• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.14-25
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• 2006

Objectives: Samjunghwan has been known to be effective for the treatment of obesity. To show the effectiveness of Samjunghwan in a more scientific way, Samjunghwan extract was prepared and evaluated in high-fat diet rats by measuring the changes of body weight and lipid metabolism as described below. Methods: 245 g of crushed Samjunghwan was extracted with methyl alcohol. The extract was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 21.8 g. For 30 days, the control group rats were given a high fat diet, while the test group rats were given a high fat diet plus Samjunghwan extract. The normal group rats were given a normal diet. 50 mg of Samjunghwan extract per 1 kg of body weight was added to the diet for the test group rats. Results: The control group rats on a high fat diet gained weight by about 27-28% as compared to the normal group, whereas the test group rats on a high fat diet plus Samjunghwan extract lost weight about 6-8% as compared to the control group. A significant increase of liver weight caused by a high fat diet was also inhibited by the same Samjunghwan extract administration. Similar inhibitory effects on the food intake and on the epididymal adipose tissue weight were observed in the high fat diet rats by the administration of Samjunghwan extract. Serum and liver total lipid levels in the control group on a high fat diet increased significantly as compared to the normal group, whereas their serum and liver levels increased less on a high fat diet plus Samjunghwan extract administered test group than the control group. Impressively, serum leptin levels in the test group decreased almost to the level of the normal group, which was well in accordance with the decreased fat contents in the test group rats. Furthermore, the activities of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase were increased in the control group, while their activities in the test group on a high fat diet plus Samjunghwan extract decreased nearly to the levels of normal group rats on a normal diet. Conclusions: These results showed that the obesity caused by a high fat diet was effectively inhibited the administration of Samjunghwan extract. Our results also showed that the abnormal lipid metabolism caused by a high fat diet was effectively cured by the administration of Samjunghwan extract.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 1990

The effects of panaxytrion as known to be a cytotoxic substance isolated from Panax ginseng on the immune responses were examined. The i.p. administration of panaxytriol to normal mice for 6 consecutive days as doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg suppressed the increase of body weight dose-dependently but did not affect the weight ratio of immunoorgans to body weight, No significant changes were observed in the humoral immune responses as measured by Arthus reaction and plaque forming cells and in the cellular immune response as measured by delayed hypersensitivity as well as phagocytic activity of reticuloendotherial system. These results suggested that panaxytriol, a cytotoxic substance to cancer cells, has no detrimental effects on the immune function in normal mice.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.651-661
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• 2017

This paper presents an experimental study of bond-slip behavior of reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete (LC) and normal weight concrete (NC) with embedded steel bar. Tests were conducted on tension-pull specimens that had cross-sectional dimension with a reinforcing bar embedded in the center section. The experimental variables include concrete strength (20, 40, and 60 MPa) and coarse aggregate type (normal-weight aggregate and reservoir sludge lightweight aggregate). The test results show that as concrete compressive strength increased, the magnitudes of the slip of the LC specimens were greater than those of the NC specimens. Moreover, the bond strength and stiffness approaches zero at the loaded end, or close to the central anchored point of the specimen. In addition, the proposed bond stress-slip equation can effectively estimate the behavior of bond stress and steel bar slipping.

• 약학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.670-676
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• 2001

Effect of the butanol fraction of Astragali Radix (BFAR) on the humoral immune response were investigated in ICR mice. Mice were divided into 4 groups and BFAR at doses of 5,25 and 125 mg/kg were administered orally to mice daily for 3 weeks, and the normal animals were given vehicle. The results of this study are summarized as follows; the relative weight of spleen was markedly increased by BFAR treatment, compared with that in normal mice. However, the body weight gain and the relative weight of liver were not affected. Splenic plaque forming cells and hemagglutination titers to sheep red blood cells, and the secondary IgG antibody response to bovine serum albumin were also dose-dependently enhanced by BFAR treatment. In these mice, BFAR did not increase serum alanine aminotransferase total protein, sect albumin and albumin/globulin ratio when compared with those in normal mice. Thus, these findings indicate that BFAR significantly enhances humoral immune response to antigen in concentrations that do not affected liver function.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.73-87
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• 2011

Objectives: This study is to investigate life style and weight control based on the body mass index, and tongue diagnosis in adolescent girls. Help controling unnecessary weight and establishing proper understanding of desirable body images and healthy life for adolescents are expected. Methods: The questionnaire surveys and physical examinations were conducted to examine the life style, weight-control behaviors, and the health status of 173 adolescent girls in Jeonju. Among the students surveyed, 162 answered seriously and were accepted as subjects for the study. Results: 1. The mean height was 160.4 cm and weight was 54.21 kg. The mean BMI of the girls was 21.1 kg/m2, which is normal. The percentages of the normal weight group (71.6%), overweight group (16.7%), obesity group (9.9%), underweight group (1.9%) were shown respectively. 2. The oriental medicine doctor examined the tongue diagnosis. The thin and white tongue fur was the most common (20.7%). This diagnosis showed no statistical significance to BMI. 3. The ideal height for the girls was 165 cm, and the ideal weight was 49 kg. 4. A considerable number of girls (50.6%) thought that a thin body figure was the most beautiful body shape for the women. 5. Even though the percentages of an actual overweight or obese group were 26.6%, 42.0% of the girls thought that they were plump. 6. 94.83% of the normal weight group concerned about the weight regulation. 7. Many girls were dissatisfied with their own body shape, and 86.9% of girls regarded being in a shape was important. 70.69% of the normal weight group answered that they were under stress of their body shapes. Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrate that there are serious misconceptions on body shapes of the adolescent girls, and mostly, unnecessary and inadequate weight control behaviors were done. Therefore, establishing adequately education on their desirable body images and healthy life is needed for the adolescent girls. In this study, there is no significant relationship between BMI and tongue diagnosis. For the number of subjects is not enough, further study on the relationship between the two is expected.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.136-139
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study will demonstrate that relationship between scoliosis and gait factor and foot weight bearing in ambulation. Methods: Subjects were 40 elementary students. A normal control group consisted of a total of 20 children without any known musculoskeletal disorders and an AIS group of 20 children with mild AIS (defined by a Cobb angle between 10 and $25^{\circ}$) were recruited. Measurements were scoliometer screening test, Cobb angle, gait parameter (rate of swing/stance phase, gait velosity), foot weight bearing (entire, fore, hind). Results: Scoliometer screening test (P = 0.000) and X-ray Cobb angle (P = 0.000) significant difference of group which was significantly higher in the AIS group. Gait parameter not showed significant difference. Forefoot weight bearing was significantly higher in the AIS group than more normal group. Conclusion: It seems that the results of weight bearing analysis in ambulation may be used in modifying rehabilitation programs for individual needs of patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to describe and compare pint moments according to 6 types of gait methods during free speed. 15 volunteers(7 male, 8 female: mean age = 23.33 yrs.) participated and performed 6 types of gait methods. From the 3 types of pint moments of lower extremities(hip, knee, ankle and foot), the following results were made: 1. In left hip pint, the flexion-extension moment was not significantly different, but the adduction-abduction moment and rotation moment were showed different curves during stance phase. 2. In left knee pint, the flexion-extension moment was not significantly different, but the varus-valgus moment and rotation moment were showed different curves during stance phase. 3. In left ankle and foot the dorsiflexion-plantarflexion moment was not significantly different but the varus-valgus moment and rotation moment were showed different curves during stance phase. In conclusion, because weight loading gait with 10-20% of body weight were normal gait patterns, It was inferred that all weight loading gaits did not indicate noxious reactions of human body.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.499-508
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sensorimotor stimulation on the development of infant with low birth weight premature. Methods : Ten infants with low birth weight premature and ten normal infants participated in this study. We carried out test TIMP(Test of Infants Motor Performance) according pre intervention, post 3 weeks, PCA 40 week and normal infants. The intervention of sensorimotor stimulation applied to infants with low birth weight premature four times a week and fifteen minutes a once time. There was no intervention for normal infants. The collected dada were analyzed by ANOVA using by SPSS/PC 17.0 ver. program. Results : There was significant difference among three differential test period to improved developmental value in infants with low birth weight premature. According over time, numbers of observed items presented significant difference among test period, and elicited total score and total raw score was significant value(p=.00). There was no significant value that means sensorimotor stimulation affected on development of infants with low birth weight premature. Conclusions : In conclusion, sensorimotor stimulation had affects on the development of infants with low birth weight premature.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.51-60
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• 1995

Obesity is defined as excessive storage of energy in the form of fat resulting in adverse effect on healthy and longevity. Some data have shown increased incidence of hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia in overweight individuals and other disorders such as joint disease, cancer have been also associated with obesity. Recently, various commercial diet programs have been introduced for weight reduction without scientific evaluation for clinical effect and safety. The diet program must be based on a sound and scientific rationale and also be safe and nutritionally adequate. Pulmuone $diet^{(R)}$ is a calorie-restricted commercial diet-food, which contains adequate nutritients. The efficacy and safety of Pulmuone diet were evaluated in 28 normal healthy obese females in a prospective study. Each volunteer was placed in 3-week diet program. To observe weight reduction effect, body weight, TSF and AMC were measured every week. To account for safety of this program, blood chemistry test, blood pressure and side effects were monitored every week. Mean body weight was reduced by 3.24kg following diet program, which is statistically significant(P < 0.05) and this weight reduction was related to reduction in fat weight and not muscle weight as shown by the results of TSF and AMC Blood chemistry was not influenced by this program, but blood pressure was significantly reduced following this program. Thought diet program was generally well tolerated in most volunteers, the most frequent side effects are constipation, dizzness and headache. In conclusion, Pulmuone $diet^{(R)}$ program seems to be safe and effective for weight reduction in normal healthy obese females.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2013

Wheelchair users have a difficulty in managing their weight because there is lack of measure systems and even though the users have the system, it costs too much. Thus, purpose of this study is for developing the portable weight scale automatic device to help wheelchair users by monitoring their weight on the wheelchairs in real time. Portable weight scale automatic device composed by four strain gauges, and the device was connected with mobile phone so that wheelchair users were able to check their weight in real time. In order to evaluate the device performance, 10 normal subjects and 10 disabled subjects participated in this study. The subjects' truth weight and measured weight by the device are compared. The weigh difference within normal subjects was $0.75{\pm}0.80kg$, and the weigh difference within disabled subjects was $1.02{\pm}0.74kg$. Difference between the truth weigh and the measured weigh were not statistically different. The reason for this error occurred is inaccuracy of the loadcell installation and calibration. If this problems get solved, the measured indicator is expected to help wheelchair users to manage their weight.