• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
• /
• 2002.02a
• /
• pp.103-112
• /
• 2002

This paper aims to give an explanation of the combination of certain nouns and the verb ha-'do'. Although the verb ha-'do'normally takes an event type argument, it takes some substantival nouns such as paiolin 'violin', umsikcem 'restaurant', and so on. A substantival noun undergoes type shifting, because the governing verb ha-'do'coerces an entity type noun to an event reading, taking missing information from the qualia of the entity type noun. In addition, some nouns like ppallay 'laundry'are dot objects. The verb laking a dot objects selects a proper type between multiple subtypes of the dot object. Type pumping operation makes that selection possible.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.199-231
• /
• 2010

This study tried to contrast the relation-based and the dimension-based explanations and to suggest its implications on the noun-noun conceptual combination. In experiment 1, we investigated whether the dimension-based approach and intra-conceptual explanation can explain both thematic relational and property interpretations of conceptual combinations based upon the intrinsic and extrinsic features of constituent concepts. We defined intrinsic(or extrinsic) concepts according to the degree of dependency on intrinsic(or extrinsic) features. Property interpretation was facilitated when modifiers were the intrinsic concepts. This result implies that processing of conceptual combination can be influenced by the structures and information of constituent concepts. In experiment 2, exocentricity of the concepts used in Gagne(2000) was examined to reanalyze her data according to the dimension-based approach. The exocentricity was higher when the concepts were combined by their relational connections. Results of experiment 1 and 2 suggest the possibility that both approaches can be integrated through the diversities of information involved during interpreting conceptual combination. Implications and future directions of this study were discussed.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2014

Late talkers are young children who are delayed in their expressive language skills despite normal nonverbal cognitive ability, adequate hearing and typical personality development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the sentence interpretation strategies used by Korean-speaking late talkers and age-matched normal children. Nine late talkers and nine normal children matched by age at 30-35months were participated in this study. 27 simple noun-noun-verb(NNV) sentences were generated by factorial combination of case-marker [nominal case-marker on the first noun and accusative on the second (C1), accusative on the first noun and nominative on the second (C2), and no case markers on both nouns (C0)], and animacy of the nouns [animate-inanimate(AI), inanimate-animate(IA), animate-animate(AA)]. All the children were asked to "act out" their interpretation of the given sentence. For each type of sentences the percentage of choices of the first noun as the agent was calculated. The results of group (2) ${\times}$ animacy(3) ${\times}$ case-marker(3) mixed ANOVA showed a significant main effect for 'animacy', 'case marker' and 'group(2) ${\times}$ case-marker (3)'. The late talkers relied on semantic (animacy) cues in their interpretation of the sentences, while the normal peers utilized both animacy and grammatical morpheme (case-marker) cues. The results indicated that the late-talkers' comprehension skills were also delayed.

• Language and Information
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.77-100
• /
• 2004

This paper aims to account for direct combination of an entity type noun with the verb HA- 'do' (ex. piano-rul ha- 'piano-ACC do') in Korean, based on Generative Lexicon Theory (Pustejovsky, 1995). The verb HA-'do' coerces some entity type nouns (e.g., pap 'boiled rice') into event type ones, by virtue of the qualia of the nouns. Typically, a telic-based type coercion supplies individual predication to the HA- construction and an agentive-based type coercion evokes a stage-level interpretation. Type coercion has certain constraints on the choice of qualia. We further point out that qualia cannot be a warehouse of pragmatic information. Qualia are composed of necessary information to explain the lattice structure of lexical meaning and co-occurrence constraints, distinct from accidental information. Finally, we seriously consider co-composition as an alternative to type coercion for the crucial operation of type shift.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.95-102
• /
• 2004

This paper proposes a method of segmenting compound nouns which include unregistered nouns into a correct combination of unit nouns using characteristics of person's names, loanwords, and location names. Korean person's name is generally composed of 3 syllables, only relatively small number of syllables is used as last names, and the second and the third syllables combination is somewhat restrictive. Also many person's names appear with clue words in compound nouns. Most loanwords have one or more syllables which cannot appear in Korean words, or have sequences of syllables different from usual Korean words. Location names are generally used with clue words designating districts in compound nouns. Use of above characteristics to analyze compound nouns not only makes segmentation more accurate, helps natural language systems use semantic categories of those unregistered nouns. Experimental results show that the precision of our method is approximately 98% on average. The precision of human names and loanwords recognition is about 94% and about 92% respectively.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.33-37
• /
• 2007

Semantic clustering is important to various fields in the modem information society. In this work we applied the Independent Component Analysis method to the extraction of the features of latent concepts. We used verb and object noun information and formulated a concept as a linear combination of verbs. The proposed method is shown to be suitable for our framework and it performs better than a hierarchical clustering in latent semantic space for finding out invisible information from the data.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 2003.10d
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2003

한국어에서는 복합 명사 생성이 매우 자유스럽다. 즉, 독립된 명사를 연속으로 붙여 쓰는 것이 가능하다. 하지만, 기계번역이나 정보 검색과 같이 복합 명사를 처리하는 시스템에서 정확한 분석을 위해서는 복합 명사를 다시 단일 명사들로 분해하는 과정이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 한국어 복합 명사 분해를 위해 GECORAM(GEneralized Combination of Rule-based learning And Memory-based learning) 알고리듬을 제시한다. 규칙 학습 알고리듬의 장점은 생성된 학습 결과를 사람이 쉽게 이해할 수 있다는 점이지만, 다른 지도학습 알고리듬에 비해 성능이 떨어진다는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이를 위해 규칙 학습 알고리듬과 기억기반 학습을 결합하는 방법을 제시한다. 실험 결과, GECORAM 알고리듬은 규칙 기반 학습이나 기억 기반 학습을 단독으로 쓰는 경우보다 높은 정확도를 보였다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.53-74
• /
• 2006

Similarity has been considered as one of basic concepts of cognitive psychology which is useful for explaining cognitive structure and process. MDS models(Shepard, 1964; Nosofsky, 1991) and Contrast model(Tversky, 1977) were proposed as early models of similarity comparison process. But, there have been a lot of theoretical doubts about the conceptual validity of similarity as a result of empirical findings which could not be explained by early models. Goldstone(1994) assumed that similarity could be defined by alignment processes, and suggested structural alignment as a prospective alternative for solving conceptual controversies so far. In this study, basic assumption and algorithms of MDS models(Shepard, 1944; Nosofsky, 1991) and Contrast model(Tversky, 1977) were described shortly and some theoretical limitations such as arbitrariness of selective attention and correlated structures were discussed as well. The conceptual characteristics and algorithms of SIAM(Goldstone, 1994) were described and how it has been applied to cognitive psychology areas such as categorization, conceptual combination, and analogical reasoning were reviewed. Finally, some theoretical limitations related with data-driven processing and alternative processing and possible directions for structural alignment were discussed.

• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.187-200
• /
• 2002

The purpose of the present study is to see in terms of $F_{0}$ variation in Japanese how discourse focus and the lexical word accent interact with each other in realizing overall intonation patterns. Discourse focus causes prosodic restructuring of phrase structures and, as a result, largely affects pitch contours, whereas the lexical word accent is said to delimit the $F_{0}$ into a certain range. Measurement of $F_{0}$ was made of utterances of Japanese sentences to observe behavior of pitch contours with varied focus assignment and lexical accent specifications. The utterances were obtained in question-answer discourse contexts so that in a sentence, either one NP was always focused or no focus was assigned. I set four points for $F_{0}$ measurement; $F_{1s},F_{1m}, F_{2s}$, and $F_{2m}$, two for each noun phrase corresponding to $F_{0}$ at the beginning of the first syllable and that of the vocalic portion of the second syllable in the two NP's. The results of present study were as follows: (1) for all combination of lexical accent types, the $F_{0}$ rise both in NP1 and NP2 are higher when focused than when not focused. (2) NP2 starts a new accentual phrase when focused, showing even higher $F_{0}$ than NP1, the latter of which implies that in forming a new accentual phrase by focusing, catathesis does not seem to take effect on NP2 preceded by accented NP1. (3) unfocused NP2 preceded by unaccented NP1 has higher $F_{0}$ than those preceded by accented NP1.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.38
• /
• pp.433-459
• /
• 2015

This paper aims at a better understanding of the concept of korean separable syntactic atom, of which inner parts is separable in syntax, and at examining whether or not this concept can apply to derivatives, functional complex constructions, idiomatic expressions in korean. I defined a syntactic atom as a minimum unit which is drawn directly from lexicon and then is applied to syntactic rules. And I insist that so-called 'lexical island constraint' has some problems and that the syntactic rules can be applied to inner parts of syntactic atom, if the syntactic rules is irrelevant to new syntactic atom formation. The greater part of derivatives is non-separable syntactic atoms. But the likes of '반짝거리다', '죄송스럽다', '칭얼대다' are the separable syntactic atoms. The degree of separability of them is different in the insertion of korean particles or negative adverbs and the omission of root of sytactic atom. The derivatives of 'X-적', of which roots is regular nominal roots, permit the syntactic link between roots and the syntactic combination of the root and its argument. These kinds of derivatives is separable syntactic atoms. Also the derivatives of 'bracket paradox' and 'X-답-' derivatives is separable syntactic atoms. All functional complex constructions are not separable syntactic atoms. According to the degree of grammaticalization, inner parts of some are separable, some is non-separable. Separable functional complex constructions only permit the switching of endings or Josas but not application of other syntactic rules. All idiomatic expressions which are composed of two or more syntactic atoms are separable syntactic atoms. Some of them have so strong separability to allow the insertion of syntactic atom, adverb or adnominal modification and the noun in idiomatic expression to become the head of the relative clause. And some idiomatic expressions which have weak separability only permit interrogative's substitution or form change in fraction of idiomatic expressions.