• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2021

Angelica is a widely used medicinal and perennial plant. Information on the genetic diversity of Angelica populations is essential for their conservation and germ plasmic utilization. Although Angelica is an important medicinal plant species registered in South Korea, no molecular markers are currently available to distinguish it from other similar species from different countries. This developed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer regions genomic sequences to identify distinct Korean-specific Angelica species via amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR curve analyses. We performed molecular authentication of different kinds of Korean-specific Angelica species such as A. gigas Nakai and A. gigas Jiri using DNA sequences in the ITS intergenic region. The SNP markers developed in this study are useful for rapidly identifying specific Angelica species from different countr.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.96-104
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• 2012

Phylogenetic analyses were conducted to evaluate relationships of 7 taxa of Korean Carpesium including three outgroup (Inula britannica L., Inula germanica L., Rhanteriopsis lannginosa (DC.) Rauschert) by using ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic studies used maximum parsimony, neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood methods analysis. The length of the ITS sequences was 731 bp, and the lengths of the ITS1, ITS2 and 5.8S regions were 284~297 bp, 264~266 bp and 164 bp, respectively. The total number of variable sites was 111 for the entire sequences, and a parsimony informative sites of 64 are valid. Base change appeared variously in ITS1 rather than in ITS2. As the result, Korean Carpesium were formed monophyletic group and C. abrotanoides situated as the most basal clade. The results show that C. macrocephalum is closely related with C. triste. C. rosulatum has the closest relationship with C. glossophyllum. C. cernuum is close to C. divaricatum. These results suggest that the ITS data used in this study could be useful for the phylogenetic analysis of Korean Carpesium.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.301-307
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• 2011

The medicinal herb Oldenlandia diffusa is known as a folk medicine for the treatment of hepatitis, sore throat, appendicitis, malignant tumors and urethral infection in Southern China and Korea. Another species O. corymbosa, is also used for the therapy of the similar conditions, however, only O. diffusa is referred to the medicinal herb by Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Due to their similar morphology, O. diffusa and O. corymbosa are often misidentified. To easily identify O. diffusa from O. corymbosa, the phylogenetic utility of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) internal transcribed spacers (ITS) were investigated among different O. diffusa and O. corymbosa populations in Korea. The nrDNA ITS sequence of O. diffusa contained 791 bp, with GenBank accession number of JF837601-JF837602. The nrDNA ITS sequence of O. corymbosa was 785-786 bp, with GenBank accession number of JF837603-JF837611. The results showed that there are some certain divergences in the ITS region sequence between both species, even among different populations of the same species. Particularly, O. corymbosa ST-4 population showed the highest dissimilarity of the ITS region sequence with other nine populations of O. corymbosa and two populations of O. diffusa. This consequence makes us further understand the molecular diversification between O. corymbosa and O. diffusa, and help to promote the correct use and safety.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 2006

The genetic analyses of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms from Korea, China and Russia, were made by comparing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. The ITS region of A. senticosus was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the universal primers and then directly sequenced. The length of the ITS region including 162 bp 5.85 rRNA gene ranged from 608 bp (for Korean and Chinese) to 611 bp (for Russian). The G+C content of ITS region were 60.20% for Korean and Chinese plants and 60.06% for Russian plants. Sequence comparisons indicated that ITS regions of A. senticosus from Korea and China were identical, whereas the ITS sequence of A. senticosus from Russia showed 99.2% homology with the plants from Korea. Variation in sequences were attributable to 5 bp substitution such as transversion or insertion events. These results suggested that A. senticosus Harms from Korea and China were closely related in phylogenetic relationship compared to Russian. In addition, A. senticosus Harms were more similar to Kalopanax pictus than A. sessiliflorus in their ITS sequences.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.282-293
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• 2019

Broussonetia × kazinoki Siebold has long been utilized as a major component in the manufacturing of Korean traditional paper, hanji, and has been suggested as a hybrid species of B. papyrifera and B. monoica. By applying three molecular markers, chloroplast (cp) ndhF-rpl32 IGS, a nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer, and the TOPO6 gene, the hybrid origin of B. × kazinoki is tested. As a result, B. × kazinoki in Korea is demonstrated to be a hybrid of B. monoica × B. papyrifera, most likely formed naturally in Korea. The cp haplotypes detected provided information about the origins and genetic diversity of the maternal lineage B. monoica and paternal lineage B. papyrifera. The two nuclear markers were supplemented to each other, leading to the discovery of introgression in Broussonetia.

• ALGAE
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.307-330
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• 2013

The genus Cryptomonas is easily recognized by having two flagella, green brownish color, and a swaying behavior. They have relatively simple morphology, and limited diagnostic characters, which present a major difficulty in differentiating between species of the genus. To understand species delineation and phylogenetic relationships among Cryptomonas species, the nuclear-encoded internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), partial large subunit (LSU) and small subunit ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and chloroplast-encoded psbA and LSU rDNA sequences were determined and used for phylogenetic analyses, using Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods. In addition, nuclear-encoded ITS2 sequences were predicted to secondary structures, and were used to determine nine species and four unidentified species from 47 strains. Sequences of helix I, II, and IIIb in ITS2 secondary structure were very useful for the identification of Cryptomonas species. However, the helix IV was the most variable region across species in alignment. The phylogenetic tree showed that fourteen species were monophyletic. However, some strains of C. obovata had chloroplasts with pyrenoid while others were without pyrenoid, which used as a key character in few species. Therefore, classification systems depending solely on morphological characters are inadequate, and require the use of molecular data.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 2021

A fungal strain was isolated from a soil sample collected in Korea and designated as YW23-8. Based on a sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the isolate was assigned to the genus Sarcopodium. Moreover, a phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences of the ITS regions and the large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA (LSU) gene showed that the strain YW23-8 occupies a distinct phylogenetic position within Sarcopodium. The isolate had significant differences from its closest neighbors, S. circinosetiferum, S. circinatum, S. macalpinei, and S. vanillae. Morphological features such as different conidial structures, the absence of septation in conidia, and the presence of milky white watery droplets along with the results of the phylogenetic analysis clearly distinguish YW23-8 from the closest Sarcopodium species. We therefore conclude that strain YW23-8 represents a novel species of the genus Sarcopodium for which we propose the name Sarcopodium terrigenum.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2014

The petal and sepal micromorphology of five species of Glechoma (Lamiaceae) was investigated to evaluate their taxonomic significance, and a molecular phylogeny using the sequences of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA was carried out to resolve their phylogenetic relationships. Stomatal complexes were mostly found in the inner and outer part of the sepal from all investigated taxa, and the size length of the guard cell was variable among the taxa. Five types of trichomes (uni-cellular non-glandular trichome, multi-cellular non-glandular trichome, short-stalked capitate glandular trichome, long-stalked capitate glandular trichome, and peltate glandular trichome) were variable among the taxa as well as their distribution and density. In molecular phylogenetic studies, the genus Glechoma was composed of three geographically distinct major monophyletic groups (Europe-U.S.A., China-Korea, Japan). G. longituba in Korea and China formed well-supported monophyletic group. G. hederacea in Europe and U.S.A. formed a monophyletic and well-supported clade with G. sardoa, which are endemic species in Italy, with G. hirsuta falling as a sister to this clade. However, G. grandis did not form any phylogenetic relationships with the remaining taxa. The ITS analyses provided taxonomic boundaries of taxa in Glechoma although the petal and sepal micromorphological characters provided weak evidences of the systematic value. As further studies, incorporating more DNA regions to the matrix including other additional morphological analysis will be significant to provide clearer taxonomic structure in Glechoma.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.519-525
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• 1998

Intraspecific genetic diversity of Korean isolates of Phytophthora drechsleri was investigated based on PCR-RFLP of rDNA along with closely related species in the genus; P. cryptogea, P. melonis, P. erythroseptica, P. cinnamomi, P. cambivora and P. cactorum. Gene regions of nuclear small subunit and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) in rDNA were amplified with polymerase chain reaction and digested with 9 restriction enzymes. Phytophthora species was readily differentiated from each other based on the digestion patterns, however, P. cryptogea was not separable from some isolates of P. drechsleri. Twenty one isolates of P. drechsleri originated from 15 host plants were divided into three distinct groups designated as PdG1, PdG2 and PdG3, respectively. Four isolates in PdG1 were originated from green vegetables and tomato and nine isolates in PdG2 were mainly isolated from medicinal plants. The two groups showed 95.3% homology and four isolates of P. cyptogea came under the groups. However, Eight isolates in PdG3 collected from cucurbits were clearly differentiated from those of PdG1 and PdG2 by 66.5% homology, but completely matched with a Taiwan isolate of P. melonis. Results indicated that three distinct groups exist in Korean isolates of P. drechleri and each group has host preference. In addition, reclassification of the cucurbits isolates are reserved because of their distinct genetic characters from other intraspecific groups in P. drechsleri.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.91-108
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• 2006

Phylogenetic analyses were conducted to evaluate evolution and relationship of 16 taxa of Korean Geranium including 3 outgroups using ITS (internal transcribed spacer) squences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic studies used most parsimony and neighbor-joining methods including bootstrapping and jackknifing analysis. As the result, Korean Geranium forms monophyletic group. In the parsimony tree G. koraiense var. hallasanense situated as the most basal clade and Erianthum group forms one clade by high bootstrap ans jackknife values (100% of bootstrap and jackknife values). G.dahuricum as one of the Krameri group is closely related with Palustre group by very weak relationship (37% of bootstrap and 44% of jackknife values) and the node collapse in the strict tree. G. Knuthii which was one of wilfordii group is closely related with Koreanum group. G. sibiricum, one of Sibiricum group, is the most closest relationship with G. soboliferum and these species are sister to G. krameri. G. tripartitum and G. wilfordii which are wilfordii group are linked to G. nepalense, G. thunbergii f. pallidum and G. thunbergii. This result suggested that the phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences should be useful to address phylogenetic questions on the genus Korean Geranium.