• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.37-43
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• 2001

1. About fifty thousand of cattle embryos were transferred and 16000 ET-calves were born in 1999. Eighty percents of embryos were collected from Japanese Black beef donors and transferred to dairy Holstein heifers and cows. Since 1985, we have achieved in bovine in vitro fertilization using immature oocytes Collected from ovaries of slaughterhouse. Now over 8000 embryos fertilized by Japanese Black bull, as Kitaguni 7 -8 or Mitsufuku, famousbulls as high marbling score of progeny tests were sold to dairy farmers and transferred to their dairy cattle every year. 2. Embryo splitting for identical twins is demonstrated an useful tool to supply a bull for semen collection and a steer for beef performance test. According to the data of Dr.Hashiyada (2001), 296 pairs of split-half-embryos were transferred to recipients and 98 gave births of 112 calves (23 pairs of identical twins and 66 singletons). 3. A blastomere-nuclear-transferred cloned calf was born in 1990 by a joint research with Drs.Tsunoda, National Institute of Animal Industry (NIAI) and Ushijima, Chiba Prefectural Farm Animal Center. The fruits of this technology were applied to the production of a calf from a cell of long-term-cultured inner cell mass (1998, Itoh et al, ZEN-NOH Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock) and a cloned calf from three-successive-cloning (1997, Tsunoda et al.). According to the survey of MAFF of Japan, over 500 calves were born until this year and a half of them were already brought to the market for beef. 4. After the report of "Dolly", in February 1997, the first somatic cell clone female calves were born in July 1998 as the fruits of the joint research organized by Dr. Tsunoda in Kinki University (Kato et al, 2000). The male calves were born in August and September 1998 by the collaboration with NIAI and Kagoshima Prefecture. Then 244 calves, four pigs and a kid of goat were now born in 36 institutes of Japan. 5. Somatic cell cloning in farm animal production will bring us an effective reproductive method of elite-dairy- cows, super-cows and excellent bulls. The effect of making copy farm animal is also related to the reservation of genetic resources and re-creation of a male bull from a castrated steer of excellent marbling beef. Cloning of genetically modified animals is most promising to making pig organs transplant to people and providing protein drugs in milk of pig, goat and cattle.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.81-87
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of electrical stimulation on the number of MCs and percent of degranulated MCs in rat skin. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two group; electrical stimulation group (n=6) and control group (n=6). Each animals hair on the back was removed. The electrical stimulation group received an positive rectangular pulsed electrical stimulation, while the control group was given the same treatment without electricity. The biopsy specimens were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin and stained with toluidine blue-nuclear fast red and alcian blue-safranin O. respectively. The MCs were counted using a light microscope and computerized image analysis system and calculated as the density and the percent. A t-test showed a significantly higher density of MCs in the electrical stimulated rats than control rats(p<0.05), and the percent of degranulated MCs in the electrical stimulated rats was higher than in the control rats (p<0.05) in toluidine blue stained sections. The density of MCs was significantly higher in the electrical stimulated rats than the control rats in alcian blue-safranin O Stained sections (P<0.01). An analysis of variance showed that the densities of CTMCs was significantly lower than the densities of MMCs and mixed MCs in electrical stimulated rat in alcian blue-safranin O Stained sections (p<0.05). These results suggest that the electrical stimulation may have potential for increasing the number of MCs and lead to degranulate the MCs in rat skin.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.437-444
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• 2016

Background: Although Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) has been traditionally used for a long time, its anti-inflammatory role and underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms have been poorly understood. In this study, the anti-inflammatory roles of KRG-derived components, namely, water extract (KRG-WE), saponin fraction (KRG-SF), and nonsaponin fraction (KRG-NSF), were investigated. Methods: To check saponin levels in the test fractions, KRG-WE, KRG-NSF, and KRG-SF were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The anti-inflammatory roles and underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of these components were investigated using a macrophage-like cell line (RAW264.7 cells) and an acute gastritis model in mice. Results: Of the tested fractions, KGR-SF (but not KRG-NSF and KRG-WE) markedly inhibited the viability of RAW264.7 cells, and splenocytes at more than 500 mg/mL significantly suppressed NO production at $100{\mu}g/mL$, diminished mRNA expression of inflammatory genes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, and interferon-${\beta}$ at $200{\mu}g/mL$, and completely blocked phagocytic uptake by RAW264.7 cells. All three fractions suppressed luciferase activity triggered by interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), but not that triggered by activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-kappa B. Phospho-IRF3 and phospho-TBK1 were simultaneously decreased in KRG-SF. Interestingly, all these fractions, when orally administered, clearly ameliorated the symptoms of gastric ulcer in HCl/ethanol-induced gastritis mice. Conclusion: These results suggest that KRG-WE, KRG-NSF, and KRG-SF might have anti-inflammatory properties, mostly because of the suppression of the IRF3 pathway.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.310-313
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• 2011

A 6-year-old female Shih-tzu dog was referred with left elbow joint mass associated with weight bearing lameness. Ultrasonography demonstrated an encapsulated hyperechoic mass at the left elbow joint. Radiography was performed on elbow joint, chest, and abdomen, but there was no evidence of metastasis. Clinicopathologic examination revealed the existence of neoplastic cells with anisocytosis, pleomorphism and increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. The left forelimb was amputated for cure. Histopathological examination diagnosed the mass as a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. During the 4 weeks follow-up, the patient showed full remission and adopted to walk with remaining three legs. Thereafter, the tumor recurred after 5 months of first surgery at the operation site and other two cutaneuos regions. Cytology test revealed the mesenchymal originated tumor cells with malignancy. These tumors were surgically removed and histopathological examination of the resected tissue revealed the recurrence of primary tumor and metastasis. Metronomic therapy with cyclophophamide (10 mg/$m^2$, PO, sid) and piroxicam (0.3 mg/kg, PO, sid) had been adopted for 5 months. At 26 months of follow up after the first surgery, the dog alive with satisfactory quality of life. Aggressive surgical resection with metronomic chemotherapy should be the most effective treatment for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1989

The locations of 5' ends as well as the splicing pattern of viral poly A(-) 19S RNA from monkey cells infected with SV40 were determined by a modification of primer extension method. The 5' end of this RNA mapped at the major cap site at nucleotide residue 325, used most frequently by SV40 late RNAs. The intron from nt.373 to nt.558 was removed as the ordinary cytoplasmic poly A(+) 19S RNA. The 3'end of this RNA was very heterogeneous and distributed over 1 kb upstream of polyadenylation site, as determined by S1 nuclease mapping. The reason for this normally initiated and spliced RNA to accumulate in the nucleus was investigated. In order to test whether the presence of unused 3' splice region on this RNA caused such subcellular distribution, cells were transfected with SV40 mutant KNA containing deletion around 3' splice site. The RNA deleted of 3' splice region accumulated mainly in the cytoplasm. This accumulation did not result from the increased stability of the RNA due to the deletion, since the wild type and mutant RNAs exhibited similar half lives after chase with actinomycin D. Therefore it is likely that the 19S spliced RNA is hindered from being transported into the cytoplasm due to some pre-splicing complexes formed at the unused 3' splice site.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.405-412
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• 2001

Corrosion tests were carried out in $360^{\circ}C$ water and $360^{\circ}C$ 70ppm LiOH solution to investigate the corrosion behavior of new zirconium alloys (Zr-0.4Nb-0.8Sn-xFeCrMn, Zr-0.2Nb-1.1Sn-xFeCrMn, Zr-1.0Nb-xFeCu). Microstructures of tested alloys were analyzed by optical microscope and TEM. The cross-sectional surface and crystalline structure of the oxide layer were analyzed by SEM and XRD. From the results of corrosion test, all the alloys showed higher corrosion rates in $360^{\circ}C$ 70ppm LiOH aqueous solution thats in $360^{\circ}C$ water. Especially, high Nb-containing alloy exhibited the acceleration of corrosion rate in LiOH solution. The low Nb- and Sn-added alloys showed better corrosion resistance than the Sn- free high Nb alloy. from the effect of final annealing on the corrosion, it was observed that the partially recrystallized alloys showed better corrosion resistance than fully recrystallized alloys. This would be related to the size and distribution of the second phase particles.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.408-413
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• 2010

Purpose : We aimed to prove the relative limitation of $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ scintigraphy (DMSA) compared to computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing acute pyelonephritis (APN) in children. Methods : Since September 2006, after a 64-channel CT was imported, 10 DMSA false-negative patients have been identified: these patients underwent a CT scan for acute abdomen or acute febrile symptoms and were diagnosed as having APN; however, their DMSA scans were clear. We focused on these 10 DMSA false-negative patients and analyzed their clinical findings and CT results. We used Philips Brilliance Power 64-channel CT scanner for the CT scan and Siemens Orbitor Nuclear Camera 60 Hz for the DMSA scan. Results : The 10 DMSA false-negative patients were mostly males (80%) and infants (80%). They had fever for a mean of 1.1-day duration before admission and showed increase in acute reactants: leukocyte, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein. The CT findings of renal lesions were focal in 6 (60%) cases and diffuse in 4 (40%) cases, and most of the lesions were unilateral in 80% of patients. CT proved that 22 renal lesions were neglected by DMSA. Differential renal function test by DMSA was also of no use in the evaluation of renal lesions. Conclusion : In this study, DMSA scan showed limitation in finding renal cortical lesions of CT-proven APN patients. DMSA false-negative results seem to occur at early-phase disease of infantile age, but more prospective studies are needed to determine the reasons and their prevalence.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2010

The distillation rate on LiCl-KCl eutectic salt under different vacuums from 0.5-50 mmHg was first investigated by using both a non-isothermal and a isothermal thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Based on the non-isothermal TG data, distillation rate equations as a function of the temperature could be derived. Calculated flux by these model flux equations was in agreement with the distillation rate obtained from isothermal TG analysis. A distillation rate of $10^{-4}-10^{-5}$ mole $cm^{-2}sec^{-1}$ is obtainable at temperatures less than 1300K and vacuums of 0.5-50 mmHg. About a 99% salt distillation efficiency was obtained after an hour at a temperature above 1150 K under 50 mmHg in a small scale distillation test system. An increase in the vaporizing surface area is relatively effective for removing residual salt in the remaining particles, when compared to that for the vaporizing time. Over 99.95% of total distillation efficiency was obtained for a 1-h distillation operation by increasing the inner surface area from $4.52cm^2$ to $12.56cm^2$.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

A large amount of acidic waste solution is generated from the practical electrokinetic decontamination equipments for the remediation of soil contaminated with uranium. After filtration of uranium hydroxides formed by adding CaO into the waste solution, the filtrate was recycled in order to reduce the volume of waste solution. However, when the filtrate was used in an electrokinetic equipment, the low permeability of the filtrate from anode cell to cathode cell due to a high concentration of calcium made several problems such as the weakening of a fabric tamis, the corrosion of electric wire and the adhension of metallic oxides to the surface of cathode electrode. To solve these problems, sulfuric acid was added into the filtrate and calcium in the solution was removed as $CaSO_4$ precipitate. A decontamination test using a small electrokinetic equipment for 20 days indicated that Ca-removed waste solution decreased uranium concentration of the waste soil to 0.35 Bq/g, which is a similar to a decontamination result obtained by distilled water.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1249-1256
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• 2017

In our search for new sources of bioactive secondary metabolites from Streptomyces sp., the ethyl acetate extracts from endophytic Streptomyces SUK 25 afforded five active diketopiperazine (DKP) compounds. The aim of this study was to characterize the bioactive compounds isolated from endophytic Streptomyces SUK 25 and evaluate their bioactivity against multiple drug resistance (MDR) bacteria such as Enterococcus raffinosus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp., and their cytotoxic activities against the human hepatoma (HepaRG) cell line. The production of secondary metabolites by this strain was optimized through Thornton's medium. Isolation, purification, and identification of the bioactive compounds were carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography, high-resolution mass liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance, and cryopreserved HepaRG cells were selected to test the cytotoxicity. The results showed that endophytic Streptomyces SUK 25 produces four active DKP compounds and an acetamide derivative, which were elucidated as $cyclo-({\text\tiny{L}}-Val-{\text\tiny{L}}-Pro)$, $cyclo-({\text\tiny{L}}-Leu-{\text\tiny{L}}-Pro)$, $cyclo-({\text\tiny{L}}-Phe-{\text\tiny{L}}-Pro)$, $cyclo-({\text\tiny{L}}-Val-{\text\tiny{L}}-Phe)$, and N-(7-hydroxy-6-methyl-octyl)-acetamide. These active compounds exhibited activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC 43300 and Enterococcus raffinosus, with low toxicity against human hepatoma HepaRG cells. Endophytic Streptomyces SUK 25 has the ability to produce DKP derivatives biologically active against some MDR bacteria with relatively low toxicity against HepaRG cells line.