improve oral environment and infection control.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1453-1461
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• 2016

Regarding 'mate' intake (infusion of Ilex paraguariensis herb, a staple beverage in temperate South American regions), most epidemiologic studies showed positive associations with risk of some cancers, (e.g. upper aerodigestive tract), but evidence on breast cancer (BC) risk is limited to a previous multi-site study, which reported a non significant odds ratio [OR]=0.85, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.67-1.09, p for trend=0.31) for the highest quartile of intake. The present study was conducted in order to further assess associations of 'mate' intake with BC risk. We combined two databases of women belonging to public and private healthcare hospitals. The sample included 572 BC incident cases and 889 controls interviewed with a specific questionnaire featured by socio-demographic, reproductive and lifestyle variables, and a food frequency questionnaire of 64 items, also analyzing 'mate' intake (consumer status, daily intake, age at start, age at quit, duration of habit, intensity of intake). ORs and their 95%CI were calculated through unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for relevant potential confounders. The highest quartile of 'mate' intake was inversely associated with BC risk (OR=0.40, 95%CI 0.26-0.57, p for trend <0.001). Stratified analyses also displayed strong significant inverse associations for 'mate' in frequent tea drinkers (OR=0.22), high energy intake (OR=0.23), high body mass index (OR=0.29) and in postmenopausal women (OR=0.36), among other results. As conclusions, we found evidence of a significant inverse association for 'mate' intake and BC risk.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2017

This study identified an effective control method for periodontitis by investigating the association between blood levels of vitamin D and periodontitis in Korean elderly based on raw data from the fifth Korea National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey of 2010 (KNHANES). In this study, 1,021 adults over 65 years of age were evaluated based on data from the KNHANES. Periodontal disease was assessed using community periodontal index (CPI), with CPI codes ${\geq}3$ defined as periodontitis. Blood levels of vitamin D were measured from blood samples and divided into four groups (first quartile: ${\leq}13.23ng/ml$, second quartile: 13.24~16.95 ng/ml, third quartile: 16.96~21.58 ng/ml), and fourth quartile >21.59 ng/ml). Using multiple logistic regression analyses, the variables were adjusted for general characteristics, oral health-related characteristics, health-related characteristics, and bone mineral density. The statistical analysis was performed using the SAS (ver. 9.2). The results of this study are as follows: the prevalence of periodontitis was 42.6% in Korean elderly. After adjusting for general, oral health-related, and health-related, the risk of periodontitis in the first quartile group was 1.74 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02~2.98) higher than that of the fourth quartile group (p=0.041). After adjusting for general, oral health-related, and health-related characteristics as well as bone mineral density, the risk of periodontitis in the first quartile group was 1.73 times (95% CI, 1.02~2.96) higher than that of the four quartile group (p=0.042). There was a significant relationship between blood vitamin D level and periodontitis in Korean elderly. For the prevention of periodontitis, factors related to vitamin D should be considered along with other risk factors.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2018

본 연구는 성인여성에서 임신관련 건강요인과 치주염과의 상관성을 연구하기 위해 2010-2014년 국민건강영양조사자료를 활용하여 분석하였다. 종속변수는 치주염이었으며 독립변수는 임신관련 건강요인으로서 출산후 수유기간과 임신횟수를 분석하였으며, 사회경제학적변수 및 건강관련행위는 혼란변수로 보정하였다. 임신횟수와 치주염은 여러 혼란요인을 보정한 후에 상관성이 높았다[임신횟수 2-3번인 여성의 교차비: 2.66(95% 신뢰구간: 1.56-4.54); 임신횟수 4회 이상인 여성의 교차비: 3.02(95% 신뢰구간: 1.70-5.36)]. 결론적으로 치주염은 임신횟수와 밀접하게 연관되어 있으며 향후 임산부 구강보건교육 및 여성을 대상으로 하는 구강보건교육 프로그램을 개발함에 있어서 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.8877-8881
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• 2014

Background: Despite social gradients in adult smoking, the effects of socioeconomic position (SEP) on adolescent smoking is not well understood. This study examined effects of subjective SEP as well as the objective SEP on smoking among Korean adolescents. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from the 2012 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students (38,221 boys; 35,965 girls). SEP was assessed by the Family Affluence Scale (FAS) and the self-rated household economic status. Relationships between SEP and smoking were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results: The low perceived SEP for either the high or low FAS grade was related to an elevated likelihood of smoking in both genders. A significantly higher risk of smoking was found in boys of low perceived SEP in middle school (odds ratio [OR] 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28-1.77 for high FAS, OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.21-1.98 for low FAS), and of low perceived SEP and high FAS in high school (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.02-1.26). Among girls, an elevated risk of smoking was observed in middle school group with low perceived SEP and low FAS (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.44-2.79) and in the high school group of low perceived SEP, regardless of FAS level (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.14-1.57 for high FAS, OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.04-1.65 for low FAS). Conclusions: The relationship of subjectively perceived SEP with smoking is as important as objective SEP and more significant in Korean high school adolescents.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.2923-2933
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• 2016

Recently, we reported an inverse association between high 'mate' intake (infusion of Ilex paraguariensis herb, a staple beverage in temperate South America) and breast cancer (BC) risk. Stronger inverse associations were found in high strata of tea, vegetable, fruit and energy intakes, and in overweight/obese women, suggesting possible roles for 'mate' mainly from its antioxidant contribution. The present study attempted to thoroughly explore possible associations among 'mate' and tea intake, dietary antioxidants and BC risk. Combining two databases of previous studies, 572 BC incident cases and 889 controls were interviewed with a specific questionnaire featuring socio-demographic, reproductive and lifestyle variables, and a food frequency questionnaire (64 items), focusing on 'mate' intake (consumer status, daily intake, age at start, age at quit, duration of habit). Food-derived nutrients were calculated from available databases. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated through unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for relevant potential confounders. The highest 'mate' intake was significantly inversely associated with BC risk for both low and high carotenoids (OR=0.40 vs. 0.41), vitamin C (OR=0.33 vs. 0.50), vitamin E (OR=0.37 vs. 0.45), flavonols (OR=0.38 vs. 0.48) and reduced glutathione (OR=0.48 vs. 0.46) strata. High tea intake showed significant inverse risk associations only with high carotenoids (OR=0.41), vitamin E (OR=0.48) and reduced glutathione (OR=0.43) strata. In conclusion, a strong and inverse association for 'mate' intake and BC was found, independent of dietary antioxidant levels. Also strong inverse associations with tea intake were more evident only at high levels of certain dietary antioxidants.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.621-630
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the smoking status and related factors among adolescents in Korea. Methods: We used data from the 5-7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The distribution of smokers and smoking status according to general characteristics was analyzed using complex chi-square tests. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between smoking experience and general characteristics by calculating the 95% confidence intervals. Results: There were 618 subjects who had experience smoking one or two puffs, the starting age of one or two puffs on smoking was 14.37 years old, the number of smoking days per month was 12.42 days, and the amount of smoking per day in a month was 7.59. Gender, residential area, income level, drinking experience, subjective health status, perceived stress level, continuous depression for more than 2 weeks, suicidal thoughts within a year, and age were significantly related to smoking experience. Conclusions: It is necessary to understand the smoking behavior of adolescents. It is important to lower the smoking rate among adolescents through the development and operation of systematic smoking prevention and smoking cessation policies at the national level, as well as the efforts of youth themselves to quit smoking.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2017

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate impact of increased tobacco price in 2015 on the adult smoking rate in South Korea. Methods: This study used 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 to 2015. Total 14,860 adults were included in the analysis. The chi-square test, univariate- and multivariate survey logistic regressions, and subgroup analysis were conducted. Results: Results show that adult smoking rate before price increase were 19.08% and after price increase were 16.69%. Adjusted by variables associated with smoking behavior and others, multivariate survey logistic regressions revealed that smoking rate decreased after introduction of increased tobacco price policy (odds ratio [OR], 0.745; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.575 to 0.967) and the impact was different by various social status (male: OR, 0.688; 95% CI, 0.523 to 0.905; age over 60: OR, 0.487; 95% CI, 0.315 to 0.754; rural area: OR, 0.531; 95% CI, 0.309 to 0.912; household income Q1: OR, 0.593; 95% CI, 0.352 to 0.999; household income Q4, OR, 0.616; 95% CI, 0.386 to 0.983). Conclusion: The study revealed decreased smoking rate after increased tobacco price policy and different trend depending on various social characteristics. We recommend that government agencies and policy makers should pursue tobacco price control policy continuously and population specific manner and concurrently non-price policy should be implemented as well.