• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.467-478
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• 2012

This study was carried out to develop nutrition education materials for nutrient intake and the prevention of disease for the elderly and to test their effects on the health-related matters and nutrition intakes after nutrition education. The mean age of the subjects was 71.6 years old. Diet adjustment for health increased a little bit from 2.2% to 11.1% after education but with no significance. The highest reported chronic illness was hypertension. The drinking of the subjects decreased a little bit after their education but wasn't significant. There were no significant changes to the frequency of food consumption across all the items after education, but there was a small increase to the daily intake of milk and dairy products and fruits and to a balanced diet three times per day. There was a significant increase in the intake of such nutrients as energy(p<0.05), protein(p<0.01), lipid(p<0.05), phosphorus(p<0.05), sodium (p<0.05), vitamin $B_2$(p<0.05), vitamin $B_6$(p<0.05), and niacin(p<0.001) after education. Those findings show that nutrition education provided to the elderly had no clear effects on the items that required memorization such as nutrition knowledge but did have some effects on dietary life. If the nutrition education requiring memorization is provided repeatedly with data supplemented, more effective nutrition management will be possible.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2004

This study has investigated the effect of dietary attitudes on nutritional status of nurses living in Kyungnam province. A total of 249 muses working at hospitals in the Kyungnam area participated in this study. The general characteristics and dietary attitudes of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, and nutrient intakes were examined using one day 24-hour recall method from November 14 to December 20, in 2001. The data of nutrient intakes were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program and then the diet quality was estimated using the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ). The subjects were classified as the high score group (17.3 %), medium score group (54.2%), and low score group (28.5%) based on dietary attitude score. The results were as follows: Average age of subjects was 27.1 years old, average nursingexperience was 5.7 years, and 70.7% of the subjects graduated from a junior college. The rate of shift work (45.4%) and non-shift work (54.6%) were similar. The average score on dietary attitudes in thehigh score group was 78.8, and those in he medium score group and in the low score group were 58.6 and 40.8 out of 100 points respectively. The average intake of energy (p < 0.001), carbohydrate (p < 0.001), protein (p < 0.05), animal protein (p < 0.01), animal fat (p < 0.05), vitamin $B_1$ (p < 0.01), vitamin $B_2$ (p < 0.0l), niacin (p < 0.001), Ca (p < 0.001), Fe (p < 0.001), animal Fe (p < 0.01), P (p < 0.001), and crude fiber (p < 0.00l), were significantly higher in the high score group than those in the medium score group and low score group. In the high score group, the average intake of protein, vitamin $B_1$, niacin, vitamin C and P were above 125% of the Korean RDA, and in medium score group, those of vitamin C and P, and in low score group, that of vitamin C were above 125% of the Korean RDA. In the high score group, nutrient of intake below 75% of the Korean RDA was Ca, and those in medium score group were vitamin $B_2$, Ca, and Fe, and those in low score group were energy, vitamin $B_2$, Ca and Fe. The intake ratio of Ca and P showed an unbalanceof 1:2, and that of animal protein/plant protein, and that of animal fat/plant fat were high (1.45-1.64) in all group;. The dietary attitude had a positive correlation (p < 0.00l) with nutrition intake except vitamin A and vitamin C.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.281-292
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• 2022

The lower elementary school grades are an important period in which eating habits are formed. We examined the relationship between eating habits and school meal intake in the lower grades of an elementary school in Seoul. The eating habits were investigated using the Nutrition Quotient (NQ) for children. The school meal intake rates and preferred menus were obtained by automatically scanning the plate before and after meals using an artificial intelligence food scanner. The average school meal intake rate for the 347 subjects was 68.5±12.2%, and the nutrient intakes through the school meals were 353.5±70.0 kcal of energy, 51.8±10.2 g of carbohydrates, 14.6±3.1 g of proteins, 10.3±2.3 g of fats, 87.0±20.0 mg of calcium, and 1.8±0.4 mg of iron. The preferred menus were rice, grilled food, and dairy products, and non-preferred menus were salad, beverages, and stewed food. The eating habits that showed a positive correlation with the school meal intake rate were 'Diverse side dishes (r=0.332, P<0.001)', 'Vegetable side dishes (r=0.166, P<0.01)', 'Kimchi side dish (r=0.230, P<0.001)' and 'Less TV watching and computer game time (r=0.105, P<0.05)'. The NQ score also showed a positive correlation with the rate of school meal intake (r=0.216, P<0.001). The balance score was positively correlated with fruit (r=0.192, P<0.001), and the diversity score had the highest positive correlation with Kimchi (r=0.362, P<0.001). The regularity score was positively correlated with fried food (r=0.114, P<0.05). In conclusion, it was found that elementary school students in the lower grades had a higher school meal intake rate when their eating habits included eating side dishes evenly, and consuming vegetable side dishes and Kimchi.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.621-626
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• 2020

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Korea has been gradually increased and it has been reported that dietary life is highly associated with the development of CRC. To investigate dietary attitudes and nutritional risk factors for CRC, we analyzed food intake of 34 patients diagnosed with CRC within 1 year and 51 subjects without gastrointestinal diseases as a control reside in Daegu·Gyeongbuk Area using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The results showed that dietary regularity and variety of food intake in control subjects was better than CRC patients whereas, CRC patients eat more frequently animal and vegetable protein foods, fried foods, green and yellow vegetables, and fruits than control subjects. Nutrient intake analysis showed that Vitamin A, E, K, C, sodium, magnesium, iodine, and cholesterol intake of CRC patients was higher than control subjects. Especially, after adjusting age and sex, regression analysis showed that Vitamin K (OR = 1.022, 95% Cl 1.003-1.043, p = 0.026) and sodium (OR = 1.001, 95% Cl 1.000-1.002, p = 0.032) were identified as risk factors for CRC. In the future, verification of the relationship between these nutrients and CRC risk and appropriate nutrient education will be needed for the prevention of CRC.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.589-602
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• 2003

This study was designed to investigate the effects of weight reduction and changes in serum lipid composition using a commercial uncooked powdered food (UPF) diet on 27 obese hyperlipidemic women over a period of 12 weeks. We replaced the standard breakfast and dinner of each of the subjects with UPF. Their dietary intake status was evaluated by 24-hour recall method. Their body compositions were measured using a body fat analyzer. Also, we conducted hematological, clinical and lipid profile analyses of their blood. Their intake of energy, lipid and protein significantly decreased as the subjects started to take UPF, but their intake of vitamins and minerals, other than iron, increased. Due to the energy intake decrease, the subjects' weight, body fat and waist circumference significantly decreased. Among the lost weight the percentage of the body fat was high. We judged that this process of losing weight was successful in obese hyperlipidemic women. Serum HDL-cholesterol gradually increased and serum total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride levels showed gradual decreases. When obese hyperlipidemic women replaced two of three meals with UPF for 3 months, we were able to see useful changes like decreased body fat and serum lipid. Complete judgment on the usefulness of UPF may be difficult but if people take a standard meal once a day and replenish their iron by taking UPF twice a day, we assume that replacing UPF with balanced regular meal not be a problem in nutritional status. Our results show that UPF is effective in the diet therapy of obese hyperlipidemic women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1095-1101
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• 1997

The present paper resents information on the dietary intake and biochemical status of elderly who are living in different types of residence. On hundred and sixty five women(age 65-80 years old) were divided into three groups ; those who are living alone (LA) , living with family (LF) , and living in institutions (LI) within the same general community. Nutrient intake, body fat content, and biochemical measurements in blood and urine were examined statistically and potential environment-related influence are discussed. Elderly women living alone had significantly lower intake of nutrients than elderly women were not living alone LF group showed significantly higher fat consumption than LA and LI groups. Body fat content, plasma albumin and calcium levels in elderly women who lived with other people were significantly higher than those in elderly women living alone, but fat weights and lean body mass between groups were not different. None of the plasma lipid fractions were significantly different among the three groups except LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration. In the LI group, LDL-C was lower than that of LF and LA groups. From the above results, serious nutritional deficiency has been shown in elderly women that live alone. Therefore, nutritional education and social help should be carried out to improve these situations for elderly people.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.366-375
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• 1996

The effect of carbohydrates, fat and protein consumption on the blood pressure of adolescents was investigated from the cross sectional data. The two major areas of inquiry were : 1)measuring the variation of blood pressure at various levels of macronutient intake. 2)measuring the relative importance between the factor of nutrient intake and physical growth. A total of 726 students(341 boys and 385 girls) in the first grade of middle school in Kangwha country were studied for their dietary consumption and physical growth as well as blood pressure. Multiple regression analysis was used as the analytical method to identify the relative importance between the factors. Besides the macronutrient consumption, other nutrients such as vitamin and mineral intakes were included in the regression model. The results showed a variation of blood pressure by macronutrient intake level was in consistant both in blood pressure and by gender. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased with increasing protein intake for girls(p<0.05). However, it was not observed in the case of boys. The systolic blood pressure of boys showed a tendency to decrease with fat intake increase, while their diastolic blood pressure showed the opposite trend. Results of the regression analysis showed that physical growth was a more influential factor than nutrition on blood pressure for both sexes. This could imply that the dietary hypertension factors observed in adults may not be operative generally in a population with normotensive blood pressure during growth.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.147-155
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• 2013

Higher bone mineral density (BMD) at a young age, calcium intake, and exercise are important for prevention of osteoporosis later in life. We examined familial effects of BMD between mothers and children and adolescents aged 8-19 in Cheonan, Korea and the relationships between BMD and lifestyle parameters, including: food and nutrient intake and exercise. For daughters and sons, significant differences in BMD were observed at the three bone sites (total femur, femur neck, and lumbar spine) according to age, gender, body mass index, exercise, and milk consumption, compared to the reference value for each classification category. Mean differences in children's BMD were observed according to maternal BMD. Energy and calcium intake were lower in both children and mothers in comparison to the estimated daily energy requirement; however, their protein intake was much greater than the daily recommended intake. After adjusting for age and gender and for mother's age, body mass index, and total calorie intake, results of the food frequency test showed an association of a higher intake of meat, meat products, milk and milk products with greater BMD of total femur, femur neck, and lumbar spine of children. In addition, exercise was positively associated with higher BMD. Regression analysis showed a positive association of BMD with age, male gender, exercise, and mother's BMD. In conclusion, after adjustment for environmental parameters, maternal BMD had a positive influence on BMD in daughters and sons. This finding suggests that parents need to check their BMD in order to determine whether their children are at increased risk of low BMD.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.113-124
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• 2019

This is a convergence study to investigate the relationship between cereal intake level and food and nutrient intake in 218 Chinese middle aged women aged 40 to 65 years. Data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$ test, ANOVA, correlation analysis and Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test using SPSS 22.0 program. The results of the study were as follows. The higher the level of cereal intake in the subjects, the lower were the rate of breakfast fasting (p for trend=0.000), overeating (p for trend=0.019), and eating out (p for trend=0.003). The intake of root and tuber crops(p for trend=0.008), meat(p for trend=0.043), pulses(p for trend=0.020), and light colored vegetables(p for trend=0.015) per 1,000 kcal of energy increased when the level of cereal intake was 6 to 9 units. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss and study for continuous education and improvement through the feedback so that the middle-aged women can take the cereal appropriately.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1058-1069
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• 1994

This study was performed to study the effects of dietary factors on breast and cervical cancer incidence in female Koreans. The subjects were 60 breast and 109 cervical cancer patients recruited from five general hospitals in Seoul. Food intake, anthropometric measurement, and blood compositions were studied through personal interview and using medical records, from August 1991 to September 1992. Body weight, body mass index, triceps skinfold thickness and body muscle mass were at upper limit of normal value, which suggest that these patients had a tendency of overweight. The levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit of the patients were below the normal values. The values of serum protein, albumin, and calcium were in the normal range but close to the lower bound. Therefore the nutritional status assessed by blood composition seems to be marginal. The results of diet history showed that most of the nutrient intake of the subjects met with RDA. The fat intake were 22.9-36.9g/day which supplies about 15-16% of total calories. The results of this study do not agree with those reports of western societies which showed the positive correlation between calorie and fat intake and the incidence of breast and cervical cancer. Even through the calories and fat intake of the subjects were not high, it was higher than national average, especially in breast cancer patients. From this study, dietary factors does not seem to be a major risk factor in cancer incidence in Korea. However, the tendency of the increasing consumption of fat could be a contributing risk factor together with overweight.