• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.225-228
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• 2004

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an important enzyme which catalyzes superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide. A Cu, Zn sod-like gene was found in Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus encoding 151 amino acids. To demonstrate its function, a recombinant virus named dsBmNPV with deleted sod gene was constructed. It was discovered that the sod gene was not essential for viral replication. Studies on growth of budded virus in BmN cells and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in vivo after dsBmNPV infection showed that the titer of dsBmNPV decreased obviously comparing to wild type BmNPV, the sod gene was effective on genomic DNA replication of baculovirus, the peak of SOD activity of silkworm infected with wt-BmNPV appeared between 36 and 48 hrs post infection, and with dsBmNPV, it did not appear. And the changes of CAT activity after infection were similar to SOD activity.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1995.10b
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• pp.335.2-335
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• 1995

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.252-256
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• 1990

Viral insecticides were formulated with Spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus and different U.V. protectants based on white carbon, molasses, and white carbon and molasses mixture to use as microbial control agents. Effect of rainfall on the attachment of formulated viruses to leaves was no different between the treated and the non-treated experiment. Persistence of the formulations was lated 5 days on the surface-sprayed leaves and 12 days on the under-sprayed leaves which was showing 60% mortality. Total mortality of the viral insecticides was more than 97% with no differences among them. Field evaluation of three viral insecticides in soybean field was very successful then carried out in Chinju, a southern part of Korea. Mortality by the formulation in the field during 14 days was more than 93%, but the formulations contained molasses showed phytotoxicity on soybean leaves. Spray effect of the viral insecticides was begun to appear from 7 days later than that of chemical insecticide.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.131-137
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• 1996

The sequences of p10 gene its promoter of Hyphantria cunea NPV were determined. According to the sequence analysis, the putative p10 gene ORF has 285 bp. The 5'-non-coding leader sequence of the p10 gene promoter contained the TATA box and the putative transcription initiation site TAAG motif. Poly (A) tail signals, AATAAA sequence was at site 65 base upstream from the 3' terminus. The deduced amino acid sequence of p10 protein was 95 with a predicted molecular weight of 10.26 kDa. In the p10 protein sequence, a hydrophobic region was present at the N-terminus of the protein, whereas the C-terminus was highly hydrophilic. The p10 protein of H. cunea NPV did not contain cysteine, histidine, trytophan, tryptophane, tyrosine, glutamine and asparagine residues.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1994

Nuclear polyhedrosis virus was successfully infected the continuous Sf cell line. At 12hrs post-infectio(P.I), the cell lost the motility and the nuclei of the cells were hypertrophied. At 24hrs P.I, the cells were somewhat abnormal form and PIB formation was observed. At 48hrs, the PIBs formed in all cells. PIBs in the nuclei were released in the culture media at 72hrs P.I. By the observation of NPV morphogenesis by electron microscopy at 13hrs P. I, the virogenic stroma formed in the nucleus, and nucleocapsids formed. At 48hrs P.I, many nucleocapsids were bundled and then occluded in PIB, and PIBs were matured. PIB shapes were mostly tetragonal and a polyhedron was about $3{\sim}10{\mu}m$ in size. Virions were rod shape. nucleocapsids ranging in size $30{\sim}40{\times}300{\sim}400nm$.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.212-218
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• 1991

Pathogenicity of Spodoptera exigua nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SeMNPV) against the host insect and 8 species of lepidopterous insects and cross infection of baculoviruses to third instar of S. exigua larvae were studied to determine as a biocontrol agent for S. exigua. The median lethal concentrations($LC_{50}$)of the SeMNPV to egg mass was $2.855\times10^5$ PIBs/ml and higher than that to the larvae of S. exigua. Mortality of the SeMNPV in third ins tar larvae was more increased than that in first and fifth instar of S. exigua larvae by 1.16 and 4.11 times, respectively. The median lethal times($LT_{50}$) to $1.56\times10^6$ PIBs/ml was in the range of 4.25 to 5.04 days. Infectivity of the SeMNPV against eight species of lepidopterous insects was showed only in the host insect, S. exigua. Autographa cali/ornica MNPV, Mamestra barassicae MNPV, and Trichoplusia ni MNPV were cross-infected to third instar of S. exigua larvae among ten of baculoviruses tested.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.219-224
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• 1988

Rearing of Spodoptera litura fed on arfificial diet basically formulated with kindby bean powder was much promisible for production of S. litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus(SINPV) than that on kidney bean leaves. The $LC_{50}$ of SINPV against 3rd and 5th instar were $4.48{\times}10^{3}$ PIB/ml and $4.52{\times}10^{4}$ PIB/ml, respectively. The $LC_{50}${/TEX} of SINPV varied from 5.8 days to 7.7 days at higher inocula in the testes. The larval growth of 1st and 3rd instar larvae fed on virus were much delayed and the larval were killed within 4th instar in the former and within 5th instar in latter. S. litura larvae were very susceptible to multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedsosis virus (MNPV) of Autographa californica, S. littoralis and Trichoplusia ni.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 1987

The intent of this research is to acquire some basic informations about formulation of the viral pesticide, Hyphantria cunea nuclear polyhedrosis virus and its virulence under field condition. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus was formulated as wettable powder using spreader, sticker and U.V. protector. The formulated product and aqueous virus were diluted with water at the concentration of 1${\times}$106PIB/ml and sprayed on mulberry leaves in the field. The leaves were fed with 3rd instar larvae of H. cunea to determine the inactivation period of the viral pesticides. The aqueous virus was completely inactivated on 5th day after spray, while the formulated one showed a spare mortality to the larvae even on 20th day after spray. In field application test, The fromulated and aqueous virus were sprayed on individual mulberry tree and 3rd instar laevae of H. cunea were fed on the trees. The mortality of the larvae one day after spray of the formulated and aqueous virus were about 50% and 40%, respectively. The formulated virus exhibited a persistent virulence to the larvae up to 9th day after spray, which the mortality was approximately 30%. The residual virulence of the formulated and aqueous virus was extended up to 4th day and 2nd day after spray, respectively.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2000

A novel recombinant baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ACNPV) producing the green fluorescent polyhedra was constructed and characterized. The recombinant virus was stably produced fluorescent polyhedra in the infected cells and the morphology of the polyhedra was nearly similar to that of wild-type AcNPV. For the production of the fluorescent polyhedral the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was introduced under the control of polyhedrin gene promoter of AcNPV by translational fusion in the front and back of intact polyhedrin gene. The recombinant baculovirus was named as CXEP, As expected, the 93 kDa fusion protein was expressed in the CXEP-infected cells. Interestingly, however, the cells infected with CXEP also showed a 33 kDa protein band as cells infected with wild-type AcNPV. The results of Southern blot analysis and plaque assay suggested that two types of baculoviruses expressing the GFP fusion protein or only native polyhedrin were formed through homologous recombination between two polyhedrin genes in the same orientation. Thus, this system can be applied for the production of recombinant polyhedra with foreign gene product of diverse interest.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.18 no.1 s.38
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• pp.1-10
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• 1979

An inclusion forming virus isolated from a fan webworm, Hyphantria cunea, in 1975 was identified as a nuclear polyhedrosis virus. With the virus isolated in Korea, it was considered that the virus would be one of the valuable microorganism in microbial control. In this connection, 1) the shape and size of the virus for identification, 2) susceptibility of the various instar larvae to the virus, 3) the effects of storage condition on the pathogenicity and the cross infection of the virus to the larvae of Bombyx mori were examined. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The polyhedron was tetrahedron or hexahedron of $2\mu$ in size and the rod-shaped virus particles consisting of $2\~14$ rods in a bundle were $330m{\mu}\times35m{\mu}$ in size. 2. The hexagonal nuclear polyhedra were found only in the nucleus of the midgut cells but were variable in size. 3. The $LD_{50}$ values for the various instar larvae of H. cunea were $8.377\times10^4\;PIBs/ml$ for the second, $4.974\times10^5\;PIBs/ml$ for the fifth instar larvae. The $LT_{50}values$ for $10^6\;PIBs/ml$ were 9.6 days for the second, 11.5 days for the third, 12.0 days for the fourth and 17 days for the fifth instar larvae. 4. The susceptibility of H. cunea to the nuclear polyhedrosis virus was greater in the first generation than in the second generation. 5. The effect of the storage conditions on the pathogenicity of the nuclear polyhedra was less in refrigerator $(5^{\circ}C)$ and in freezing $(-80^{\circ}C)$ than in room temperature $(18.5^{\circ}C)$, especially as air-dried polyhedra than as suspension. The pathogenicity of the polyhedra seemed to decrease by sunlight during storage as cadavers, since rather greater decrease in pathogenicity was found in sunny condition than in shady condition. 6. The effective spray concentration was $6.4\times10^7\;PIBs/ml$ in the field and its $LT_50$ values for the third and the fifth instar larvae were 4.8 days and 14.2 days, respectively. 7. No cross infections were found in the nuclear polyhedrosis virus between H. cunea and B. mori. larvae.