• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.281-286
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• 2005

The effect of oyster shell meal, which is made of a simple crushing and alkaline calcium materials, on soil microbial properties, microbial biomass C, N and P contents, and enzyme activities were evaluated in silt loam soil. The oyster shell meal fertilizer was added at the rates of 0, 4, 8, 12 and $16Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Microbial biomass C, N and P contents were significantly increased with increasing application of oyster shell meal. Soil enzyme activities, such as urease, ${\beta}$-glucosidase and alkaline phosphomonesterase were increased significantly by shell meal application, due to increased soil pH towards neutral range and increased nutrient availability in soil. In particular, the increased microbial biomass P content and phosphomonoesterase activities were strongly correlated with available P content in soil. Conclusively, oyster shell meal fertilizer could be a good supplement to improve soil microbial activities.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.216-225
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to compare nutrients intake, health indices, and prevalence of chronic diseases by occupation in middle-aged men, using results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were divided into two groups by their occupation (Office worker (OW) and Agri-fishery worker (AFW)) and their percentages were 75.5% and 24.5% respectively. In health-related factors, drinking rate was higher in OW (p<0.001), while smoking rate was higher in AFW (p<0.001). Walking and strength exercise were both higher in OW group. In dietary behavior, the rate of skipping breakfast and eating out was higher in OW (p<0.001). Food supplement usage were consumed by OW more than AFW (p<0.001). Daily energy intake was higher in AFW (p<0.05). There were significant differences in nutrient density per 1,000 kcal of minerals and vitamins between the two groups (p<0.05~p<0.001), except calcium, potassium, vitamin A and thiamin. In body weight, BMI, waist circumference and blood pressures, OW was higher than AFW (p<0.05~p<0.001). Whereas, HDL and LDL-cholesterol were higher in AFW (p<0.001). The prevalence of diabetes was higher in AFW (p<0.001). The results of this study can be used as data to establish nutrition and health strategies for occupation in middle-aged men.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1153-1160
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• 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of bamboo grass (Tiliacora triandra, Diels) pellet (Bamboo-Cass) supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen microbial population and methane production in Thai native beef cattle. Methods: Four Thai native beef cattle bulls ($190{\pm}2kg$) were randomly allotted to four respective dietary treatments in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Treatments were the varying levels of Bamboo-Cass supplementation at 0, 50, 100, and 150 g/head/d, respectively. Rice straw was fed ad libitum and the concentrate offered at 0.5% of body weight. Results: Under this experiment, the findings revealed that acetate and butyrate production were decreased (p<0.05), propionate increased (p<0.05), whilst ruminal $NH_3-N$ concentration was decreased (p<0.05) by supplementation of Bamboo-Cass at 150 g/head/d. Moreover, rice straw intake, and microbial population were linearly increased (p<0.05), while methane production was decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results from the present study indicate that supplementation of Bamboo-Cass at 150 g/head/d significantly enhanced feed intake, decreased protozoa and increased bacterial population, rumen fermentation efficiency while decreased methane production. Therefore, Bamboo-Cass as a supplement is promising as a rumen enhancer in beef cattle fed on rice straw.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.1384-1392
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• 2023

Objective: Replacing soybean meal (SBM) with cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) meal pellets (CMP) in concentrate diets was investigated for feed efficiency, ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in Thai native beef cattle. Methods: Four male beef cattle were randomly assigned to treatments using a 4×4 Latin square design with four levels of SBM replaced by CMP at 0%, 33%, 67%, and 100% in concentrate diets. Results: Results revealed that replacement of SBM with CMP did not affect dry matter (DM) consumption, while digestibilities of crude protein, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were significantly enhanced (p<0.05) but did not alter digestibility of DM and organic matter. Increasing levels of CMP up to 100% in concentrate diets increased ruminal ammoniacal nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentrations, blood urea nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids and propionate concentration (p<0.05), whereas production of methane and protozoal populations decreased (p<0.05). Efficiency of microbial nitrogen protein synthesis increased when SBM was replaced with CMP. Conclusion: Substitution of SBM with CMP in the feed concentrate mixture at up to 100% resulted in enhanced nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation efficiency, with increased volatile fatty acids production, especially propionate and microbial protein synthesis, while decreasing protozoal populations and mitigating rumen methane production in Thai native beef cattle fed a rice straw-based diet.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.74-83
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• 2024

Objective: Mitragyna speciosa Korth is traditionally used in Thailand. They have a high level of antioxidant capacities and bioactive compounds, the potential to modulate rumen fermentation and decrease methane production. The aim of the study was to investigate the different levels of microencapsulated-Mitragyna leaves extracts (MMLE) supplementation on nutrient degradability, rumen ecology, microbial dynamics, and methane production in an in vitro study. Methods: A completely randomized design was used to assign the experimental treatments, MMLE was supplemented at 0%, 4%, 6%, and 8% of the total dry matter (DM) substrate. Results: The addition of MMLE significantly increased in vitro dry matter degradability both at 12, 24, and 48 h, while ammonia-nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentration was improved with MMLE supplementation. The MMLE had the greatest propionate and total volatile fatty acid production when added with 6% of total DM substrate, while decreased the methane production (12, 24, and 48 h). Furthermore, the microbial population of cellulolytic bacteria and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens were increased, whilst Methanobacteriales was decreased with MMLE feeding. Conclusion: The results indicated that MMLE could be a potential alternative plant-based bioactive compound supplement to be used as ruminant feed additives.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the feeding patterns, use of dietary supplements, and nutrient intake of Korean toddlers. Methods: We used data for 930 toddlers who participated in the 4th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2007 to 2009. Feeding patterns and use of dietary supplements were assessed using standardized questionnaires, and nutrition intake was assessed using the 24 hr recall method. Results: In 2007~2009, 48.7% of toddlers used dietary supplements. Most parents (95.4%) initiated a regime of dietary supplements for their children following the advice of friends or relatives. Only 0.4% of parents followed the advice given by their doctors for dietary supplements use. In the survey of nutrient intake for toddlers, the prevalence of inadequate calcium intake was 53.9% for subjects aged 1 year, 55.2% for 2 years and 65.6% for subjects aged 3 years. The prevalence of inadequate iron intake was 52.0% for subjects aged 1 year, 48.7% for 2 years and 48.4% for subjects aged 3 years. In the survey performed on feeding patterns of toddlers during the infant period, mixed feeding accounted for 57.4%, breast feeding for 32.2%,and formula feeding for 10.4%. Sixty-five percent of toddlers began weaning between 4 and 6 months. Conclusions: This study indicated that a number of toddlers were at risk of inadequate calcium and iron intake. The role of professionals in counseling for qualified dietary intake and dietary supplement use is therefore necessary for Korean toddlers.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate health status and nutritional status based on dietary intake and food habit of elderly women in rural area of Keyonggi Province. The subject of this study were 133 elderly women aged 60 and over and interviewed with a questionaire. Main result was as follows : 1) Health score based on modified Cornell Medical Index, CMI(45 out of 195 items) was the average $29.1\pm6.8$ and was not significantly different with family size educational level and farmwork participation. In age, 44.0% of the subject in 60~65 years old was low score of CMI(11~25), but 50% of the subject in older than 80 years old was high score(33~44). The subject with disease was 82% and disease of musculoskeletal system was main type. 2) Dietary intake data obtained by a semiquantitative food frequency questionaire showed the average daily intake of energy, protein, Ca, retinol and riboflavin was lower than RDA Daily energy, protein and Ca intake was individually 84%, 67% and 55.1%. It was retinol that was the least sufficient as 49.1% of RDA. 3) The relation between CMI score(divided into three level : low, middle and high) showed low level was significantly different with others according to daily intake of energy, protein, retinol, thiamin, riboflavin and ascorbic acid. The correlation between CMI score and all nutrient intake were highly significant (p＜0.001), thus we knew that health status was affected importantly by nutrient intake. 4) Family size, educational level and age showed not significant correlation with all nutrient intake. 5) In food habit, 84.8% of the subject had regular mealtime and 14.4% were skip meal sometimes. The main reason of skip meal was a poor appetite. Preference for salty taste of subject was insufficiently salty of somewhat salty. Preference for fishes and meats showed the subject consumed fishes more than meats, but 23.5% of the subject didn't consume both. The subject eaten supplement was 38.3%.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.28 no.1 s.49
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• pp.59-72
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• 1995

This study was carried out to analyze the food intake and associated factors of the urban poor elderly by comparing poor district, Unbong rental apartment in Bansong 2 dong with other areas in Pusan. 135 elderlies(men 36, women 99) in Unbong rental apartment, 136 elderlies(men 45, women 91) in the other areas were investigated during the period of March to August in 1994. The assumption that the study area represented poor district was satisfied because the age and sex distribution was not significantly different, and the income of the study area was significantly lower than that of the control area. The variables of hospitalized in previous 12 month, gastrointestinal problem, alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking did not differ significantly. But the variables of chronic disease, take medicine, perceived health, vitamin supplement differed significantly between two groups. Therefore some factors associated with health state in the study area are worse than those of the control area. At most of all variables, nutrients intake of the study area did not reach the recommended dietary allowances(RDA) for Koreans, and that nutrient intakes of the study area were significantly lower than those of the control area. The hypothesis of this study that nutrient status depends on economical status was proved. As for the score of nutritional knowledge, the study area was significantly lower than the control area. But as for the score of nutritional behavior, two areas were not significantly different. The latter is counter result of our hypothesis, owing to the effect of the confounding factors including education etc. As for the correlation of variables, not only economic status and educational level, but the score of nutritional knowledge effects strongly on nutrient status in the study area, the poor district. Therefore, adequate nutritional education to the elderly in e poor district should be considered.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.274-280
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• 2005

Enormous amount of oyster-shell waste has been illegally disposed at oyster farm sites along the southern coast of Korea and then made a serious problem in environmental side. To increase the consumption of oyster shell meal as a soil amendment, the effects of oyster shell meal on soil properties and spring Chinese cabbage productivity were evaluated in silt loam soil to which 0, 4, 8, 12 and $16Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of oyster-shell meal fertilizer were added. Hydrated lime treatment ($2Mg\;ha^{-1}$) was selected as a control. Oyster-shell meal fertilizer, which made by a simple crushing and has high alkalinity as a calcium materials, had significant effects on neutralizing acid soil and on supplying calcium element. Spring Chinese cabbage yields increased with shell meal application. Plant uptakes of macro-nutrients such as P and C, and micro-nutrient such as B were significantly increased by oyster-shell meal application and then contributed to promote Chinese cabbage growth. The highest yield was achieved following the addition of $8Mg\;ha^{-1}$ shell meal application, and the same yield with that in lime treatment was at the $4Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Oyster-shell meal had more substantial effect on suppling calcium and on improving soil pH than that of lime. In conclusion, oyster shell meal fertilizer could be a good supplement to other inorganic soil amendments to improve nutrient balances in upland soils.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2005

Waste of the hydroponic solution from the plastic film house cultivation was recycled to grow the red pepper(Capsicum annum L.) in upland fields as supplement for plant nutrients and irrigation sources. Application of hydroponic waste solution increased the pH and EC of the soils, coupled with the increases in the concentrations of exchangeable cations(Ca, Mg, and K), total nitrogen, $NH_4-N,\;and\;NO_3-N$. Growth and yield of red pepper were highest when the treatment of chemical fertilizer(70%) was combined with hydroponic waste solution(30%). Amounts of the daily producing hydroponic waste solution were 2,880 L $ha^{-1}\;day^{-1}$ from the experimental facilities and this could irrigate $409.86m^2$ of area to compensate for the amount of water loss by evapotranspiration(3%). The overall results demonstrated that hydroponic waste solution could be recycled as plant nutrients and irrigation water resources for enhancing soil fertility and environmental quality.