• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.182-189
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of parenting stress in North Korean refugee fathers on their parenting behavior. Methods: A descriptive study design was used. Data were collected during 2014 and 2015 in a settlement support center for North Korean refugees and 99 North Korean refugee fathers participated. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Results: Warmth encouragement parenting behavior received the highest score. The score for parenting stress was 81.98 out of 180, and 32.3% of participants were found to need professional help (${\geq}PSI\;90$). There were significant negative correlations between warmth encouragement parenting behavior and parenting stress. There were also significant positive correlations between rejection neglect parenting behavior and parenting stress. Predictors of warmth encouragement behavior were parent-child dysfunctional interaction which explained 10.1% of the variance. Predictors of rejection neglect behavior were parent-child dysfunctional interaction, number of children and wife's education level which explained 33.4% of the variance. Conclusion: Findings show that North Korean refugee fathers' parenting stress significantly influenced warmth encouragement and rejection neglect parenting behavior indicating a need to identify ways to decrease parenting stress. Parenting education can guide North Korean refugee fathers to strengthen parent-child positive interactions and therefore promote their children's growth and development.

• 아동학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.103-122
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the variables affecting parenting efficacy of North Korean refugee mothers. The selected variables were marital satisfaction, social support, and acculturation. The participants consisted of 105 mothers who had defected from North Korea with preschool children living in Seoul, Gwangmyeong-si, and Gyeongsangnam-do provinces. The data thus collected were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-tests, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that the marital satisfaction and social support had meaningfully positive effects on the parenting efficacy of North Korean refugee mothers. However, marginalization was found to be a predictor of competence-anxiety in parenting. The selected variables derived from the environmental systems in maternal parenting were significant factors in the parenting efficacy of North Korean refugee mothers and furthermore, their sociocultural environments were also important in parenting. These findings clearly showed that marital satisfaction and social support were the most significant variables of parenting efficacy of North Korean refugee mothers. The results of this study appear to have a great deal of utility as preliminary data to improve the parenting efficacy of North Korean refugee mothers.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.269-279
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigated the factors that influence parenting stress, including hardiness, parent-child interactions, and social support, to provide basic data for developing a program to reduce parenting stress in North Korean refugee mothers. Methods: A descriptive study design was used. Data were collected between September and December 2021, and 123 North Korean refugee mothers participated. Results: The mean scores were 69.42 out of 135 for hardiness, 48.45 out of 144 for interactions, 47.32 out of 90 for social support, and 51.84 out of 90 for parenting stress. The parental distress score was higher than that of child-related stress. Hardiness was significantly related to North Korean refugee mothers' parenting stress. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the explanatory power for hardiness and the number of supporters was approximately 19% for parenting stress (F=6.84, p<.001). As such, the factors with a relatively strong influence on parenting stress were hardiness (β=-.40, p<.001) and having four or more supporters (β=-.27, p=.027). Conclusion: This study's findings suggest the need to identify ways to increase North Korean refugee mothers' psychological hardiness and encourage them to extend their sources of social support and enhance their style of parenting.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2013

목적 본 연구의 목적은 북한이탈 어머니의 영유아 자녀 양육 경험이 무엇인지 그 경험 과정을 확인하고, 양육과정을 통해 심리사회적 문제를 어떻게 해결하는가에 대한 실체이론을 개발하는 것이다. 방법 연구참여자는 이론적 표본추출을 통하여 선정하였고 연구 자료는 심층면담과 참여관찰 및 참여자의 의무기록 등을 사용하여 수집한 후 Strauss와 Corbin (1998)의 근거이론방법을 적용하여 분석하였다. 결과 연구 결과 개방코딩 과정에서 62개의 개념과 23개의 하위범주, 11개의 범주가 도출되었으며 북한이탈 어머니의 영유아 자녀 양육 과정의 핵심범주는 '희망을 가지고 키워가기'로 밝혀졌다. 시간 흐름에 따른 양육 과정은 '양육 환경 변화 인식기', '양육 방법 조정기', '자신감 형성기'의 3단계로 나타났으며 양육 과정의 유형은 기대하기형, 지켜보기형, 걱정하기형의 세 가지 유형으로 구분되었다. 결론 본 연구의 결과는 영유아 자녀를 돌보는 북한이탈 어머니들의 양육경험을 이해하고 개별적인 간호를 제공하는데 기초가 될 이론적 기틀로 활용할 수 있을 것이며 북한이탈주민이 급증하고 이에 따라 동반 입국하는 아동의 수도 함께 증가하고 있는 현 시점에서 이 아동들의 건강 유지 및 증진을 위한 간호 실무에 매우 중요한 초석이 될 것이다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.129-141
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• 2024

Purpose: The study investigated the relationships between key variables, including the level of parenting knowledge, acculturative stress, depression, and the strengths and difficulties associated with their children's emotions and behavior, among North Korean refugee mothers who faced the challenging task of adapting to Korean society while raising their children. Methods: A descriptive study design was used. Data were collected from 130 North Korean refugee mothers between September and November 2023. Results: The participants had very limited parenting knowledge, and 82.3% of them scored 21 or higher on the depression scale used in community epidemiological studies. Higher levels of parenting knowledge and lower levels of depression were associated with lower levels of acculturative stress. Moreover, higher levels of depression were associated with more emotional and behavioral difficulties in children. Maternal depression, age, and employment status were identified as factors that influenced emotional and behavioral problems in preschool-aged children. Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of providing parent education and mental health support programs for North Korean refugee families in order to improve parents' parenting skills and emotional well-being.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.216-226
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and attitude on tuberculosis by parents of North Korean refugees' children. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted. Data were collected from July to November, 2014 in Hanawon and 74 North Korean refugee parents participated in the study. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0. Results: The score for knowledge was 17.72 out of 30 points, for awareness in attitude, 49.34 out of 60 points and for prevention behavior in attitude, 48.39 out of 60 points. There were positive significant correlations among knowledge, attitude and health interest. There was also a significant positive correlation between awareness and prevention behavior in attitude, and between prevention behavior and health interest. Conclusion: North Korean refugee parents showed a low level of knowledge and a negative attitude. The implication of these results is an awareness of the need for education on the causes, transmission and importance of treatment for tuberculosis. This kind of education can guide North Korean refugee parents to obtain correct information and positive attitudes and therefore, be able to effectively practice appropriate health behaviors in tuberculosis management for their children.

• 아동학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.17-36
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• 2016

Objective: Taking note of the fact that North Korean refugee children experience frequent separation from their mothers and long-term maternal deprivation during their childhood, this study examined the relationship between children's separation experiences and attachment. Methods: A total of 37 children aged from 5 to 9 were assessed on their attachment using the Separation Anxiety Test, and their mothers reported on their child's separation experiences. Results and Conclusion: The major findings of this study were as follows: first, the result of evaluating their attachment pattern showed North Korean refugee children had a high level of insecure attachment with a high tendency for avoidant attachment. This avoidant attachment tendency is probably due to growing up in a repressed emotional environment by frequently experiencing maternal separation in North Korea, China, and even after settling down in South Korea. Second, children's secure attachment level was higher if they did not experience separation from their mother, if their mother had a high level of education in South Korea, or if they lived with a big family.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.72-83
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• 2023

Purpose: North Korean refugee women struggle with the double burden of adaptation and parenting as mothers in a new environment. This study aimed to identify the knowledge, confidence, and educational needs regarding newborn care among North Korean refugees, and to determine differences between these variables according to participants' characteristics. Methods: Data were collected from September to October 2022, and 150 North Korean refugee women recruited using convenience sampling participated in the study. Descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis were used for data analysis. Results: The mean scores were as follows: parenting knowledge, 14.97 out of 25; infection prevention knowledge and confidence, 20.09 out of 33 and 51.37 out of 80, respectively; and educational needs, 245.86 out of 310. Significant differences were observed in newborn care, knowledge, and confidence according to maternal age, educational level, family structure, and pregnancy history. Significant positive correlations were observed between the participants' newborn care knowledge, confidence, and educational needs. Conclusion: Personalized educational programs should be implemented to enhance North Korean refugee women's confidence in newborn care, focusing on areas with low knowledge levels and high educational needs and enabling women to achieve healthy pregnancy and childbirth, and to parent well.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.333-343
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• 2017

이 연구는 한 탈북아동의 초등학교에서의 삶에 대한 내러티브이다. 탈북 이후 남한의 한 초등학교에 편입한 아이가 배드민턴 스포츠클럽 활동을 통해 적응해 가는 모습을 서술적으로 풀어내고자 하였다. 2017년 초 겨울동안 수집된 자료는 Spradley의 분석 방법을 이용하여 연구텍스트를 분석하고 내러티브로 구성하였다. 연구결과를 보면 동식이의 처음 남한에서의 생활은 불행했다. 그러나 우연한 기회에 배드민턴 활동을 하면서 생활은 많은 변화가 생겼고 자신의 미래에 대한 꿈을 갖게 되었다. 최교사는 동식이와의 첫 만남을 기억했다. 말을 하지 않는 아이였다. 이후 오랫동안 동식이의 입은 열리지 않았다. 그런 동식이가 배드민턴에 몰두하게 되면서 자신의 꿈을 말하는 아이로 변했다. 동식이와 같은 탈북아동에 대한 교육은 근본적인 측면에서 방향이 중요하다. 탈북아동만을 위한 지원책이 아닌 탈북아동과 일반아동이 서로 다르게 보지 않고 함께 생활할 수 있는 통합적인 측면에서의 교육 정책이 우선해야 한다. 더불어 탈북아동에 대한 기대와 믿음을 버리지 않는 것이다. 이 연구는 향후 탈북아동을 넘어 폭넓은 탈북민의 삶을 연구하는 의미 있는 자료가 될 것이다

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.300-312
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• 2023

Purpose: This study investigated knowledge of atopic dermatitis and food allergies, as well as health information literacy, among North Korean refugee mothers with preschool-age children and explored how these variables were related to participants' characteristics. Methods: A descriptive study design was used. Data from 130 North Korean refugee mothers were collected between January and March 2023. Results: The mean scores were 14.48 of 30 for atopic dermatitis knowledge; 2.77 of 10 for food allergy knowledge, and 56.95 of 80 for health information literacy. Significant differences were observed in knowledge of atopic dermatitis based on breastfeeding duration (F=4.12, p=.009), and in knowledge of food allergies based on mixed feeding (F=3.11, p=.049). Health information literacy showed significant relationships with education level (F=3.76, p=.026), occupation (F=3.99, p=.021), checking nutritional information (t=2.91, p=.004), mixed feeding (F=4.50, p=.014), and atopic dermatitis diagnosis (t=6.86, p=.001). Significant positive correlations were observed between atopic dermatitis knowledge, food allergy knowledge, and health information literacy. Conclusion: Personalized educational programs should be implemented to improve awareness of allergies and health information literacy among North Korean refugee mothers, which would help them find, evaluate, and understand health-related information. These programs should focus on providing nutrition and dietary education to promote healthy growth in children and prevent diseases.