• 자연과학논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 1998

사계성 딸기의 년중자묘생산을 위한 자묘생산시기별 자묘증식효과와 묘령에 따른 작형별 수량성을 검토한 결과 노지월동모주에 대한 봄 자묘증식 방법은 보온+전조+GA처리+화방제거시 주당 22.3본으로서 대조(보온) 보다 13.1배의 우수한 효과를 보였고 하절기 GA처리에 의한 가을 자묘증식효과는 20 ppm 처리시 주당 12.0본으로서 대조(무처리) 보다 1.7배의 효과를 보였다. 또한 춘식재배 및 하식재배시 당년생 봄자묘의 묘령별 포장생육은 40일묘 보다 60일묘가 생육초기의 화방수가 다소 많아 유리하였으나 당년생 자묘로서는 수량성이 너무 저조하여 특히 사계성 딸기 춘식 재배시에 적합한 자묘는 전년 가을생산된 월동자묘를 이용하여야만 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1784-1789
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• 2006

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of phytobiotics and organic acids on growth performance of nursery pigs as an alternative to antibiotics. Phytobiotics refer bioactive compounds from plant materials including essential oils and herbal extracts. In Exp. 1,144 pigs, weaned at 23.4${\pm}$0.3 d age, were allotted to three dietary treatments. Treatment diets were: 1) NC (no antibiotics and no phytobiotics); 2) PC (NC+carbadox, 50 mg/kg); and 3) PB (NC+phytobiotics; 0.1% PEP1000-$1^{(R)}$. Each treatment had six replicates with eight pigs per pen. Pigs were fed the experimental diets for 5 wks in 3 phases (phase 1 for 2 wk; phase 2 for 2 wk; phase 3 for 1 wk). In Exp. 2, 192 pigs, weaned at 19.2${\pm}$0.3 d age, were allotted to three dietary treatments: 1) NC; 2) PC; and 3) PBO (NC+phytobiotics; 0.2% or 0.1% PEP1000-$1^{(R)}$ and organic acids; 0.4% or 0.2% $Biotronic^{(R)}$for the phase 1 and 2, respectively) with eight replicates per treatment and eight pigs per pen. Pigs were fed the assigned diets for 5 wks in 2 phases (phase 1 for 2 wk; phase 2 for 3 wk). Body weights were measured at the beginning of the experiment and at the end of each week in both Exp. 1 and 2. Feed intake was measured at the end of each week in both Exp. 1 and 2. Diarrhea score was measured daily during the entire period for Exp. 1 and during the phase 1 for Exp. 2. In Exp. 1, the PC had a higher (p<0.05) overall ADG than the NC, but the overall ADG of the PB did not differ (p>0.05) from the NC or the PC. In Exp. 2, the overall ADG did not differ (p>0.05) among all the treatments during the entire experimental period. The overall ADFI and the overall gain:feed ratio did not differ (p>0.05) among all the treatments during the entire experimental period in both Exp. 1 and 2. The PC had a higher (p<0.05) overall diarrhea score (harder stools) than the NC and the PB in Exp. 1, and a higher (p<0.05) overall diarrhea score than the NC in Exp. 2. The overall diarrhea score of the PB and the PBO did not differ (p>0.05) from the NC or the PC in Exp. 1 and 2. Results from this study show that the growth of pigs fed the diets with phytobiotics or the combination of phytobiotics and organic acids did not differ from those both with antibiotics and without antibiotics when tested in an environmentally controlled research facility. Further experiments are required to study the growth performance in disease challenged conditions.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2017

Incidence of leaf blast on nursery plants and pitting disease on maturing banana bunches has been recorded in banana plantations during rainy season in Eastern India during 2014 to 2015. Taxonomical identification as well as DNA sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of fungus isolated from affected tissue culture derived plantlets and fruits confirmed the pathogen to be Pyricularia angulata Hashioka "in both the cases". Koch's postulates were proved on young plantlets as well as on maturing fruits of cv. Grand Naine under simulated conditions. Evolutionary history was inferred and presented for our P. angulata strain PG9001 with GenBank accession no. KU984740. The analysis indicated that the P. angulata is phylogenitically distinct from other related species related to both Pyricularia and Magnaporthe. Detailed symptoms of blast lesions on young leaves, transition leaves, mid rib, petioles, peduncle, maturing bunches, bunch stalks and cushions were documented. Notably, the distinct small pitting spots on maturing bunches reduced the visual appeal of mature fruits. Appearance of pitting symptoms on fruits in relation with age of fruits and their distribution pattern on bunch and fingers was also documented in detail. Further, the roles of transitory leaves, weed hosts, seasonality on disease occurrence have also been documented.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2013

Anthropogenic increases in greenhouse gas concentrations, primarily through radiative forcing from carbon dioxide, continue to challenge earth's climate. This study quantified $CO_2$ storage and uptake by dominant forest types and age classes in the middle region of Korea. In addition, the role of forest landscapes in reducing atmospheric $CO_2$ against $CO_2$ emissions based on energy consumption was evaluated. Mean $CO_2$ storage and uptake per unit area by woody plants for three forest types and four age classes were estimated applying regression equations derived to quantify $CO_2$ storage and uptake per tree; and computations per soil unit area were also performed. Total $CO_2$ storage and uptake by forest landscapes were estimated by extrapolating $CO_2$ storage and uptake per unit area. Results indicated mean $CO_2$ storage per unit area by woody plants and soils was higher in older age classes for the same forest types, and higher in broadleaved than coniferous forests for the same age classes, with the exception of age class II (11-20 years). $CO_2$ storage by broadleaved forests of age class V (41-50 years) averaged 662.0 t/ha (US$331.0 hundred/ha), highest for all forest types and age classes evaluated. Overall, an increased mean $CO_2$ uptake per unit area by woody plants was evident for older age classes for the same forest types. However, decreased $CO_2$ uptake by broadleaved forests at age class V was observed, compared to classes III and IV with an average of 27.9 t/ha/yr (US$14.0 hundred/ha/yr). Total $CO_2$ storage by woody plants and soils in the study area was equivalent to 3.4 times the annual $CO_2$ emissions, and woody plants annually offset the $CO_2$ emissions by 17.7%. The important roles of plants and soils were associated with 39.1% of total forest area in South Korea, and $CO_2$ emissions comprised 62.2% of the total population. Therefore, development of forest lands may change $CO_2$ sinks into sources. Forest landscape management strategies were explored to maintain or improve forest roles in reducing atmospheric $CO_2$ levels.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2004

The expression of a chimeric transgene (nos-npt II) has been examined in 9 years old transgenic poplars (Populus koreana x P. nigra) growing in a nursery. The expression of the gene in twenty six independentely transformed plants were examined by 1) enzyme (NPT II) assay, 2) RT-PCR, and 3) resistance to kanamycin. High NPT II activities in young leaves of all the transformed plants were found even without a selection pressure for antibiotics for 9 years. However, the activity varied with the positions of leaves in the stem in that young leaves showed higher activity than did mature tissues. When leaf segments were cultured in the presence of 150 mg/l kanamycin, only those from young leaves produced vigorously growing callus. However, as in the case of NPTII assay, the leaf segments from mature leaves did not form callus well on the media. RT-PCR with nptII specific primers also showed that amplification products were observed only when RNAs from young tissues were used. The total RNA gel showed that while RNA in young leaves are relatively stable and in a large quantity, those in old leaves were mostly degraded. All the above results suggest that the gene is transcriptionally active only in young tissue even though it is attached to a constituitive promoter. Therefore, the expression of foreign gene in poplar plants seemed to be affected by the metabolic state of the cells and thus vary greatly with the developmental stages and the age of tissue.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.60-68
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• 1976

A group of 132 pre-school children with a mean age of six years and one month was the subjects of this investigation. These children were members of three nursery schools locating in Kwang-ju city. Each child's mother replied to a questionaire which included 42 food items and 4 questions. The results showed that the food preference of each child was variable and the group as a whole expressed more positive than negative feelings. The average number of foods liked per child was 22.9(range: $7{\sim}42$) among 42 food items. Peach, Apple, Strawberry, Laver, Egg, Tomato, Sweet Potato, Tangerine Orange and Beef were ranked in descending order of 'like' ratings. The average number of foods refused was 4.9 (range: $0{\sim}25$). Onion, Liver, Red Pepper Leaf, Root of Bellflower, Taro, Wild Seasame Leaf, Egg Plant, Cabbage, Water Cress and Bracken were ranked in descending order of 'refuse' ratings. The odor of hurting feelings, the hot taste and the flabby texture were the reasons why the children refused these foods. The average number of foods unexperienced was 4.4 (range: $0{\sim}14$). Kidney, Dried Small Whitebail, Tangle (DA SHI MA), Liver, SA RI Mushroom, Acorn Mook, Dried Fragrant Mushroom, Pine Agaric, Root of Bellflower and Ped Pepper Leaf were ranked in descending order of 'unexperience' ratings. Children's 'like' rating toward total foods was 57.3% and the 'refuse' rating was 11.7%. Among eight food groups, fruits showed the highest favority (91.4%) and mushroom showed the least (25.9%). The difference between male and female in the preference of total foods did not showed significant level. But the difference were significant in those of individual food groups; other vegetables, green and yellow leafy vegetables, mushrooms(above, p.<01), fishes and shellfish and sea weeds (above, p<.05). Children who had experienced meals missed rated 59.1% and 34.1% of these children missed meals once a week. The main reason for maels missed was due to the heavey snacks before meal time. Children who had snacks twice a day rated 45.6%. Main foods used as their snacks were starch foods (Cake, Biscuit, Sweet Potato) and citrous foods (Fruits, Apple, Tangerine).

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.335-340
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• 2013

본 실험은 토마토 접목묘 생산시 활착율과 묘소질 및 초기 생산량에 유리하며, 현장에서 적용이 용이한 적정접수 연령을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 처리는 접수의 본엽이 1~2매 시기에 접목하는 처리(LF-2), 2~3매 시기에 접목하는 처리(LF-3), 3~4매 시기에 접목하는 처리(LF-4)로 하였다. 접수의 본엽이 2~3매 정도의 연령에서 활착율이 가장 높았으며, 12가지 묘소질 분석항목 중에 6가지 이상이 가장 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. 그러나 접수의 본엽이 1~2매 정도인 어린 것이 통계적 유의성 있게 초기 수확량이 많았으며, 다른 처리와 큰 차이를 나타냈다. 경제성 분석 결과, 육묘장의 경우에는 본엽의 연령이 2~3매인 접수를 사용하는 것이 유리하나, 농가의 경우에는 본엽 1~2매의 어린 접수를 사용한 접목묘가 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 육묘장에서 발생하는 손실이 초기 수확량으로 얻는 소득의 1%에 불과하므로 농가에서 육묘장의 손실액을 보상하여 접목묘 가격을 약 200원 정도 높게 구입하는 것이 육묘장과 농가에 모두 유리한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2016

영국은 정원의 역사와 문화가 대표되는 국가로서, 크고 작은 비영리 단체 및 자선단체들이 활동을 하고 있다. 이 중 RHS는 영국의 정원문화 및 산업의 저변확대에 큰 영향을 준 핵심단체이다. 본 연구에서는 RHS의 등장 배경과 전개 과정을 통해 전문 자선단체로서의 정원문화 대중화에 기여한 전개 양상과 그 가치를 살펴보고자 하였다. 19세기 빅토리안 시대의 식물 수집에 대한 열정은 협회 창립의 배경이 되었으며, 영국의 시민정원문화와 관련이 깊다. 19세기 RHS의 전개양상과 정원문화 대중화에 대한 연구는 다음과 같이 요약될 수 있다. 첫째, 19세기 식물사냥꾼들의 해외 파견을 통한 이국적 식물의 전문적인 도입은 수집과 표본작업, 기록 등을 통해 전문적인 식물연구를 지원하는 단체로 발전되었으며, 이는 영국 내 원예기술의 발달, 묘목업의 성장 등의 결과로서 정원문화가 대중화되기 위한 기반 틀을 마련하였다. 둘째, 원예 및 가드닝의 전문서적의 출간은 로우든의 협회 가입 시점으로부터 실천적인 정보와 내용들이 편집됨으로써 대중적(특히, 여성과 중산계층) 독자 폭을 넓힐 수 있었다. 그리하여 생산 활동에 소외되어 있던 여성들의 가정적 원예활동은 새로운 정원 양식을 만들어 내기 시작했다. 셋째, 식물수집 전시를 통해 회원들과 소통하고자 했던 협회의 활동이 여러 형태의 축제로 변형되어 이어져 오다 지금의 첼시플라워쇼를 탄생시켰다. 첼시플라워쇼는 현재까지 세계 정원문화의 중추적인 역할을 하고 있으며, 대표적인 영국 정원문화의 아이콘이다. 넷째, 이러한 RHS의 활동의 과정과 19세기 영국의 근대성은 독특한 영국만의 대중적 정원양식을 이끌어 냈으며, 이는 매우 실천적인 정원술을 요하는 영국 중산층 가정 정원의 형태로서 대중적이면서도 영국적인 성격을 갖는다. 이러한 RHS의 역사와 활동들은 결국 정원의 나라로서의 국가적 위상과도 연결되며, 우리에게 시민 중심의 정원문화 정착을 위해 지향해야할 가치 및 실천방안의 단서를 제시해 준다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.361-370
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• 1982

The effects of climatic factors on organisms lire variable and complex, and it, however, can be interpreted in terms of those on the distribution and those on the population densities. The distribution of an organism may largely be determined by the temperatures, except some temporal organisms which are depended on the air mass movements. Population density of an organism is determined by various climatic factors, such as previous winter temperature, temperature of growing season and rainfall. The start of growing season of the rice plants has been shifted to earlier since last decade in Korea. This may mean that the overall climatic condition during the growing season might be considerably different from those in past years, and such a difference in climatic conditions might have close relation with the recent status of the diseases and insect pests through direct effects on the physiology and population dynamics of the organisms, as well as through on the biotic associations of the pest organisms. The white back planthopper and brown planthopper have become the key insect pests in Korea in recent years. They are migratory and have high reproductive pontentials and more generations than average residential insects. The synchronization of the migrants and physiological condition of the rice plants seems to be the important factors in relation to the recent outbreaks of these insects; the high reproductive rate can be obtained with the growth stage of rice being 30-50 days after transplanting. The modication of the microclimate associated with high plant density and some other introduced new cultural techniques also have some relation with the outbreak. The key diseases of the rice are the blast disease, sheath blight and the bacterial leaf blight. For the rice blast, the seedling blast and leaf blast during the early growing season and the neck blast, have become more serious, the former may be related to hotbed nursery and the later may be related to the high humidity in early August, and synchronization of the heading time which has been shifted to early part from middle or late part of August. In general, for the rice diseases, the development of the new races have been the most serious which are largely resulted from the introduction of the new varieties, but it also seems to be related with the prolonged periods of the favorable condition associated with the shifted growing seasons. In general, the diseases and insect pest problems have become much more variable and complex, and control measures should be based on the thorough knowledge of the ecology of the pest organisms, that is, effects of various environmental factors on the disease cycle; spore release, spore deposition, infection, colonization and sporulation of the disease organisms, and those on the development, reproductive potentials, dispersal, age specific responses of the insects. The well organized real-time pest management systems, such as alfalfa weevil management system developed at the Purdue University in U.S., is the prime importance for the implementation of the pest management principles.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.209-215
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• 1992

도전의 분양법은 세역위양이었던 중국의 고대농법에서와 달리, 이미 우리나라는 여말에 상경화하였으며, 두과작물의 녹비이용법과 함께 분전법의 실현에 앞서 분종법이나 분과법이 순차적으로 진전되고 있었다. 이러한 상태에서 15세기에 이르러 $\ulcorner$직설$\lrcorner$의 도전분전법은 재료를 객토류, 초본류, 분류로 확대분화시켰고 초경과 재경 사이에 시비토록 하되 토양조건이 특수한 도전에는 각각 적의한 시비법을 별도를 기술하였다. 또한 묘종법의 도전에서는 분묘처(못자리)와 묘종처(본답)의 시비술로 나누어 전문화시켰고, 개간지에서는 기경작업과 병행시키는 유기물 환원방식이 체계화 되어 있었다. 17세기에 이르러서는 $\ulcorner$직설보$\lrcorner$를 통하여 경상도의 속방을 체계화시켜 조도앙기처의 분양술을 완성시켰다. 여기에서 특기할 것은 분회, 요회 및 퇴비제조술과 사용법이었다. 18-19세기에는 황지회복과 수전이모작 확대를 지원하기 위한 지방보강법으로 시비재료를 최대한 확대하고 저분법과 추비법을 강조하였으며, 시비이론과 함께 작업능률을 높이기 위한 수레 이용이 강조되기도 하였다. 이상으로 보아 도전분양에 있어서는 분원재료상의 제약을 타파하고 추비체계를 확립시켰으며, 저분법과 함께 다비의 필요성에 대한 이론과 인식을 새롭게 하는 방향으로 발전되어 왔다.