• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 1998.10b
• /
• pp.815-820
• /
• 1998

Many composite girder bridges have been constructed for about thirty five years. Nowadays they are aged or deteriorated because of th increase in traffic and vehicle loads. In this study, the effect of strengthening with glass fiber sheet is investigated to estimate the possibility for appling for damaged prestressed concrete bridges. One normal and eight cracked specimens which had been preloaded were tested. The cracked specimens were strengthened with either external prestressing or bonding glass fiber sheet, or using both methods. The results showed that the maximum loads are almost same for both methods. So it seems that the strengthening with glass fiber sheet can be used for strengthening damaged prestressed concrete girders. It is important that proper devices should be selected to prevent glass fiber sheet from premature bonding failure below its maximum load, which is similar to end anchorage problem in external prestressing method. It is proved that the devices proposed in this paper have sufficient anchoring capability to increase load carrying capacity.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.63 no.6
• /
• pp.860-865
• /
• 2014

This paper proposes the method for determination of the capacities of ESS (Energy Storage System) and PCS (Power Conditioning System) for the peak load shaving based on the load data in the substation of urban railway. In addition, this paper analyze the actual measurement of loads in the substation of urban railway. The load of a weekday in the substation of urban railway is high around rush hours in the morning and evening, which is different from that of a normal substation. The required capacities of ESS and PCS become larger as the amount of peak load shaving is higher, and are affected from the patterns of daily load in the substation.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
• /
• v.4 no.4 s.14
• /
• pp.99-111
• /
• 2004

An exact solution procedure is formulated for the free vibration and buckling analysis of rectangular plates having two opposite edges simply supported when these edges are subjected to linearly varying normal stresses. The other two edges may be clamped, simply supported or free, or they may be elastically supported. The transverse displacement (w) is assumed as sinusoidal in the direction of loading (x), and a power series is assumed in the lateral (y) direction (i.e., the method of Frobenius). Applying the boundary conditions yields the eigenvalue problem of finding the roots of a fourth order characteristic determinant. Care must be exercised to obtain adequate convergence for accurate vibration frequencies and buckling loads, as is demonstrated by two convergence tables. Some interesting and useful results for vibration frequencies and buckling loads, and their mode shapes, are presented for a variety of edge conditions and in-plane loadings, especially pure in-plane moments.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.491-501
• /
• 2021

This paper aims to evaluate the mechanical integrity for Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) cladding under lateral loads during transportation. The evaluation process requires a conservative consideration of the degradation conditions of SNF cladding, especially the hydride effect, which reduces the ductility of the cladding. The dynamic forces occurring during the drop event are pinch force, axial force and bending moment. Among those forces, axial force and bending moment can induce transverse tearing of cladding. Our assessment of 14 × 14 PWR SNF was performed using finite element analysis considering SNF characteristics. We also considered the probabilistic procedures with a Monte Carlo method and a reliability evaluation. The evaluation results revealed that there was no probability of damage under normal conditions, and that under accident conditions the probability was small for transverse failure mode.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.97-114
• /
• 2023

The nonlocal strain gradient theory for the static bending analysis of graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs) reinforced the nanoplate is developed in this paper. The nanoplatelet is exposed to thermo-mechanical loads and is also supposed to stand on an elastic foundation. For computing impressive composite material characteristics, the Halpin-Tsai model is selected for various sectors. The various distributions are propounded including UD, FG-O, and FG-X. The represented equations are acquired based on the virtual work and sinusoidal shear and normal deformation theory (SSNDT). Navier's solution as the analytical method is applied to solve these equations. Furthermore, the effects of GPL weight fraction, temperature parameters, distribution pattern and parameters of the foundation are presented and discussed.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.639-653
• /
• 2016

The present article discusses the effect of the ratio of bridge surface to total shear surface, number of bridge areas and normal stress on the failure behavior of the planar non-persistent open joints. Totally, 38 models were prepared using plaster and dimensions of $15cm{\times}15cm{\times}15cm$. The bridge area occupied $45cm^2$, $90cm^2$ and $135cm^2$ out of the shear surface. The number of rock bridges increase in fixed area. Two similar samples were prepared on every variation in the rock bridges and tested for direct shear strength under two high and low normal loads. The results indicated that the failure pattern and the failure mechanism is mostly influenced by the ratio of bridge surface to total shear surface and normal stress so that the tensile failure mode change to shear failure mode by increasing in the value of introduced parameters. Furthermore, the shear strength and shear stiffness are closely related to the ratio of bridge surface to total shear surface, number of bridge areas and normal stress.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2005.10a
• /
• pp.794-797
• /
• 2005

The automatic load transfer switch (ALTS), a kind of electric power switch, typically automatically transfers electrical loads from a normal electrical power source to an emergency electrical power source upon reduction or loss of normal power source voltage. It can also automatically re-transfer the load to the normal power source when the normal voltage has been restored within acceptable limits. The transfer operation of ALTS is accomplished by a spring-driven linkage mechanism. In order to control or delay the transfer switching time, the ALTS studied in this paper uses the superposed leaf springs, which are subjected to impact leadings in contacting with electrical contacts. Therefore, to confirm whether the springs has enough mechanical endurance in ALTS, we build a finite element model of the superposed lear springs using LS-DYNA and perform the impact and fatigue analysis.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.519-528
• /
• 2019

The unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is an effective custom power device that is used at the point of common coupling to protect loads from voltage and current-related PQ issues. Currently, most researchers have studied series unit and parallel unit models and an idealized transformer model. However, the interactions of the series and parallel converters in AC-link are difficult to analyze. This study utilizes an equivalent transformer model to accomplish an electric connection of series and parallel converters in the AC-link and to establishes a precise unified mathematical model of the UPQC. The strong coupling interactions of series and parallel units are analyzed, and they show a remarkable dependence on the excitation impedance of transformers. Afterward, a feed-forward decoupling method based on a unified model that contains the uncertainty components of the load impedance is applied. Thus, this study presents an adaptive method to estimate load impedance. Furthermore, simulation and experimental results verify the accuracy of the proposed modeling and decoupling algorithm.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.503-516
• /
• 2023

A transfer cask serves as the container for transporting and handling canisters loaded with spent nuclear fuels from light water reactors. This study focuses on a cylindrical transfer cask, standing at 5,300 mm with an external diameter of 2,170 mm, featuring impact limiters on the top and bottom sides. The base of the cask body has an openable/closable lid for loading canisters with storage modules. The transfer cask houses a canister containing spent nuclear fuels from lightweight reactors, serving as the confinement boundary while the cask itself lacks the confinement structure. The objective of this study was to conduct a structural analysis evaluation of the transfer cask, currently under development in Korea, ensuring its safety. This evaluation encompasses analyses of loads under normal, off-normal, and accident conditions, adhering to NUREG-2215. Structural integrity was assessed by comparing combined results for each load against stress limits. The results confirm that the transfer cask meets stress limits across normal, off-normal, and accident conditions, establishing its structural safety.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.47-57
• /
• 2013

This study is to assess the reduction of non-point source pollution loads for rice straw mulching of upland crop cultivation at a watershed scale. For Byulmi-cheon watershed (1.21 $km^2$) located in the upstream of Gyeongan-cheon, the HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran) and SWAT (Soil and Water Assesment Tool), physically based distributed hydrological models were applied. Before evaluation, the model was calibrated and validated using 9 rainfall events. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) for streamflow using the HSPF was 0.62~0.76 and the determination coefficient ($R^2$) for water quality (sediment, total nitrogen T-N, and total phosphorus T-P) were 0.72, 0.62, and 0.63 respectively. The NSE for streamflow using the SWAT were 0.43~0.81 and the $R^2$ for water quality (sediment, T-N, and T-P) were 0.54, 0.87, and 0.64 respectively. From the field experiment of 16 rainfall events, the rice straw cover condition reduced surface runoff average 10.0 % compared to normal surface condition. By handling infiltration capacity (INFILT) in HSPF model, the value of 16.0 mm/hr was found to reduce about 10.0 % reduction of surface runoff. For this condition, the reduction effect of sediment, T-N, and T-P loads were 87.2, 28.5, and 85.1 % respectively. By handling soil hydraulic conductivity (SOL_K) in SWAT model, the value of 111.2 mm/hr was found to reduce about 10.0 point reduction of surface runoff. For this condition, the reduction effect of sediment, T-N, and T-P loads were 80.0, 83.2, and 78.7 % respectively. The rice straw surface covering was effective for removing surface runoff dependent loads such as sediment and T-P.