• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2016

One of the most powerful health management practices is the use of antibiotics, but their use is being restricted because of health safety issues. The swine industry has been looking for various alternatives to antibiotics and increasingly considers the use of dietary factors like feed ingredients, feed additives, feed formulation practices, or feeding methods, instead of using antibiotics to improve pig health and performance. Among other alternatives to antibiotics, spray-dried plasma may be a candidate. Spray-dried plasma is a blood product that provides bioavailable nutrients and physiologically active components such as immunoglobulins, glycoproteins, growth factors, peptides, etc. It is an excellent protein source with balanced and highly digestible amino acids. Several beneficial physiological activities depend on components of spray-dried plasma, such as immune competence (antibacterial activity), modulation of microbiota and/or immune system, integrity of intestinal barrier function, etc. These beneficial effects can contribute to improvement of pig performance and health by modulation of microbiota in the digestive tract and/or immune system. Therefore, it is suggested that spray-dried plasma has great potential as an antibiotics alternative.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.446-452
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• 2000

This study was designed to observe the body growth and components of edible mugwort(Artemisia sp.) and medicinal mugwort(Kanghwa medicinal mugwort) . Twenty-four young rats of Sprague Dawley strain, body weight of about 89g were used in this study. They were fed on the basal diet(control diet) supplemented with 5% edible mugwort powder ( EM diet) and 5% medicinal mugwort powder( MM diet) for 4 weeks respectively. In proximate composition of nutrients of mugwort in dry basis(100g). crude protein (16.4g) and crude ash(11.8g) contents of EM were higher to about 2% than that of MM, but crude lipid content(4.3g) of EM was lower to about 2% than that of MM. However, the contents in calcium(6.9g) of MM was higher to 5.3 times than that of EM. but in Mn(17mg), Zn(0.5mg), Fe(131mg), Mg(337mg) of EM were higher to 2.8∼2.3 times and vitamin A(39,776 IU) of EM was higher to 2.9 times than that of MM respectively. Body wight gain rate and diet efficiency ratio of EM and MM diet group were similar to that of the control group. The contents of total protein, albumin, urea nitrogen. creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, glucose, amylase, transaminase (GOT, GPT) in serum exhibited no remarkable difference among of the EM and MM diet group but the level of LDH activity of MM diet group were significantly lower than that of the control group and EM diet group.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.305-318
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• 1997

This study was aimed at evaluating the nutritional status of Korean lactating women, who were attending peripheral community clinics in low-income areas, by anthropometric measurement, estimating dietary intakes and analyzing the contents of breast milk components, serum lipid content and fatty acid composition. Regarding anghropometric measurements, maternal circumferences decreased significantly at the trunk but not at the limbs. The skinfold thickness on all regions had the tendency to decrease during lactation. It was found that intakes of energy, protein, lipid and carbohydrates were desirable while calcium, zinc, copper and vitamin A were low and sodium was excessive. The energy $\%$of fat was 22.41$\%$of the total energy which is higher than the RDA for adults but it is proper for lactating women, but energy $\%$ from each fatty acid was usually low and an intake ratio of $\omega$6/$\omega$3 fatty acids was desirable. Accordingly, it is thought that dietary fat intake was balanced in quality. Concentrations of the nutrients in matured human milk showed the same range as that reported form different regions with the exception of calcium and magnesium which were relatively low. Serum lipid contents were decreased with the time postpartum and the average serum lipid content of lactating women were similar to the normal range of adults. Serum polyunsaturated fatty acids. especially $\omega$6 fatty acids have gradually increased with the time postpartum, but the composition were not greatly influenced by dietary intakes.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.331-338
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• 2012

In the present work, mulberry fruit extracts by four extraction processes, namely wet pressing extraction (WPE), hot-water extraction (HWE), enzymatic hydrolysis (EH), and lactic-acid bacteria fermentation (LBF) by Lactobacillus plantarum TO-2100, were analyzed for nutrients and functional compounds. The sugar contents of extracts by WPE, HWE, EH, and LBF were 12.0, 10.9, 14.5, and 14.3 brix, respectively, and the extraction yields by EH and LBF were 1.65 and 1.50 times higher than those by WPE. Among the organic acids, tartaric acid and malic acid contents were the highest in the extracts by WPE. Acetic acid was best extracted by LBF, and citric acid was best extracted by EH. Lactic acid was detected only in LBF. The extracts by EH showed the highest contents of all vitamins with an exception that the extracts by LBF showed the highest contents of the folic acid, vitamin B12, and vitamin C. We also noted that vitamin B group was not detected in the extracts by LBF. The extracts by EH showed the highest contents of all the amino acids, whereas LBF showed the lowest. Polyphenol contents of extracts by EH and LBF were 3.05 and 2.51 times more than those by WPE respectively. Anthocyanin contents were 7.66, 7.14 times higher for EH and LBF compare to WPE. We manufactured mulberry fruit granular teas with different compositions and tested them for their sensory characteristics. We found that 15% mulberry fruit extracts by enzymatic hydrolysis and 85% dextrin composition gave the most satisfactory result.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.431-437
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• 2015

In this study, high-acidity cider vinegar (HACV) was produced by alcoholic and acetic acid fermentation of apple concentrate without any nutrients and then the optimum alcohol concentration was determined through a qualitative study. HACV was fermented with different initial alcohol concentrations (6-9%) during the process of acetic acid fermentation. The highest content of reducing sugar, organic acids, and free amino acids was observed at 6% of initial alcohol concentration. Approximately 20 types of volatile compounds were identified by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and GC-MS. The total volatile content was the highest at 6% of initial alcohol concentration, and the acid content was the lowest at 9% of the initial alcohol concentration. The HACV produced by a two-stage fermentation process was qualitatively better than commercial HACV presenting the highest value at 6% of initial alcohol concentration. Malic acid, aspartic acid, and hexyl acetate were selected as quality index components of HACV production by two-stage fermentation on the basis of correlation between their physicochemical properties and the sensory attributes of HACV.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.424-431
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• 2016

The nutrients in livestock manure produced during fermentation processes in public livestock recycling centers are used as fertilizers. However, the large amounts of swine manure produced in intensive livestock farms can be a nonpoint source of pollution. In this experiment, we investigated the chemical properties, inorganic components, and heavy metal contents in 101 samples of liquid swine manure collected from 28 public livestock recycling centers throughout the nation. Results showed that the average pH of the samples was alkaline (pH range 5.18 to 9.54), and their maximum EC was $53.2dS\;m^{-1}$. The amounts of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were in the range of 1000 - 2000 and $200-800mg\;L^{-1}$ while potassium, which constituted 47% of the total inorganic ions recovered from the liquid swine manure, amounted to $1500mg\;L^{-1}$. The most distinctive heavy metals recovered from the liquid swine manure were copper and zinc although the amounts of both heavy metals were much lesser than those of the standards as livestock liquid fertilizer set by the Rural Development Administration. On the other hand, the amount of nitrogen decreased rapidly with an increasing fermentation period from immature to mature, assumed to be lost as volatile compounds, such as ammonia, which are the major odor components during the fermentation process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.796-801
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• 2000

Kimchi is the Korean traditional food which is fermented properly from salted Korean cabbage of raddish with other various supplements. Kimchi therefore can be the major sources for various kinds of nutrients and other biological substances. The fermentation process accompanies with complicated reaction mechanism which bacteria, fungi and yeast are involved and they produced aroma, taste and bioactive components. To identify nucleoside, this study was conducted with freeze-dried mustard leaf, mustard leaf kimchi and fermented mustard leaf kimchi. Hexane, CH$_2$Cl$_2$, EtOAc and BuOH was used in order to extract their components. The isolated compounds I and II from mustard leaf and mustard leaf kimchi were identified as adenosine and uracil using UV, $^{1}H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR and LC-MS, respectively. Compound I, II and nucleosides are the first report of its occurrence from mustard leaf and their kimchi, the standardized ratios of ingredients for kimchi were 10 of anchovy juice, 8 of red pepper powder, 3 of garlic, 1.5 of ginger, 6 of paste of glutinous rice. The nucleoside of mustard leaf and their kimchi was determined and compared. The order of nucleosides contents of mustard leaf was uridine>cytosine>uracil>adenine>guanosine>guanin, that of fresh mustard leaf kimchi was uridine>uracil>cytosine>guanine>adenosine>adenin>guanosine and that of fermented mustard leaf kimchi (5days at 15$^{\circ}C$) was guanine>adenine>adenosine>guanosine. The differences of nucleoside contents from those were due to various supplements and fermentation process.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

Modern society is undergoing nutritional imbalance according to the diet as the number of one person increases. This is increasing the incidence of chronic diseases such as gastrointestinal diseases and digestive diseases. This study suggests the prediction of dietary knowledge using multiple regression analysis for preventing chronic stomach diseases. The proposed method manages user's stomach diseases and dietary nutrition through the prediction of nutrition knowledge. It collects user's PHR through smart device and integrates in the health platform. The integrated data analyzes the dietary and activity of the user through multiple regression analysis. It predicts the required nutrients and provides services to users through applications. Therefore, it suggests recommended dietary components and consumed calories, appropriate dietary components based on the user's basal metabolism, and gastrointestinal levels. With the personalized health management, modern people can manage gastrointestinal diseases through a balanced diet.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2023

Rendering, is attracting attention as a technology that can stably and quickly process livestock carcasses. However, large amounts of livestock carcass solid residues are discharged in this process and limited methods are available for recycling them. In this study, rendered animal carcass solid residues were pyrolyzed to produce carbonized materials (350℃; RACR-C) and their chemical properties were investigated. Further, RACR-C were applied to cabbage cultivation for investigating their crop growth characteristics and soil improvement effects. RACR-C contained large amounts of fertilizer components such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and showed no toxic effects on the seedling growth of crops. The content of water-soluble nutrients released from RACR-C under the reaction time increased rapidly within 30 min, but was insignificant compared to the total content. Thus, most fertilizer components in RACR-C were not readily soluble in water. The optimal application amount for applying RACR-C to cabbage cultivation based on the changes in cabbage growth, inorganic content, and soil chemistry was 200 kg/10a. Overall, pyrolysis of solid residues after rendering livestock carcass to produce carbonized material as a soil improver is an effective method to recycle the waste discharged from the rendering process.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2024

Among the nutrients in feed, amino acids and minerals are important for the growth and development of pets. In particular, interest in nutritional components related to the health of pets is increasing as pet-raising households and pet food markets have recently grown. Therefore, in this study, 55 pet food products distributed in South Korea were purchased, and the content of 3 essential and conditionally essential amino acids (taurine, lysine, arginine) and 4 minerals (Ca, P, Na, K) was investigated. Among the three amino acids, arginine was found to have the highest content, and the average content was 1.79 and 1.37 % in cat and dog foods, respectively. On the other hand, the taurine content was the lowest, but it was found to be higher than the minimum requirement of 0.10 % for cats set by the American Association for Feed Control (AAFCO) and the European Federation of Pet Food Industries (FEDIAF). As a result of the four-component analysis of minerals, the content of Ca was found to be the highest, and the average content was confirmed to be 1.64 and 1.25 % in cat and dog food, respectively. On the other hand, Na was the lowest, but it was higher than the AAFCO minimum requirement and FEDIAF minimum requirement for young cat and dog food. Among all 55 samples examined, the content of the three amino acids and the four inorganic components was confirmed to be suitable for the recommended minimum intake and maximum allowable intake presented by AAFCO and FEDIAF.