• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.1381-1388
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• 2019

Objective: The aims of this study were to reveal the magnitude of the differences in protein structures at a cellular level as well as protein utilization and availability among soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM), and rapeseed meal (RSM) as feedstocks in China. Methods: Experiments were designed to compare the three different types of feedstocks in terms of: i) protein chemical profiles; ii) protein fractions partitioned according to Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System; iii) protein molecular structures and protein second structures; iv) special protein compounds-amino acid (AA); v) total digestible protein and energy values; vi) in situ rumen protein degradability and intestinal digestibility. The protein second structures were measured using FT/IR molecular spectroscopy technique. A summary chemical approach in National Research Council (NRC) model was applied to analyze truly digestible protein. Results: The results showed significant differences in both protein nutritional profiles and protein structure parameters in terms of ${\alpha}-helix$, ${\beta}-sheet$ spectral intensity and their ratio, and amide I, amide II spectral intensity and their ratio among SBM, CM, and RSM. SBM had higher crude protein (CP) and AA content than CM and RSM. For dry matter (DM), SBM, and CM had a higher DM content compared with RSM (p<0.05), whereas no statistical significance was found between SBM and CM (p = 0.28). Effective degradability of CP and DM did not demonstrate significant differences among the three groups (p>0.05). Intestinal digestibility of rumen undegradable protein measured by three-step in vitro method showed that there was significant difference (p = 0.05) among SBM, CM, and RSM, which SBM was the highest and RSM was the lowest with CM in between. NRC modeling results showed that digestible CP content in SBM was significantly higher than that of CM and RSM (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggested that SBM and CM contained similar protein value and availability for dairy cattle, while RSM had the lowest protein quality and utilization.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.916-922
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• 2018

는 열교 환기를 세척할 때 최근 신재생에너지의무화제도(RPS: Renewable Portfolio Standard)대상 신재생에너지 항목에 발전소 온배수가 신재생에너지공급인증서(REC:Renewable Energy Certificate)의 수열에너지(가중치 1.5)로 추가되어 온배수 열원에 대한 가치가 높아졌다. 본 연구에서는 고탁도지역 온배수의 직접적인 활용을 위한 방안으로 히트펌프시스템 내 탁도저감장치를 도입하여 열교환기에 가해지는 오염물질의 저감 효과를 확인해보기 위해 한 달 동안 실증테스트를 실시하였다. 실험결과 탁도 저감효과가 80 % 이상으로 고탁도 지역의 온배수 활용을 위한 방안으로 탁도저감장치의 적용가능성을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 탁도저감시스템에 따른 열교환기의 오염도 저감 효과를 검증하기 위해 30일간 운전한 열교환기를 해체하여 분석해본 결과 탁도저감시스템을 거친 열교환기보다 그렇지 않은 열교환기의 오염정도가 높은 것을 확인하였다. 열교환기에 유입된 오염물질(스케일)을 분석해본 결과 주로 $SiO_2$, $Na(Si_3Al)O_8$, $CaCO_3$, NaCl 성분의 광물이 검출되었는데 이는 높은 탁도로 인해 해양퇴적토가 열교환기에 유입된 것으로 분석되었다. 그 외에도 소량이지만 $TiO_2$, MnO, $Cr_2O_3$가 검출되었다. 이는 열교환기를 세척할 때 열교환기 재료로부터 기인한 중금속이 소량 용출된 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.137-151
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• 2019

Objectives: The rapidly changing dietary environment requires a study that addresses the status of middle and high school students regarding their consumption of convenience food sold at convenience stores. Methods: This study examined adolescents' lifestyle patterns, dietary habits, and status of consuming convenience food at convenience stores. A total of 659 students (329 middle school students and 330 high school students) in Incheon participated in this questionnaire survey. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 13.7 years for the middle school students, and 16.6 years for the high school students. The gender and grade distributions in the middle and high school students were similar. The middle school students reported that they spent more time using electronic devices (p<0.001) or watching TV (p<0.001) than high school students. More than 60% of middle and high school students consumed convenience food at convenience stores without statistical difference between the two groups. The main reason for consuming convenience food from convenience stores was its convenience followed by taste in both groups. Despite the high frequency of consuming convenience food, the students rarely checked the nutrition labels at the time of purchase. On the other hand, they were still most concerned about the nutritional value of the convenience foods when they consumed convenience foods. The most frequently consumed convenience food was ramyon in both groups. Significant positive correlations were observed between the frequency of consuming convenience food at convenience stores and lifestyle factors for the middle school students, including monthly allowance, time for using electronic devices, and number of private lessons. For the high school students, however, the only monthly allowance had a significant positive correlation with the consumption. Conclusions: Adolescents are increasingly exposed to convenience foods and relevant nutritional issues are a concern. Therefore, a dietary environment that is adequately formed for the healthy development of youth as well as systematic nutrient education that is appropriately designed for both middle and high school students is required.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2018

본 시험은 추위에 강하고 생산성이 우수한 이탈리안 라이그라스 품종을 육성하기 위하여 2009년부터 2017년까지 국립축산과학원 초지사료과에서 수행되었다. 이탈리안 라이그라스 신품종 그린콜은 2배체 작물로 엽색은 녹색이며, 월동 전 초형은 반직립형, 봄의 초형은 직립형이다. 그린콜은 4월 25일경에 출수하는 극조생종 품종이고 지엽폭이 8 mm, 지엽 길이는 24.9 cm 이며, 출수기의 초장은 96 cm로 플로리다 80호 보다 5 cm 정도 짧다. 줄기 두께는 플로리다 80호 보다 0.14 mm 굵고 이삭 길이는 플로리다 80호와 대등하다. 그린콜의 건물수량은 11,592 kg/ha로서 대조품종인 플로리다 80호에 비하여 약간 높았다. 상대적 사료가치는 그린콜이 96.7인데 비해 수입종인 플로리다 80호는 89.8로 다소 높고 가소화양분총량 (TDN)이 60.8 %로서 플로리다 80호에 비해 2.1% 높았고, 산성세제불용섬유 (ADF)와 중성세제불용섬유 (NDF)는 각각 35.5 및 58.9 %로서 대조 품종 보다 약간 낮았다.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2019

Traditional cell culture(2-dimensional) is the method that provide a nutrient and environment on a flat surface to cultivate cells into a single layer. Since the cell characteristics of 2D culture method is different from the characteristics of the cells cultured in the body, attempts to cultivate the cells in an environment similar to the body environment are actively proceeding in the industry, academy, and research institutes. In this study, we will develop a technology to fabricate micro-structures capable of culturing cells on surfaces with various curvatures, surface shapes, and characteristics. In order to fabricate the hemispheric plastic structure(thickness $50{\mu}m$), plastic preform mold (hereinafter as "preform mold") corresponding to the hemisphere was first prepared by injection molding in order to fabricate a two - layer structure to be combined with a flat plastic film. Then, thermoplastic polymer dissolved in an organic solvent was solidified on a preform mold. As a preliminary study, we proposed injection molding conditions that can minimize X/Y/Z axis deflection value. The effects of the following conditions on the preform mold were analyzed through injection molding CAE, [(1) coolant inlet temperature, (2) injection time, (3) packing pressure, (4) volume-pressure (V/P). As a result, the injection molding process conditions (cooling water inlet temperature, injection time, holding pressure condition (V / P conversion point and holding pressure size)) which can minimize the deformation amount of the preform mold were derived through CAE without applying the experimental design method. Also, the derived injection molding process conditions were applied during actual injection molding and the degree of deformation of the formed preform mold was compared with the analysis results. It is expected that plastic film having various shapes in addition to hemispherical shape using the preform mold produced through this study will be useful for the molding preform molding technology and cast molding technology.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.856-864
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• 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate effects of mixed organic acids (MOA) on nutrient digestibility, volatile fatty acids composition and intestinal microbiota in growing-finishing pigs fed high wheat bran diet. Methods: Six crossbred barrows ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$), with an average body weight $78.8{\pm}4.21kg$, fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum, were allotted to a double $3{\times}3$ Latin square design with 3 periods and 3 diets. Each period consisted of a 5-d adjustment period followed by a 2-d total collection of feces and then a 2-d collection of ileal digesta. The dietary treatments included a corn-soybean-wheat bran basal diet (CTR), mixed organic acid 1 diet (MOA1; CTR+3,000 mg/kg OA1), mixed organic acid 2 diet (MOA2; CTR+2,000 mg/kg OA2). Results: Pigs fed MOA (MOA1 or MOA2) showed improved (p<0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy, dry matter and organic matter, and pigs fed MOA2 had increased (p<0.05) ATTD of neutral detergent fiber compared to CTR. Dietary MOA supplementation decreased (p<0.05) pH value, and improved (p<0.01) concentrations of lactic acid and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) in ileum compared to CTR. Pigs fed MOA showed higher (p<0.05) concentration of acetic acid, and lower (p<0.05) content of formic acid in feces compared to CTR. Pigs fed MOA1 had increased (p<0.05) concentration of TVFA and butyric acid in feces. Pigs fed MOA1 showed higher concentration of Lactobacillus and lower concentration of Escherichia in feces compared to CTR. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of MOA 1 or 2 could improve nutrients digestibility, TVFA concentration and intestinal flora in growing-finishing pigs fed high fiber diet.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2021

본 연구는 근적외선분광법을 활용한 조사료의 Ca과 P 함량의 분석 가능성을 검토하고 예측 정확성이 높은 검량식을 개발하기 위하여 전국 건초 수입상, TMR 회사와 축산 농가에서 수집한 수입 화본과와 두과 목건초 392점 중에서 무작위로 126점을 선택하여 검량식 개발에 이용하였다. 선택된 시료는 시료측정 전처리 방법을 생시료 처리와 건조분쇄 처리구로 나누어 근적외선 스펙트라를 측정하고 근적외선 파장대역을 가시영역, 근적외선, 전파장영역으로 구분하여 검량식을 개발하여 예측 정확성을 평가하였다. 수입건초의 Ca과 P 함량에 대한 예측 정확성은 시료 전처리 방법과 파장대역별에 따라 다양하게 나타났으며, 시료전처리 방법은 건조하여 분쇄하는 방법과 파장대역별로는 근적외선 파장(1,100~2,500 nm)대역에서 예측 정확성이 높게 나타났다. 수입건초의 Ca 함량 예측 정확성은 근적외선 파장대역에서 건조분쇄 측정이 SEC 292.3 mg/kg(R2=0.99)와 SECV 468.6 mg/kg(R2=0.98)로 가장 정확한 예측능력을 나타냈다. 수입건초의 P 함량은 근적외선 파장대역에서 건조분쇄 측정이 SEC 204.4 mg/kg(R2=0.91)과 SECV 224.7 mg/kg(R2=0.89)로 가장 정확한 예측능력을 나타냈다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 근적외선분광법을 이용하여 조사료의 주요 광물질인 Ca과 P 함량을 신속하고 정확하게 분석이 가능하였으며, 시료 측정시 건조하여 분쇄하는 전처리 방법과 근적외선 파장대역에서 검량식을 개발하는 것이 예측 정확성이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.96-109
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• 2021

담수를 통해 유입되는 육상 기원 물질은 연안 일차 생산을 제어하는 주요 요소이므로 육상-해양 coupling을 파악하는 것은 연안 생태 변화를 이해하는데 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 육상-해양 coupling 양상을 시간에 따라 세 단계(Base flow, Plume event, Residual flow)로 구분하여 개념화하였고, 낙동강 하구에서 각 양상의 출현을 확인하기위해 다양한 플랫폼에서 측정된 자료를 사용하여 분석하였다. 사용된 자료는 원격 탐사 측정 자료(Geostationary Ocean Color Image; GOCI), 현장 실측 자료(Marine Environment Information System; MEIS), 연속 측정 자료(유량 자료, 기상 자료)로 구분될 수 있다. 주성분분석을 통해 MEIS 자료를 육상-해양 coupling의 세 단계로 구분하였고, 이 구분을 2013-2018년 동안의 여타 자료에 적용하여 단기간 육상-해양 coupling 양상을 살펴보았다. 낙동강 하구에서는 예상과는 달리 Plume event때 Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) 최대값이 나타났다. 이는 담수 증가에도 탁도 증가는 크지 않았고, 플러싱 효과도 약해 식물플랑크톤이 증가 할 수 있는 여건이 조성되었기 때문으로 분석되었다. 육상-해양 coupling을 기반으로 여러 하구들과 비교해보았을 때 육상-해양 coupling은 담수 유입에 영향을 받는 하구에서 흔한 현상이나 하구에서 형성되는 플룸 크기에 따라 육상-해양 coupling이 다르게 나타났다. 낙동강 하구처럼 작은 플룸(~10 km 규모) 이 형성되는 하구에서는 식물플랑크톤의 즉각적인 반응으로 인해 Plume event 단계에 Chl-a 최댓값이 나타나는 반면, ~100 km 이상의 큰 플룸이 형성되는 하구(담수 배출이 크고, 플러싱이 강한 곳)에서는 본 연구에서 개념화한 육상-해양 coupling 양상(Residual flow 때 Chl-a 최대)을 따르는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.471-480
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• 2022

This experiment was conducted to determine the maximum dietary energy levels on growth performance and carcass characteristics of White Pekin duck. the Six dietary treatments were formulated based on their apparent metabolizable energy (AME) concentrations from 2,700 to 3,200 kcal/kg with a 100 kcal/kg gap to evaluate the accurate dietary AME requirement to address current knowledge and further issues for fulfilling the genetic potential of meat-type white Pekin ducklings. A total of 432 one-day-old male White Pekin ducklings were randomly allocated into one of six dietary treatments with six replicates (12 birds per pen). The diets were formulated as corn-soybean meal-based diets to meet or exceed the Nutrient Requirement of Poultry specification for meat-type ducks. Growth performance indices (i.e. average daily gain [ADG], average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio) were measured weekly. Medium body weight (BW) ducklings from each pen were sacrificed to analyze the carcass traits and abdominal fat content on day 21. Obtained data were analyzed to estimate significant effect using the one-way ANOVA of IBM SPSS Statistics (Version, 25). If the p-value of the results were significant, differences in means among treatments were separated by Tukey's post hoc test. Significant differences were then analyzed with a linear and quadratic broken model to estimate the accurate concentration of AME. Ducklings fed higher dietary AME diets increased (p < 0.05) BW, ADG. Ducklings fed higher AME than 2,900 kcal/kg diets increased abdominal fat accumulation and leg meat portion. The estimated requirement by linear plateau method showed from 3,000.00 kcal/kg to 3,173.03 kcal/kg whereas the requirement by quadratic plateau method indicated from 3,100.00 kcal/kg to 3,306.26 kcal/kg. Collectively, estimated dietary requirements exhibit diverse results based on the measured traits and analysis methods. All the estimated requirements in this experiment present higher than previous research, the maximum requirement for the next diet formulation should be selected by the purpose of the diet.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.137-150
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• 2010

1. Lwang은 해발 1,200m 정도의 산악지역으로 일교차가 크고 햇볕의 양이 많은 지역으로 토양산도는 차재배에 이상적인 pH(H₂O)가 평균 5.60이다. 2. pH(KCL) 4.26으로 이상적이다. 그러나 두 pH 차이가 1.34으로 심한 양분 부족 현상을 보이며 토양 EC가 0.05 mS/cm로 심각한 토양 수탈현상을 보이고 있다. 3. 토양의 산화환원전위(ORP)는 393mV로 아주 이상적인 토양을 보이고 있다. 토양산도와 함께 산화환원전위(ORP)는 좋은 유기농 차를 만드는데 큰 역할을 하고 있다. 4. 차는 연중 양분(養分)을 흡수하고 있는데, 측정 결과는 전 항목에서 심한 양분의 부족현상을 보여 향후 유기물의 투입이 요구되고 있다.