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관내 혼화장치의 오리피스 형상과 개수에 따른 혼화 및 유동특성 (Effect of Orifice Type and Number on the Mixing and Flow Characteristics in In-line Mixer)

  • 정선용;정원식;이석호;이계복;이대규
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.6-13
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구에서는 혼화기의 혼화성능과 압력손실을 개선하기 위해 오리피스의 형상과 개수에 따른 영향을 해석하였다. 물의 정수에서 중요한 과정은 물속의 이물질을 포집하는 응집 과정이고 응집제가 얼마나 물속에 고른 분포를 가지고 물속에 혼화되어 있는 지가 정수에 큰 영향을 미친다. 기계식 혼화방식이 갖는 정수과정에서의 긴 체류시간, 기계 소음, 과다한 에너지의 소비 및 높은 유지관리 비용 등의 단점을 보완하기 위해서 최근에는 응집제가 원수에 주입됨과 동시에 가능한 한 빠르게 수중에 확산시킬 수 있는 장치로서 관내혼화장치의 도입이 증가추세에 있다. 본 연구에서는 관내 혼화기의 혼화성능과 압력손실을 개선하기 위해 오리피스의 유무, 형상과 개수에 따른 약품의 체적분률, 관내 압력손실 등 유동특성과 체적분률이 수치해석에 의해 계산된다. 관내 혼화장치에 장착된 오리피스는 혼화정도를 향상시키나 압력손실이 증가되므로 오리피스의 개수를 제한하여야 한다. 주요 인자에 대한 민감도 분석을 통해 가이드 베인을 장착한 오리피스 1개를 사용하여 약품의 체적분률과 압력손실이 개선된 관내 혼화장치를 제안하였다.

고령인구의 거주지 인지도 특성에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Cognitive Maps of the Elderly Living in Apartment Area)

  • 권순정;정다운;오예인
    • 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.25-32
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to figure out the cognitive characteristics of the elderly living in apartment complex in order to construct basic data for the design of sustainable and age friendly apartment area. Methods: Cognitive map was used to identify and analyze the elderly residents' status of residential environment cognitions. The elderly living in Gongreung-dong apartment was randomly interviewed outdoor area and requested to draw cognitive maps on their living environment. 26 valid cognitive maps collected were analyzed, classified into two different types: Line type and Dot type. The average age, cognitive distance, length of residence, number of elements in the map(complexity) were then compared by Line and Dot type, as well as by gender. Correlations among variables also were analysed. Results: Males showed a tendency to draw dot types, which means they are place-centered, and females drew line types more than males, which means they are way-centered. The average cognitive distance of male group was greater than that of female group. As the age went up, the number of perceived place and the cognitive distance decreased. Oder people tended to draw line types rather than dot types. As the cognitive distance was longer, the perceived place and the number of lines increased. Implications: The age was more related to the recognition of the residential environment. The younger the residents were, the more they recognized the elements. The points that were represented by dots in the cognitive maps are places for memories for the individuals. Creating more memorable spaces will affect the cognition of residents on living environment. It is better to improve the cognitive environments before cognitive abilities of residents decrease.

스마트 웨어러블의 신호와 전력 전송용 섬유형 케이블 개발 (Design and Fabrication of Signal and Power Transmission Textile Cable for Smart Wearables)

  • 이혜원;임효빈;노정심
    • 한국의류산업학회지
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    • 제20권5호
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    • pp.616-620
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    • 2018
  • Recently, many researches have been conducted to improve the performance and wearability of smart wearables. In this study, we designed and fabricated the signal and power transmission textile cables for smart wearables which have excellent wearability, durability and reliability. For the signal transmission textile cables, conductive yarns for the signal line and the ground line were developed. Three types of signal transmission textile cables have been developed using the conductive yarns. Linear density, tensile properties, electrical resistance and RF characteristics were tested to characterize the physical and electrical properties of three signal transmission textile cables. The conductive yarns have the very low resistance of $0.05{\Omega}/cm$ and showed excellent uniformity of electric resistance. Therefore, the electrical resistance of the signal transmission fiber cable can be reduced by increasing the number of conductive yarns used in signal and ground lines. However, the radio frequency (RF) characteristics of the signal transmission textile cables were better as the number of strands of the conductive yarns used was smaller. This is because the smaller the number of strands of conductive yarn used in signal transmission textile cables, the narrower and more parallel the distance between the signal line and the ground line. It is expected that the signal and power transmission textile cable for signal and power transmission will be utilized in smart wearable products.

테일러드 재킷 꺽임선에 따른 라펠과 윗칼라의 조화에 관한 패턴 연구 (A Study on the Combinative Patterns of Lapel and Collar in Tailored Jackets with Different Break Line)

  • 정두이;송정아
    • 한국의류산업학회지
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    • 제14권6호
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    • pp.952-959
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    • 2012
  • This study looks into the changes in collar patterns in tailored jackets with different numbers of buttons. The study discusses the pattern design method of tailored colors in 4 different styles, such as the effect of the number of buttons of tailored jackets on collar width and length, lapel width and length, and angle of lapel and overall balance in design. Through the first dress experiment, patterns were adjusted and corrected. The second dress experiment was conducted with the modified experimental clothes. The results of comparison and analysis are as follows. The 1 button tailored jacket was most preferred for its beautiful expression and overall balance of upper color and lapel when its lapel width was 7.5 cm. The second most preferred one was the 2 button tailored jacket with lapel width of 8 cm, and the 3 button jacket showed relatively good balance when its lapel width was 7.5 cm. The 4 button tailored jacket showed a bad balance in collar and button. Also, its overall silhouette was disappointing and thus was less preferred than others. For smaller number of buttons, the angle of lapel's break line increased, thus displaying a more refined and slim silhouette. On the other hand, the angle of lapel's break line decreased for greater number of buttons, thus displaying a dull and fat image. As a result, the jacket with many buttons was less preferred.

한우 섬유아세포의 성 판별 및 세포주기 유도 분석 (Sexing and Cell Cycle Induction Hanwoo Fetal Fibroblast Cells)

  • 김현주;강회성;최화식;이성호;박창식;진동일
    • 한국가축번식학회지
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.53-59
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    • 2003
  • 본 연구에서는 한우 태아의 시기별로 35일령, 50일령, 70일령 및 90일령의 fetal fibroblast cell line을 생산하였고, bovine-specific primer와 Y chromosome-specific primer를 이용하여 PCR에 의해 성을 판별하여 각각 암수 2 line의 한우 fetal fibroblast cell line을 확립하였다. 이들 cell line을 계대배양하여 passage number가 10 이상에서 염색체 분석을 실시하였는데 모두에서 80%이상의 세포가 60개의 정상 염색체수의 나타내어 계대배양이 karyotype에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. Serum starvation과 confluent 배양 방법을 이용하여 Go 상태로 유도되었는지 확인하기 위해 PCNA antibody를 이용하여 Western blotting 분석을 실시하였는데 PCNA 발현이 현저히 감소되는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 다시 정상 medium으로 환원시켰을 때 세포분열이 재개되어 Go상태로 유도되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 serum stravation 방법이 conflent한 배양방법보다 PCNA 발현양이 적은 것으로 나타나 좀더 효율적인 Go 상태 세포 주기 조절방법으로 판명되었다.

지연과 대역폭이 민감한 망에서의 효율적인 링크 집단화 방법 (Efficient Link Aggregation in Delay-Bandwidth Sensitive Networks)

  • 권소라;전창호
    • 인터넷정보학회논문지
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    • 제12권5호
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    • pp.11-19
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    • 2011
  • 본 논문에서는 계층적 QoS 라우팅을 위해 소스 라우팅 방식을 채택하고 있는 전달망에서 집단화된 링크 상태 정보의 정확성을 높이기 위한 서비스경계라인 근사법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 기존 집단화 과정에서 몇몇 경로 가중치들의 소멸로 높아지는 정보 왜곡을 줄이기 위해 주요 경로 가중치를 선정한 후 집단화 정보와 함께 외부망에 전달하는 것으로 지연과 대역폭을 동시에 QoS 파라미터로 갖는 집단화에 유용하다. 본 논문에서는 주요 경로 가중치를 가외치(outlier)로 정의한다. 제안 방법은 링크 당 집단화된 상태 정보를 저장하기 위해서 2k+5개의 파라미터를 갖는다. k는 가외치 개수로 가외치 선정 방법에 따라 달라진다. 모의 실험 결과 제안 방법이 가외치 선정이란 특수성 때문에 기존 방법들에 비해 1.5~2배 이상의 저장 공간을 갖지만 저장 공간과 정보 정확성 증가 비율로 고려한다면 제안 방법이 정보 정확성이 높음을 알 수 있었다.

항암(抗癌) 및 면역효과(免疫效果)에 복분자약침(覆盆子藥鍼)이 미치는 영향(影響) (Study on the Anti-cancer, Anti-metastasis and Immune response improvement Effects of Aqua-acupuncture with Rubi Fructus infusion solution)

  • 이선희;이병렬
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.189-219
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    • 2000
  • To study the effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement effects of aqua-acupuncture with Rubi Fructus infusion solution, we used Rubi Fructus infusion solution(taken by water-alcohol method) put into Chung-wan (CV12) and Chok-Samni(ST36) of BALB/c or C57BL/6 which are corresponding to humanbody. We observed the cytotoxicity, the effect on the expression of MMP-9 gene, the ability to control cancer cell proliferation, change of body weight, surviving number, median surviving time, increase of life span, changes in amount of leukocyte, erythrocyte, platelet, total protein, creatinine, glucose and LDH, weight of spleen, number of pulmonary colony, histological analysis on tissue metastasis of lung and liver, splenic cell proliferation, the expression of cytokine gene, the number of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD19^+$ and NK cell, and concluded like this. The results were obtained as follows : 1. Effects of Anti-cancer 1) The cytotoxicity about B16-F10 cell line of $2^0$, $2^{-1}$, $2^{-2}$, $2^{-3}$, $2^{-5}$, $2^{-6}$, $2^{-7}$, $2^{-8}$ diluent groups in Rubi Fructus infusion solution treatment was inhibited significantly, compared with control group. 2) The cytotoxicity about HT1080 cell line of $2^0{\sim}2^{-8}$ diluent groups in Rubi Fructus infusion solution treatment was inhibited significantly, compared with control group. 3) The effect on expression of MMP-9 gene was inhibited significantly in all the sample groups, compared with control group. 4) The effect on the control-ability on the cancer cell proliferation showed cytotoxicity significantly in $2^0$, $2^{-1}$, $2^{-2}$, $2^{-3}$, $2^{-4}$, $2^{-5}$, $2^{-6}$, $2^{-7}$, diluent groups. 2. Effects of Anti-metastasis 1) S-180 cancer cell line transplants in BALB/c mice were inhibited significantly in weight increase in all the sample groups, compared with control group. The surviving number increased in almost sample groups, except one group put into Chok-Samni(ST36) with 20% Rubi Fructus infusion solution treatment group that showed same number of the control group. 2) S-180 cancer cell line transplants in BALB/c mice showed high MST significantly in almost sample groups, compared with control group. But one group put into Chok-Samni(ST36) with 20% Rubi Fructus infusion solution showed low MST than control group. 3) The group injected in vein with B16-F10 cancer cell line in C57BL/6 mice showed increased ILS than control group significantly in anti-metastasis test. 3. Effects of Immune response improvement 1) The group injected in vein with B16-F10 cancer cell line in C57BL/6 mice were increased significantly in the number of leukocyte and glucose, and decreased significantly in the amount of platelet and LDH, compared with control group. However, there's no significant increase or decrease in number of erythrocyte, total protein and creatinine. 2) We couldn't find any significant relation in spleen weight of the sample group. 3) In pulmonary colony, sample group was decreased significantly, compared with control group. 4) Histological analysis of sample group inhivited compared with that of control group in both of lung and liver. 5) In immune system, all the sample groups showed having more relevancy to the effect on splenic cell proliferation than normal group. 6) Cytokine gene increased in almost sample groups, except one group treated with $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ Rubi Fructus infusion solution on IL-12. 7) In flow cytometry there's no significant relation in number of $CD8^+$ cell, however, the number of $CD4^+$, $CD19^+$ cell and NK cell in sample group had more relation than in control group. Above the results showed that aqua-acupuncture of Rubi Fructus solution has effects of anti-cancer, and-metastasis and immune response improvement.

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육종용약침의 항암작용(抗癌作用) 및 면역효과(免疫效果)에 대(對)한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究) (Study on the Anti-cancer, Anti-metastasis and Immune response improvement of Aqua-acupuncture with Cistanches Herba infusion solution)

  • 이은용;이병렬
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.251-286
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    • 2000
  • To study the effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement of aqua-acupuncture with Cistanches Herba infusion solution, we used Cistanches Herba infusion solution(taken by water-alcohol method) put into Chung-wan(CV12) and Chok-Samni(S36) of BALB/c or C57BL/6 which are corresponding to human body. We observed the cytotoxicity, the effect on the expression of MMP-9 gene, the ability to control cancer cell proliferation, change of body weight, surviving number, MST, ILS, changes in amount of WBC, RBC, PLT, total protein, creatinine, glucose and LDH, weight of spleen, number of pulmonary colony, histological analysis on tissue metastasis of lung and liver, splenic cell proliferation, the expression of cytokine gene, the number of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD19^+$ and NK cell, and concluded like this. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The cytotoxicity about B16-F10 cell line of $2^0$, $2^{-1}$, $2^{-2}$, $2^{-5}$ diluent groups in Cistanches Herba infusion solution treatment was inhibited significantly, compared with control group. 2. The cytotoxicity about HT1080 cell line of $2^0$, $2^{-1}$, $2^{-2}$, $2^{-3}$, $2^{-5}$, $2^{-8}$ diluent groups in Cistanches Herba infusion solution treatment was inhibited significantly, compared with control group. 3. The effect on expression of MMP-9 gene was decreased in all the sample groups, compared with control group. 4. The effect on the control-ability on the cancer cell proliferation showed cytotooicity significantly in $2^0$, $2^{-1}$, $2^{-2}$, $2^{-3}$, $2^{-4}$, $2^{-5}$ diluent groups. 5. S-180 cancer cell line transplants in BALB/c mice were inhibited significantly in weight increase in all the sample groups, compared with control group. The surviving number increased in almost sample groups, except one group put into Chok-Samni(S36) with 20% Cistanches Herba infusion solution treatment group that showed same number of the control group. 6. S-180 cancer cell line transplants in BALB/c mice showed high MST and ILS significantly in almost sample groups, compared with control group. But one group put into Chok-Samni(S36) with 20% Cistanches Herba infusion solution treatment group showed low MST and ILS than control group. 7. The sample group injected in vein with B16-F10 cancer cell line in C57BL/6 mice showed increased ILS compared with control group significantly in anti-metastasis test. 8. The sample group injected in vein with B16-F10 cancer cell line in C57BL/6 mice were increased significantly in the number of WBC and glucose, and decreased significantly in the amount of LDH, compared with control group. However, there's no significant increase or decrease in number of RBC, PLT, total protein and creatinine. 9. We couldn't find any significant relation in spleen weight of the sample group. 10. In pulmonary colony, sample group was decreased significantly, compared with control group. 11. Histological analysis of sample group inhivited compared with that of control group in both of lung and liver. 12. In immune system, all the sample groups showed having more relevancy to the effect on splenic cell proliferation than normal group. 13. The effect on cytokine gene expression of all the sample groups were increased than control group. 14. In flow cytometry there's no significant relation in number of $CD8^+$, $CD19^+$ cell, however, the number of $CD4^+$ cell and NK cell in sample groups were increased than in control group. Above the results showed that aqua-acupuncture of Cistanches Herba infusion solution has effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement.

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Polling을 이용한 전력선 통신(PLC) 프로토콜의 설계 (Design of Power Line Communication Protocol using Polling Concept)

  • 임은정;강철신
    • 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전자공학회 2005년도 추계종합학술대회
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    • pp.31-34
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    • 2005
  • In this paper, we proposed a MAC protocol which can be used in power line communications(PLC). In the power line communication network, the data signal cannot travel long distance because of a serious attenuation. Consequently, we need to have a number of repeaters (amplifiers) in order to recover the signal power, which causes flooding problem in the network The proposed MAC protocol uses polling concept and solves the flooding problem in the power line communication network. The proposed protocol can be applied to power line communication networks for automatic power distribution control system. A mathematical analysis has been carried out to estimate the performance of the proposed protocol.

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Coupled Line Phase Shifters and Its Equivalent Phase Delay Line for Compact Broadband Phased Array Antenna Applications

  • Han, Sang-Min;Kim, Young-Sik
    • Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.62-66
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    • 2003
  • Novel coupled line phase shifters and its equivalent phase delay line for compact broadband phased array antennas are proposed. These phase control circuits are designed to be less complex, small size and to use a less number of active devices. The phase shifter is able to control a 120$^{\circ}$ phase shift continuously, and the phase delay line for a reference phase has a fixed 60$^{\circ}$ shifted phase. Both have the low phase error of less than $\pm$3.5$^{\circ}$ and the low gain variations of less than 1 ㏈ within the 300 MHz bandwidth. These proposed circuits are adequate to form the efficient beam-forming networks with compactness, broadband, less complexity, and low cost.