• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.149-160
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• 2004

This study had carried out an analysis of leaf tobacco production cost by cost items, growing stages, and farm sizes per 10a to provide the basic data for determination of the purchasing price of leaf tobacco by KT&G. Considering the survey results of 12 tobacco farm households, the composition rates of production cost by items revealed as 7-10% for land service, 5-22% for depreciation, 13-25% for material costs, 50-65% for labour cost respectively. The production cost of leaf tobacco by growing stages were shown as 15.3% in nursery bed period, 32.3% in main growing period in field, 30.8% in harvesting period and 21.6% in packing period. The magnitude of wage expenditure was appeared as harvesting stage, packing stage, growing stage on main field and nursery bed stage in order. The amount of material costs were revealed as the growing stage in main field, harvesting stage, nursery bed stage and packing stage respectively. The production costs of leaf tobacco per 10a by farm sizes were shown as 1,615,879won for small farm, 1,446,896won for medium farm and 1,454,408won for large farm respectively. The production cost of leaf tobacco had shown decreasing tendency according to increasing farm sizes. To promote the international market competitiveness of leaf tobacco producing farms, labour saving production technologies and cost effective farm size to decrease tobacco production cost should be developed.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

The objective of this study was conducted to develope a mobile pig nursery(MPN) for segregation of early weaned piglet. The units of MPN was consisted of 4 rectangle-type pens, 1 workroom, 2 doors, 3 windows, 1 air-inlet, 1 exhaust fan, and 1 cooling and heating system. Total of 40 piglet were weaned at 7 days of age. The period of the feeding test was 63 days. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The insulation thickness was 70, 70 and 50 mm of roof, floor and wall, respectively. R-value was 15.32 and 10.32 of roof and wall, respectively. 2. Exhaust fan( 30.48) was installed near back door 40cm from the bottom. When exhaust fan speeds were 15, 20, 30 and 35%, Air ventilation was required 9.75, 7.07, 1.72, 1.45 minutes of respectively. 3. Average temperature in the MPN was able to maintain 27∼28$^{\circ}C$ from 7∼28 days of age, 24∼25$^{\circ}C$ from 35∼56 days of age and 20∼21.5$^{\circ}C$ from 56∼70 days of age. 4. Average daily gain, feed intake and feed conversion were 420.6g, 761.5g, 1.81 respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.112.2-112
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• 2003

Levels of blister rust infection (from Cronartium ribicola) varied in western white pine(Pinus monticola Dougl.) seedlings grown in two nurseries in northern Idaho. This observation suggested the potential importance of environmental components operating on the blister rust pathosystem. In an experiment designed to test the influence of environmental conditions at two nurseries, seedlings of a single genetic source were unintentionally held in cold storage for 6 months longer at one nursery than at the other. Subsequently, these seedlings, which had been growing under nursery conditions for 7 months or 1 month, were inoculated with blister rust spores on September 9th, 1999. Infection efficiency measured on the seedlings with only 1 month of growth was 70X greater than on the seedlings that had 7 months for their new growth to mature. Results from this nursery test and infection levels of northern Idaho resistant selections in mild climates suggest that expression of genes related to rust resistance in western white pine can be manipulated by regulation of phonology. If so, several new molecular tools may be employed to enhance our understanding of environmental regulation of genes for blister rust resistance.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2010

Purpose: This study aimed to confirm the effect of routine suctioning at a nursery for healthy newborns who have undergone immediate oronasopharyngeal bulb suctioning after birth in a delivery room through the observation of their oxygen saturation level, heart rate, respiration rate, the vomiting sign, and the number of instances of vomiting. Methods: Data were collected for 62 days from March 15 to May 15, 2009 at the nursery of a hospital located in Seoul. One hundred forty newborns were assigned to one of three groups: a no suction group, an oropharyngeal suction group, or a orogastric suction group. Collected data were analyzed with the SPSS WIN 15.0 program using ANOVA, cross tabulations and an independent 2-sample t-test. Results: Routine suctioning to healthy newborns resulted in decreasing oxygen saturation levels and increasing the heart and respiration rate regardless of the kind of suctioning. Stabilization of the oxygen saturation level and vital signs was also observed without suctioning. Conclusion: To prevent healthy newborns from the side effect of suctioning, selective suctioning is recommended.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.311-316
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• 2012

Fusarium root disease can be a serious problem in forest and conservation nurseries in the western United States. Fusarium inoculum is commonly found in most container and bareroot nurseries on healthy and diseased seedlings, in nursery soils, and on conifer seeds. Fusarium spp. within the F. oxysporum species complex have been recognized as pathogens for more than a century, but attempts to distinguish virulence by correlating morphological characteristics with results of pathogenicity tests were unsuccessful. Recent molecular characterization and pathogenicity tests, however, revealed that selected isolates of F. oxysporum are benign on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings. Other morphologically indistinguishable isolates, which can be virulent, were identified as F. commune, a recently described species. In a replicated greenhouse study, inoculating Douglas-fir seedlings with one isolate of F. oxysporum prevented expression of disease caused by a virulent isolate of F. commune. Moreover, seedling survival and growth was unaffected by the presence of the F. oxysporum isolate, and this isolate yielded better biological control than a commercial formulation of Bacillus subtilis. These results demonstrate that an isolate of nonpathogenic F. oxysporum can effectively reduce Fusarium root disease of Douglas-fir caused by F. commune under nursery settings, and this biological control approach has potential for further development.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a vegetable transplanting robot which transplants seedlings from a nursery tray to a plant pot using its four fingers. Method: The robot consists of the transplanting part, nursery tray moving part, plant pot moving part, main frame and controller. Two moving parts are controlled by the photo sensor and servo motor. The transplanting part was composed with two components; transporting device using E-MY2H(SMC Corp., Japan) for controlling finger position accurately and finger for transplanting the seedling. Results: Head lettuce using the transplanting robot was transplanted in 21 days after sowing based upon the seed shape measurement and removing examination. The optimal finger shape was thin pin type because it caused minimum damage to the roots of seedlings. Conclusions: The four inclined pin type was applied to remove the seedlings from the nursery tray. In addition, the transplanting capacity of the developed robot was 2800 pots per hour and the rate of success was 99% and above.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.13-22
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the 'Sant'Elia Nursery School' constructed in 1937 at Como, Italy. Giuseppe Terragni(1904-1943) is, as it well known, one of the representative architects in the period of Italian rationalism architecture. In particular, his 'Casa del Fascio(1928~1936)' is evaluated as a representative work of this period. The research is based on the original drawings and letters, mostly produced by G. Terragni himself. Through the analyze on the design process, the research tries to reveal Terragni's design method and strategy, especially in the educational facility project. There are at least four deferent phases in the Terragni's design process; in each phase, there are fundamental changes such as a structural grid system, relationships between skin and columns or spatial sequences. Establishment of a new guideline on the educational facility in 1925 is also an another important issue. There was a political need, during the period of Mussolini's regime, to find a model of educational facilities. So, this project reflects not only the Terragni's design process but also the good example of educational facility in the early Twenty Century in Europe.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.226-232
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• 1999

Early-weaning at an age of less than 21 days and removal of pigs to a second isolated site, which is commonly referred to as segregated early weaning (SEW), has been shown to substantially reduce disease transfer from the dam. This strategy has been successful in reducing the number of pathogens, but has not been successful in eliminating all pathogens. Although SEW has failed in most instances to totally eliminate pathogens, performance as measured by gain and efficiency through the nursery phase has been shown to be enhanced. In addition, SEW pigs have been shown to perform well on less complex nursery diets. Pigs which are continued on a similar isolation regime to market weight have been shown to have a remarkable improvement in feed intake, gain and efficiency. However, pigs which are co-mingled with conventional pigs after the nursery phase have either no improvement in performance or reduced performance. Backfat and carcass lean yield have been shown to be enhanced by SEW in high lean gain pigs, but not in lower lean gain pigs. Exposure of pigs to antigens which activate the immune system and increase the level of immunological stress has been suggested as the mechanism involved in depressing growth and performance of pigs.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.687-692
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• 2010

The mass cultivation of Ecklonia cava Kjellman was studied as a potential biomass source for the extract industry in Korea. Experiments were conducted to investigate the optimal conditions for artificial seed production and mass cultivation of this species. Maximum growth and young thalli development in the nursery culture area occurred at 2 m depth, whereas maximum growth of thalli in the main culture area occurred at 1 m depth. Production of E. cava was between 2.6 and 3.6 kg wet wt. $m^{-1}$ after depth control and removal of fouling organism, etc. The relationship between optimal water depth for culture and underwater irradiance during the E. cava cultivation was calculated as: y = -0.718x + 8.042 ($r^2$=0.976). The growth rates achieved in this trial indicate that E. cava cultures could produce and supply sufficient biomass.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate cognition on oral health education and dental caries preventive effect in kindergartens and child care facilities. Methods : A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 260 teachers in kindergartens and nursery facility in Daejeon from January to February, 2013. Except incomplete answers, 248 questionnaires were analyzed by using the statistical package SPSS WIN 18.0. Results : High intention to participate in oral health education was shown in the teachers who experienced the oral health education. Dental caries preventive effect included correct tooth brushing, fluoride dentifrice, fluoride mouth rinse, and use of xylitol. The teachers agreed that the fluoride mouth rinses would help good oral health in the children. Conclusions : Teachers in kindergartens and nursery facility are the most important persons in childhood oral health care. So it is necessary to provide the continuing standardized education for the teachers systematically.