• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.733-753
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• 1994

해수면의 장주기변동을 알기 위하여 우리나라, 일본, 러시아의 103개 조위관측점의 월평균 해수면을 분석하였다. 기압보정에는 조위관측점 부근의 기상관측점에서 관측된 월평균 해수면기압을 사용하였다. 계절변화는 대부분의 해역에서 지배적이며, 대마해류역 해안에서 가장 크고 러시아 해안에서 가장 작다. 계절변화의 상호상관관계는 대마해류역 해안 사이에서 가장 크다. 이 부속해에서는 계절변화가 대마해류와 관계를 갖고 있는 것으로 보인다. 계절변화는 남쪽에서 북쪽 뿐만 아니라 서쪽에서 동쪽으로도 전파되고 있다. 반면에, 계절변화보다 장주기의 변화는 태평양 연안에서 가장 큰 진폭과 가장 빠른 위상을 보여, 장주기의 변화는 태평양에서 부터 전파되어 오는 것을 보여준다. 계절변화보다 짧은 주기의 변화는 일반적으로 상관관계가 낮다. 이들의 상관관계 값들은 해역사이에 특별한 차이를 보이지 않으며, 거리에 반비례하는 공통적인 경향을 보이고 있다. 이것은 짧은 주기의 파들이 전해역에 걸쳐 발생하여 모든 방향으로 전파되고 있으며 빨리 소멸한다는 것을 의미한다. 1965부터 1985년 동안 이 해역에서 해수면변화의 경향은 일반적으로 태평양연안에서 음의 기울기를 다른 해역이 양의 기울기를 갖는다. 이러한 경향으로 인해 제주와 Sasebo사이의 평균 해수수송량은 이 기간동안 약 1 Sv의 유량이 줄어들 수 있다. 해수면 차이로부터 계산한 수송량의 계절변화는 대한해협에서 2 Sv 정도로 이미 발표된 다른 연구 보고와 비슷하다.

• 대기
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.55-70
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• 2008

The global time slice approach is a transient experiment using high resolution atmosphere-only model with boundary condition from the low resolution globally coupled ocean-atmosphere model. The present study employs this "time slice concept" using ECHAM4 atmosphere-only model at a horizontal resolution of T106 with the lower boundary forcing obtained from a lower-resolution (T42) greenhouse gas + aerosol forcing experiment performed using the ECHO-G/S (ECHAM4/HOPE-G) coupled model. In order to assess the impact of horizontal resolution on simulated East Asian summer monsoon climate, the differences in climate response between the time slice experiments of the present and that of IPCC SRES AR4 participating 21 models including coarser (T30) coupled model are compared. The higher resolution model from time slice experiment in the present climate show successful performance in simulating the northward migration and the location of the maximum rainfall during the rainy season over East Asia, although its rainfall amount was somewhat weak compared to the observation. Based on the present climate simulation, the possible change of East Asian summer monsoon rainfall in the future climate by the IPCC SRES A1B scenario, tends to be increased especially over the eastern part of Japan during July and September. The increase of the precipitation over this region seems to be related with the weakening of northwestern part of North Pacific High and the formation of anticyclonic flow over the south of Yangtze River in the future climate.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.174-183
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• 2017

The background level and timely variation characteristics of atmospheric $^{222}Rn$ concentrations have been evaluated by the real time monitoring at Gosan site of Jeju Island, Korea, during 2008~2015. The average concentration of atmospheric radon was $2,480mBq\;m^{-3}$ for the study period. The cyclic seasonality of radon was characterized such as winter maximum and summer minimum, consistent with the reduction in terrestrial fetch going to summer. On monthly variations of radon, the mean concentration in October was the highest as $3,041mBq\;m^{-3}$, almost twice as that in July ($1,481mBq\;m^{-3}$). The diurnal radon concentrations increased throughout the nighttime approaching to the maximum ($2,819mBq\;m^{-3}$) at around 7 a.m., and then gradually decreased throughout the daytime by the minimum ($2,069mBq\;m^{-3}$) at around 3 p.m. The diurnal radon cycle in winter showed comparatively small amplitude due to little variability in atmospheric mixing depth, conversely, large amplitude was observed in summer due to relatively a big change in atmospheric mixing depth. The cluster back-trajectories of air masses showed that the high radon events occurred by the predominant continental fetch over through Asia continent, and the radon concentrations from China continent were about 1.9 times higher on the whole than those from the North Pacific Ocean. The concentrations of $PM_{10}$ also increased in proportion to the high radon concentrations, showing a good linear correlation between $PM_{10}$ and radon concentrations.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2014

Biting midges (Culicoides: Ceratopogonidae) were collected by Mosquito Magnet$^{(R)}$ traps at the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission (NNSC) camp and Daeseongdong village inside the demilitarized zone (DMZ) and near the military demarcation line (MDL) separating North and South Korea and at Warrior Base (US Army training site) and Tongilchon 3 km south of the DMZ in northern Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea (ROK), from May-October 2010-2012, to determine their seasonal distributions. A total of 18,647 Culicoides females (18,399; 98.7%) and males (248; 1.3%) comprising 16 species were collected. Overall, the most commonly collected species was Culicoides nipponensis (42.9%), followed by C. erairai (29.2%), C. punctatus (20.3%), C. arakawae (3.3%), C. pallidulus (1.8%), and C. circumscriptus (1.4%), while the remaining 10 species accounted for only 1.1% of all Culicoides spp. collected. The seasonal distribution of C. nipponensis was bimodal, with high numbers collected during May-June and again during September. C. erairai was more frequently collected during June-July, followed by sharply decreased populations from August-October. C. punctatus was collected in low numbers from May-September with high numbers collected during October. C. erairai was predominantly collected from the NNSC camp (85.1% of all C. erairai collected) located adjacent to the MDL at Panmunjeom in the northernmost part of Gyeonggi-do (Province), while other sites yielded low numbers of specimens.

• 대기
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.277-295
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• 2022

The global weather prediction model, Korean Integrated Model (KIM), has been in operation since April 2020 by the Korea Meteorological Administration. This study assessed the performance of heat waves (HWs) in Korea in 2020. Case experiments during 2018-2020 were conducted to support the reliability of assessment, and the factors which affect predictability of the HWs were analyzed. Simulated expansion and retreat of the Tibetan High and North Pacific High during the 2020 HW had a good agreement with the analysis. However, the model showed significant cold biases in the maximum surface temperature. It was found that the temperature bias was highly related to underestimation of downward shortwave radiation at surface, which was linked to cloudiness. KIM tended to overestimate nighttime clouds that delayed the dissipation of cloud in the morning, which affected the shortage of downward solar radiation. The vertical profiles of temperature and moisture showed that cold bias and trapped moisture in the lower atmosphere produce favorable conditions for cloud formation over the Yellow Sea, which affected overestimation of cloud in downwind land. Sensitivity test was performed to reduce model bias, which was done by modulating moisture mixing parameter in the boundary layer scheme. Results indicated that the daytime temperature errors were reduced by increase in surface solar irradiance with enhanced cloud dissipation. This study suggested that not only the synoptic features but also the accuracy of low-level temperature and moisture condition played an important role in predicting the maximum temperature during the HWs in medium-range forecasts.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.86-96
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• 2013

The realtime monitoring of radon ($^{222}Rn$) concentrations has been carried out from Gosan site, Jeju Island for three years of 2006~2008, in order to evaluate the background level and timely variational characteristics of atmospheric radon. The mean concentration of radon measured during the studying period was $2965mBq/m^3$ with its annual mean values in the range of $2768{\sim}3124mBq/m^3$. The relative ordering of the seasonal mean concentrations was seemed to vary such as winter ($3578mBq/m^3$) > fall ($3351mBq/m^3$) > spring ($2832mBq/m^3$) > summer ($2073mBq/m^3$). The monthly mean concentrations were in the order of Jan>Feb>Oct>Nov>Dec>Mar> Sep>Apr>May>Jun>Aug>Jul, so that the highest January value ($3713mBq/m^3$) exceeded almost twice as the July minimum ($1946mBq/m^3$). The hourly concentrations in a day showed the highest level ($3356mBq/m^3$) at around 7 a.m., increasing during nighttime, while reaching the lowest ($2574mBq/m^3$) at around 3 p.m. From the backward trajectory analysis for a continental fetch of radon, the high concentrations (10%) of radon matched with the air mass moving from the Asia continent to Jeju area. In contrast, the low concentrations (10%) of radon were generally correlated with the air mass of the North Pacific Ocean. In comparison by sectional inflow pathways of air mass, the radon concentrations were relatively high from the north China and the Korean peninsula.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.395-404
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• 2014

한국해양과학기술원에서는 심해열수광상탐사를 위하여 2009년에 남서태평양 라우분지의 열수광상유망지역에 대하여 지구물리조사를 실시하였다. 그 중 TA19-1 해산과 TA19-2 해산에 대한 해상자력탐사 결과를 이용하여 이 해산들의 지자기 특성을 분석하였다. TA19-1 해산은 단순한 1개의 원추형 형태로 정상부는 함몰된 칼데라를 가진다. TA19-2 해산은 TA19-1 해산에 비해 규모가 크고 대규모 함몰대를 가진 칼데라가 나타나고, 칼데라 서쪽으로 정상부가 나타나며 능선들도 여러개 존재하는 형태로서 TA19-1 해산에 비해 복잡한 해저지형을 가지고 있다. TA19-1 해산의 자기이상은 정상부를 중심으로 북쪽에는 고이상대가 남쪽에는 저이상대가 나타나는 단순 쌍극자 이상 형태로 분포하고 있다. TA19-2 해산의 자기이상은 해산 북쪽 사면에 고이상대들이 위치하고 있고, 칼데라 서쪽에 위치한 정상부를 중심으로 고이상대가 나타나고 그 주변 및 칼데라 주위로 저이상대가 분포하며 TA19-1 해산에 비교하여 복잡한 형태의 자기이상을 나타낸다. 해저지형, 지자기 자료의 결과는 TA19-2 해산이 TA19-1 해산에 비해 복잡한 화산활동의 결과로 형성되었다는 것을 지시한다. 열수분출대의 가능성이 높은 저자화이상대들은 주로 해산의 정상부 및 칼데라와 칼데라 주변부에 주로 나타나는데 이는 단층 및 균열 등에 따른 열수 분출에 의한 암석 변질의 영향 등으로 판단되며, 정상부와 칼데라 내에 나타나는 높은 고자화대는 volcanic sill, intrusion 등 후기 화성활동과 연관성이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.6825-6830
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• 2015

Opisthorchis viverrini is remains a public health problem in Thailand, particularly in the northeast and north regions which have the highest incidences of chonalgiocarcinoma (CCA). O. viverrini causes the disease opithorchiasis, and its has been classified as a group 1 biological carcinogen. Humans, dogs, and cats become infected with O. viverrini by ingesting raw or undercooked fish containing infective metacercariae. The first human cases of O. viverrini infection were reported in Thailand 100 years ago, and it's still a problem at the community level. Based on data for the year 2009, more than 6 million people were infected with O. viverrini. Associated medical care and loss of wages in Thailand costs about $120 million annually. This review highlights the current status of O. viverrini infection in communities of Thailand through active surveillance for the five years period from 2010 and 2015. A total of 17 community-based surveys were conducted, most in the northeast region. Some 7 surveys demonstrated a high prevalence over 20%, and the highest was 45.7%. Most commonly infection was found in age group of 35 years and older, males, and agricultural workers. Although, the national prevalence may be decreasing but the results show that the O. viverrini infection is still high in communities of the northeast region. Therefore, the focus in populations living in northeast Thailand should be screening of infection and changing their eating behavior.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3931-3936
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• 2013

Background: Iran is a country with very high incidences of stomach cancer, especially in Northern parts. Here we assessed prognostic value of serum screening biomarkers among people >50 years old for early detection of precancerous lesions in a hot spot for gastric carcinoma in Guilan Province, North Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted on 1,390 residents of Lashtenasha city with the mean age (SD) of 61.8 (9.02) years old (50.8% females) to assess the association of gastrin and the pepsinogen (PG) I/II ratio with premalignant gastric lesions. Blood samples were taken for CBC, blood group, and serologic exams (PGI, PGII, and gastrin 17) from each subject. Expert gastroenterologists performed upper GI endoscopy and ROC curves were generated to determine appropriate cutoff points. Results: Mean values of PGI, PGII, PGI/PGII and gastrin were significantly different between patients with and without atrophy or metaplasia (P<0.05). To diagnose atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, a significantly higher AUC was observed for the PGI/PGII ratio (70 and 72%, respectively) compared to the PGI (56, 55%), PGII (63, 64%) and gastrin (59, 61%) (all p<0.001). Conclusions: Biomarker tests such as the PGI/II ratio can be used in the screening and diagnosis of subjects at high gastric cancer risk in our region.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2015

Purpose: The aims of this case-control study were to assess the correlation between some food habits in the last two decades and gastric cancer in East Azerbaijan of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this hospital based case control study, 616 patients (212 gastric cancer patients, 404 cancer free patients) were recruited. Food habits of patients over the past two decades were assessed with a structured questionnaire. We used conditional logistic regression analysis for estimating crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: In this study, over-eating, consumption of high fat milk and yogurt and especial types of cheese increased the risk of gastric cancer (All<0.05). Consumption of such especial cheeses such as Koze and Khiki increased the risk of gastric cancer by 12.6 fold (95% CI:1.99-79.36) and 7.36 fold (95% CI:1.33-40.54), respectively. In addition, high fat food, moldy food, and pickled vegetables consumption as well as reuse of cooking oil for frying were significantly associated with gastric cancer risk. Furthermore, intake of Ghorme (deep fried meat) was positively correlated with gastric cancer risk (OR:1.31;95%CI: 0.91-1.87). Conclusions: It can be confirmed that particular food habits which have been very common in East-Azerbaijan in the last two past decades increase risk of gastric cancer. According to our results and taking into account the long latency period of gastric cancer it can be concluded that nutrition education for a healthy diet should be performed from early childhood. However, further well designed cohort studies are needed to achieve more clear results.