• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2012

Reproduction in ruminant species is a highly complex biological process requiring a dialogue between the developing conceptus (embryo-fetus and associated placental membranes) and maternal uterus which must be established during the peri-implantation period for pregnancy recognition signaling and regulation of gene expression by uterine epithelial and stromal cells. The uterus provide a microenvironment in which molecules secreted by uterine epithelia and transported into the uterine lumen represent histotroph, also known as the secretome, that are required for growth and development of the conceptus and receptivity of the uterus to implantation by the elongating conceptus. Pregnancy recognition signaling as related to sustaining the functional lifespan of the corpora lutea, is required to sustain the functional life-span of corpora lutea for production of progesterone which is essential for uterine functions supportive of implantation and placentation required for successful outcomes of pregnancy. It is within the peri-implantation period that most embryonic deaths occur in ruminants due to deficiencies attributed to uterine functions or failure of the conceptus to develop appropriately, signal pregnancy recognition and/or undergo implantation and placentation. The endocrine status of the pregnant ruminant and her nutritional status are critical for successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. The challenge is to understand the complexity of key mechanisms that are characteristic of successful reproduction in humans and animals and to use that knowledge to enhance fertility and reproductive health of ruminant species in livestock enterprises.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.49-61
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• 2020

This study examined the factors related to drinking, health, and food habits of college students before and after participating in the activities of temperance club. The survey was conducted on 97 college students who participated in the temperance club. Scores on 'daily amount of alcohol drinking(p<.05)' and 'drinking expenditure(p<.05)' were significantly lower after temperance club participation. Drinking knowledge(p<.05), and health-related factors including 'concerns about health(p<.05)', 'health condition(p<.05)', and 'times of exercise(p<.05)' were significantly higher after temperance club participation. Food habits score was significantly higher after temperance club participation(m=46.0 vs. m=48.8, p<.01). The scores on 'I have three meals a day(p<.01)', 'I don't eat junk foods often(p<.05)', and 'I don't eat out often(p<.05)' were significantly higher after temperance club participation. Particiating in temperance club activities improved the factors related to drinking, health, and food habits. Therefore, we would like to provide the results of this study as basic data for creating a healthy drinking culture.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2015

Fermented Chlorella vulgaris was examined for its effects on growth performance, cecal microflora, tibia bone strength, and meat qualities in commercial Pekin ducks. A total of three hundred, day-old male Pekin ducks were divided into three groups with five replicates (n = 20 ducklings per replicate) and offered diets supplemented with commercial fermented C. vulgaris (CBT$^{(R)}$) at the level of 0, 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg, respectively for 6 wks. The final body weight was linearly (p = 0.001) increased as the addition of fermented C. vulgaris into diets increased. Similarly, dietary C. vulgaris linearly increased body weight gain (p = 0.001) and feed intake (p = 0.001) especially at the later days of the feeding trial. However, there was no C. vulgaris effect on feed efficiency. Relative weights of liver were significantly lowered by dietary fermented C. vulgaris (linear effect at p = 0.044). Dietary fermented C. vulgaris did not affect total microbes, lactic acid bacteria, and coliforms in cecal contents. Finally, meat quality parameters such as meat color (i.e., yellowness), shear force, pH, or water holding capacity were altered by adding fermented C. vulgaris into the diet. In our knowledge, this is the first report to show that dietary fermented C. vulgaris enhanced meat qualities of duck meats. In conclusion, our study indicates that dietary fermented C. vulgaris exerted benefits on productivity and can be employed as a novel, nutrition-based strategy to produce value-added duck meats.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1337-1348
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine major factors underweight and obesity by comparing and analyzing dietary habits, exercise and weight control of obesity and underweight of Adolescents. The subjects were 26,039 students and they were divided according Body Mass Index(BMI). The collected data was analyzed through frequency, percentage, chi-square test. The results were as follows. 1) Among the male students 67.3%, 32.7% and among the female ones 82.7% and 17.3% were included in the underweight and the obese groups, respectively. 2) For dietary habits, the rate of skipping breakfast(12.5%, 13.6%) was considerably higher than those of skipping lunch and dinner. 3) The females and the obese group received more stress, felt more unhappiness, grief, depression and thought more suicide than the males and the underweight group, respectively. 4) The underweight group had higher rate of strengthening exercise of males and females. 5) For self-recognized body shape, while in the underweight group had a wrong image of their body shape, while more males in the obese group had a distorted self body image. 6) Measures to control weight were regular exercise, reduced amount of diet, and the obese group controled their weight more actively than the underweight group of the male and the female students. 7) From these results, appropriate mental health programs and education programs about health knowledge, properly self-recognized body shape and measures to control weight were considered to be necessary.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.79-91
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to identify the meaningful nursing diagnosis in maternity unit and to suggest formally the basal data to the nursing service with scientific approach. The subject for this paper were 64 patients who admitted to Chung Ang University Hospital, Located in Seoul, from Mar. 10, to July 21, 1993. The results were as follows: 1. The number of nursing diagnosis from 64 patients were 892 and average number of nursing diagnosis per patient was 13.9. 2. Applying the division of nursing diagnosis to Roy's Adaptation Model, determined nursing diagnosis from the 64 patients were 621 (69.6%) in physiological adaptation mode and (Comfort, altered r/t), (Injury, potential for r/t), (Infection, potential for r/t), (Bowel elimination, altered patterns r/t), (Breathing pattern, ineffective r/t), (Nutrition, altered r/t less than body requirement) in order, and 139 (15.6%) in role function mode, (Self care deficit r/t), (Knowledge deficit r/t), (Mobility, impaired physical r/t) in order, 122 (13.7%) in interdependence adaptation mode, (Anxiety r/t), (Family Process, altered r/t) in order, 10(1.1%) in self concept adaptation mode, (Powerlessness r/t), (Grieving, dysfunctional r/t) in order. 3. Nursing diagnosis in maternity unit by the medical diagnosis, the average hospital dates were 3.8 days in normal delivery and majority of used nursing diagnosis, (Comfort, altered r/t) 64.6%, (Self care deficit r/t) 13.6% in order, and the average hospital dates were 9.6 days in cesarean section delivery and majority of used nursing diagnosis, (Comfort, altered r/t) 51.6%, (Self care deficit r/t) 15.2%, (Infection, potential for r/t) 9.9%, (Injury, potential "for r/t) 8.1%, (Anxiety r/t) 5.0%, (Mobility, impaired physical r/t) 3.3% in order, and the average hospital dates were 15.8days in preterm labor and majority of used nursing diagnosis, (Comfort, altered r/ t), (Anxiety r/t), (Injury, potential for r/t) in order, and the average short-term hospital dates were 2.5days, long-term hospital dates were 11.5days in gynecologic diseases and majority of used nursing diagnosis, (Comfort, altered r/t). (Self care deficit r/t), (Injury, potential for r/t), (Infection, potential for r/t) in order.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.305-314
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• 1990

In this paper we have implemented and tested TPN which is system to supply sufficent nutrition to nutritionally deficient patient by means of ES (expert system) a kind of A.1 (artificial intelligence) . This system affords to evaluation of nutritional state of patient which is essential to physi- cian. who performs TPN, decision of performing TPN and management of patient-data & calculation of information needing to making TPN fluid. The features were as follolv 1. we input data, take ideal weight of patient and 24hr's creatlnln In urine according to chart in system compare TSF (triceps skin fold), MAC (mid-arm circumference), AMC (arm muscle circumference) to 5th, 15th, 50th percentile and evaluate the nutritional state of patient. 2. Calculation of protein & nonprotein calorie needing to treament of patient can be made exactly by stress factor, activity factor and body temperature. 3. patient's personal recording needing to management of patient date name of chief doc- tor, name of department of admission, chart number, history can by taken very easily. 4. The way of system operating is pull-down Menu one, It can be processing very efficiently. 5. Date processing in system, we can manage memory volume of computer verlr efficiently using of dynamic allocation variables. 6. We can make it very easy to edit & revise the input data, processed data is saved to diskette in 2 files (TDF, THF) , these are semipermanent preservation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.201-209
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the socioeconomic inequality in malnutrition in under-5 children in Iran in order to help policymakers reduce such inequality. Methods: Data on 8443 under-5 children were extracted from the Iran Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health Survey. The wealth index was used as proxy for socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic inequality in stunting, underweight, and wasting was calculated using the concentration index. The concentration index was calculated for the whole sample, as well as for subcategories defined in terms of categories such as area of residence (urban and rural) and the sex of children. Results: Stunting was observed to be more prevalent than underweight or wasting. The results of the concentration index at the national level, as well as in rural and urban areas and in terms of children's sex, showed that inequality in stunting and underweight was statistically significant and that children in the lower quintiles were more malnourished. The wasting index was not sensitive to socioeconomic status, and its concentration index value was not statistically significant. Conclusions: This study showed that it can be misleading to assess the mean levels of malnutrition at the national level without knowledge of the distribution of malnutrition among socioeconomic groups. Significant socioeconomic inequalities in stunting and underweight were observed at the national level and in both urban and rural areas. Regarding the influence of nutrition on the health and economic well-being of preschool-aged children, it is necessary for the government to focus on taking targeted measures to reduce malnutrition and to focus on poorer groups within society who bear a greater burden of malnutrition.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.252-262
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the sanitary performance and education of elementary and middle school food service employees, by administering questionnaires to 358 elementary school food service employees and 171 middle school food service employees in Seoul. The collected data were subjected to descriptive analysis and $X^2$ tests using the SPSS package program. On the questionnaire, items pertaining to personal hygiene, ingredient control, process control, safety management, and sanitation education were used to measure sanitary performance, with a maximum possible rating of 5 per each category. The results can be summarized as follows. Elementary school food service employees' had the following sanitary performances scores: personal hygiene(4.75), ingredient control(4.82), process control(4.73), safety management(4.69) and sanitation education(4.29). Middle school food service employees' had the following performance ratings: personal hygiene(4.62), ingredient control(4.71), process control(4.71), safety management(4.61) and sanitation education(4.05). In the elementary school employees, 59.8% received regular sanitation education once per month, while 67.3% of middle school employees received regular sanitation education more than once per month. At the elementary schools, food service sanitation education was conducted verbally(39.4%), while middle school sanitation education was principally carried out through the distribution of leaflets(41.5%). The average effectiveness scores for food service verbal education were 2.97 out of a possible 5 at the elementary schools and 2.94 out of 5 at the middle schools. In both elementary and middle schools, the majority of the employees attributed the low level of sanitation knowledge in food service to a lack of facilities and equipment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 2006

Purporse : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between a health promoting lifestyle and body composition in university students. The study subjects were 194 university students who attended K-university located in Chungnam. Methods : The data was collected between March 2 and May 31, 2004. The instrument used for this study was the modified Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile(HPLP) developed by Walker, Sechrist, & Pender(1987). The body composition was measured by In Body 3.0, a Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer. The data was analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 10.0 program by t-test, ANOVA and pearson correlation coefficients. Results : The results of this study are as follows: 1) The scores of the Health Promoting Lifestyle(HPL) ranged from 79 to 170, with a mean score of 110(±15.8). The mean scores of sub-categorical HPL were self-actualization 31.8(±4.9), health responsibility 17.0(±4.0), exercise 8.3(±3.2), nutrition 15.4(±3.7), interpersonal relationships 20.3(±3.5) and stress management 17.2(±3.4). 2) The HPL according to the subjects' general characteristics had significant correlation to exercise amount(F=8.09, p＜.01), drinking amount(F=6.56, p＜.01), perceived health status(F=19.2, p＜.01) and perceived health knowledge (F=15.9, p＜.01). 3) The total HPL did not significantly correlate with any categories in body composition. The exercise area of sub-categorical HPL had significant positive correlation to height (r=.199, p＜.01), weight(r=.181, p＜.05) and soft lean mass(r=.257, p＜.01), and negative correlation to percent body fat(r=-.255, p＜.01) in body composition. Conclusion : The results suggest that the exercise area of sub-categorical HPL was an important variable for an exercise program's development such as nursing intervention for the health promotion of university students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.193-211
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• 1997

The study was designed to gain necessary basic data in order to grasp the health knowledge, attitude, and practice level of students and teachers of elementary, middle and high schools. This study was conducted through interviews of 3,400 students and 1,022 teachers attending 14 different schools large, middle and small cities and rural towns during a period of nine months (from Oct. 2 1995 to Jun. 30 1996). By the results of this study, the recommendations can be summarized as follows: 1. A school health development committee should be established of 10 members: school health related teachers (physical trainers, nurses, and teachers in charge of health), parents, persons related to health administration, local medical doctors, and student reprensentatives in order to support and immplement school health development plans. 2. Like advanced countries, a health class of 2~4 hours should beplaced in middle and high schools. A nurse majoring in health from a university should be the teacher. 3. A curriculum of health should contain the following: education on health, sex, alcohol, tabacco, the misuse of the drugs, the structure and function of human body, the growth of the body, mental health, safety and emergency care, the prevention of disease, proper eating habits and nutrition, daily health life, family health education, society health, community health, environmental pollution and individual responsibility. 4. Create a school health promotion center, with a nurse's office, and a sports center which has health machines (bars, aerobics, training, twist machine, belt massage, running machine, bench press, chest waist, hack hip extension machine) as well as a physical strength measuring machine (muscular strength, alertness, flexibility, endurance, lung functions and so on), so that the teaching staff and students can use them and train their bodies. 5. Through a refresher education program, urge teachers to understand school health promotion services. 6. Regulate a standard and establish a system of monitoring the physical enviroment of the school (the height of desks and chairs, illumination facilities, ventilation facilities, safe drinking water). 7. Create a check list of health to evaluate improvement.