• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.249-259
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• 2002

In order to estimate the mean and variance for a Normal distribution which is truncated at both right and left sides, maximum likelihood estimators based on the entire sample from the original distribution are compared with the sample mean and variance of the censored sample which is the data remaining after truncation using simulation. We found that, surprisingly, the mean squared error of the mean based on the censored data Is smaller than that of the full sample estimators.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2000

The purpose of this research is to investigate Sleep/Activity pattern of normal neonate in Kangwon area. The subjects of this research were 23 normal neonate who visited pediatric clinic of kangneung general hospital from Jun 15, 1999 to August 10, 2000. The instrument of this research was the NCASA. The results of this research were as follows: 1. The mean time of daytime sleep was 8.21 hours. The mean time of nighttime sleep was 5.70 hours. The mean time of total daily sleep was 13.92 hours. The mean time of longest sleep period was 5.02 hours. The mean time of regularity of sleep were daytime 46.59%, nighttime 74.43%, total daily sleep 55.88%. The mean frequency of nighttime wakening was 2.03 times. 2. The each mean time of activity were daytime 7.72 hours, nighttime 2.28 hours, daily total activity 9.99 hours. The mean time of the longest activity period was 6.16 hours. The mean times of feeding frequency were daytime feeding 4.53, nighttime feeding 1.92, total daily feeding 6.45. The mean of regularity of feeding frequency was 65.71%.

• 음성과학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.159-170
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find out the ability of coordination of the articulatory motor and the ability of control of the respiration and laryngeal for spastic dysarthria by acoustic analysis. The sustained of vowel /a/ and repetition of syllable /pa/ in 15 normal and 10 spastic dysarthria were measured. Multi-Speech, MDVP, and MSP were used for data recording and analysis. As a result, the mean DDK rate in the spastic group was significantly slower than in the normal. The maximum phonation time in the spastic group ($4.80{\pm}1.94$) was shorter than in the normal ($11.20{\pm}3.72$). The DDKjit in the spastic group was significantly higher than in the normal. The DDKsla was reduced in the spastic group. The mean syllable duration in the spastic group (146.2ms) was significantly longer than in the normal (75.8ms). The mean energy was reduced in the spastic group. The range of Fo was greater than in the normal. The frequency perturbation (jitter, vFo) and amplitude perturbation (shimmer, vAm) were higher than in the normal group. The NHR was higher than in the normal group. The parameters of this were significantly difference between the spastic dysarthria and the normal (p<0.05). Finally, the spastic dysarthria has short respiration, slow speech rate, and voice quality problem. The these results will help to establish a plan and the intervention of treatment.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.300-318
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• 1998

Background : The vasoreactivity of cerebral artery is currently the subject of increasing interest. Transcranial Doppler Sonography(TCD) is an accurate method of monitoring the blood flow velocities of the cerebral artery. We wished to assess the vasoreactivity between age-matched normal and cerebral infarction group. Method : We performed TCD findings in 40 normals and 20 cb-inf. subjects who arrived at hospital during 48 hours after attack. The former were devided into twenties normal group and fifties normal group. Result : 1. Fibrinogen levels showed significant changes between age-matched normal and cb-inf. group. 2. $V^{MEAN}$ of the both side Carotid Siphon during rest state increased significantly in cb-inf. group as compared with the age-matched normal group. 3. $V^{MEAN}and\;V^{MAX}$ of the both side carotid siphon during breath-hold state increased significantly in cb-inf. group as compared with the age-matched normal group. 4. Vasoreactivity of cerebral artery increased significantly in cb-inf. group as compared with the age-matched normal group. 5. $V^{MEAN}and\;V^{MAX}$ of the both side Radial artery during heat-stimuration state increased significantly in cb-inf. group as compared with the age-matched normal group. 6. Vasoreactivity of Radial artery increased significantly in cb-inf. group as compared with the age-matched normal group.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 1980

The purpose of this study was giving some helpful datas in analysing the degree of anteroposterior jaw disharmony with the 'Wits' appraisal. The cephalograms of 105 Korean adults with normal occlusion ranging from 17 to 20 years of age and 76 Koreans with various malocclusion ranging from 12 to 24 years of age were studied and analyzed statistically. The results were as follows; 1. The mean value of 'Wits' appraisal in normal occlusion group was -0.82mm in males and -0.17mm in females. 2. There was no significant difference between the males and females in normal occlusion group. 3, The mean value of 'Wits' appraisal in Angles class II malocclusion group was 2.67mm and higher than normal group. 4. The mean value of 'Wits' appraisal in Angles class III malocclusion group was -8.11 mm and lower than normal group.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.540-546
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among nutritional status of copper and zinc, serum leptin, and lipids of 99 middle school girls residing in kyunggi-do, Korea. Subjects were divided assigned to one of two groups such as normal (BMI<85 percentile, n=58) and obese (85$\leq$BMI, n=41) groups. Subjects were evaluated based on anthropometric measurements, 24-hr dietary recalls and blood analysis. The mean age was 13.93 years. The mean weight (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), body fat (p<0.001) of obese were significantly higher then those of normal group. The mean daily energy intake was 94.2% of RDA for Korean. The ratio of energy coming from carbohydrate, fat and protein was 63:24:13. The mean daily intakes of Cu and Zn were 1.4 mg and 7.4 mg (73.7% of RDA), and there were no significant difference between two groups. The mean serum levels of leptin (p<0.001), LDL-cholesterol (p<0.05), triglyceride (p<0.01), TPH (total cholesterol/HDL; p<0.001), LPH (LDL/HDL; p<0.001) and AI (atherogenic index; p<0.001) of obese were significantly higher than those of normal group. The mean serum Cu level of obese was significantly higher than normal group but, the mean serum Zn level of obese was significantly lower than normal group. Serum Cu showed a significantly positive correlations with body weight (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), body fat (p<0.001), serum leptin, and LPH. However, serum Zn showed a significantly negative correlations with body weight (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), serum leptin (p<0.001), TPH (p<0.05), and AI (Atherogenic index; p<0.05). To summarize the results, the Zn intakes of middle school girls did not reach to RDA for Koreans. Also, increase of BMI may lead to decrease of serum zinc level and increase of serum copper level, and this change of serum zinc related to the change of serum leptin and serum lipids level in middle school girls during rapid growth.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2010

해안 구조물의 신뢰성 설계과정에서 조위자료를 정규분포로 가정하여 설계를 수행하는 경우가 빈번하다. 그러나 조위 자료는 쌍봉형 정규 분포 형태를 따르기 때문에 설계과정에서 등가 정규분포 개념에 근거하여 등가평균 및 등가표준편차를 추정하게 되며, 이 과정에서 정규분포를 가정한 경우의 추정 평균 및 표준편차와는 다른 추정오차가 발생하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 쌍봉형 정규분포 형태를 따르는 조위에 대하여 등가평균 및 등가표준편차를 추정하고, 정규분포를 가정하여 추정한 평균과 표준편차와 비교하였다 그 결과, 등가 매개변수 추정오차는 조위조건과 조위의 크기에 따라 크게 변하고 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 인천의 경우, ${\pm}400cm$ 조건에서 등가평균 및 등 가표준편차 추정편차는 각각 100 cm 이상, 80~100 cm 정도로 파악되었으며, 조석이 약한 포항에서는 ${\pm}60cm$ 조건에서 모두 2~4 cm 정도의 작은 추정 편차를 보이고 있는 것으로 파악되었다.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study was to get the mean of duration of post-rotatory nystagmus test in normal children and to differentiate the duration of post-rotatory nystagmus test between normal children and children with pervasive developmental disorder. Method : 84 subjects were between 3 and 5 years of age and consisted of 64 normal children and 20 children with the pervasive developmental disorder. Analysis of the data was done by using t-test and ANOVA. Results : The results were as follows: 1. Range of duration of post-rotatory nyatagmus test in normal children was $5{\sim}22$second on left and $7{\sim}21$ second on right and the mean was 12.63 second on left and 12.59 second on right. 2. Range of duration of post-rotatory nystagmus test in children with the pervasive developmental disorder was $3{\sim}11$ second on both and the mean was 5.65 second on left and 5.60 second on right. 3. There was no significant difference between males and females with normal children in duration of post-rotatory nystagmus test. However, there was a significant difference of the mean duration between 3 and 5 years old normal group. 4. Children with pervasive developmental disorder significantly have relatively lower duration than the duration of post-rotatory nystagmus test of normal children. Conclusions : The results of the study showed significant difference between normal children and children with pervasive developmental disorder in duration of post-rotatory nystagmus test and suggest that they could be applied to the baseline of clinical therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2005

In this paper we consider the asymptotic mean squared error of positive part James-Stein estimators. In the normal-normal example, estimators of the mean squared error of these estimators are provided which are correct asymptotically up to O($m^{-l}$). Asymptotic estimators of the MSE's which correct up to O($m^{-l}$) are also provide. Here, m denotes the number of strata. A simulation study is undertaken to evaluate the performance of these estimators.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.1327-1334
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• 2012

In this paper, using analytic method and the properties of the Legendre's symbol, we prove an exact calculating formula on the $2m$-th power mean value of the generalized quadratic Gauss sums for $m{\geq}2$. This solves a conjecture of He and Zhang [On the 2k-th power mean value of the generalized quadratic Gauss sums, Bull. Korean Math. Soc. 48 (2011), no. 1, 9-15].