• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.163.2-163.2
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• 2003

The genera Bifidobacterium is a member of the normal intestinal flora in humans, and important in food industry. In order to test the genetic identity of this bacterial genera, four primers originated from rice genome (SRILS Microbial $UniPrimers^{TM}$ kit) were used in molecular typing of 7 Bifidobacterial species and 20 isolates from various source. SRILS Microbial $UniPrimers^{TM}$ kit were effectively applied to genomic fingerprinting of various organism such as plant, animal and microorganism. (omitted)

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.545-547
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• 2023

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a normal flora of human skin and is occasionally associated with pathogenic infections. We report the complete genome sequence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strain Z0118SE0272 isolated from the residential environment sharing by a companion dog and dwellers. Resistance to cefoxitin was observed in the strain, whereas it was susceptible to erythromycin, clindamycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, mupirocin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, and tigecycline. The strain Z0118SE0272 identified as sequence type 130 possessed the mecA gene responsible for methicillin resistance, which composed the new type of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec elements lacking mecRI.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.166-176
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• 2020

Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of L-arginine (L-Arg) and N-carbamoylglutamic acid (NCG) on the growth, metabolism, immunity and community of cecal bacterial flora of weanling and young rabbits. Methods: Eighteen normal-grade male weanling Japanese White rabbits (JWR) were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups with or without L-Arg and NCG supplementation. The whole feeding process was divided into weanling stage (day 37 to 65) and young stage (day 66 to 85). The effects of L-Arg and NCG on the growth, metabolism, immunity and development of the ileum and jejunum were compared via nutrient metabolism experiments and histological assessment. The different communities of cecal bacterial flora affected by L-Arg and NCG were assessed using high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis. Results: The addition of L-Arg and NCG enhanced the growth of weanling and young rabbit by increasing the nitrogen metabolism, protein efficiency ratio, and biological value, as well as feed intake and daily weight gain. Both L-Arg and NCG increased the concentration of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM, and IgG. NCG was superior to L-Arg in promoting intestinal villus development by increasing villus height, villus height/crypt depth index, and reducing the crypt depth. The effects of L-Arg and NCG on the cecal bacterial flora were mainly concentrated in different genera, including Parabacteroides, Roseburia, dgA-11_gut_group, Alistipes, Bacteroides, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005. These bacteria function mainly in amino acid transport and metabolism, energy production and conversion, lipid transport and metabolism, recombination and repair, cell cycle control, cell division, and cell motility. Conclusion: L-Arg and NCG can promote the growth and immunity of weanling and young JWR, as well as effecting the jejunum and ileum villi. L-Arg and NCG have different effects in the promotion of nutrient utilization, relieving inflammation and enhancing adaptability through regulating microbial community.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1007-1012
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• 2010

The aim of the present study was to describe whether abnormal cervical mucus discharge (A-CMD) or pathogens in cervical mucus discharge (CMD) have effects on reproductive performance of cows and heifers in estrus. Animals having clear discharges (68 cows, 38 heifers) with normal viscosity and without bad odor were grouped as normal cervical mucous discharge (N-CMD) group. The other animals (84 cows, 32 heifers) were grouped as A-CMD group. Microorganisms isolated from samples were divided into three groups as uterine pathogens (UP), potential uterine pathogens (PUP) or opportunistic uterine pathogens (OUP). Presence of PUP was associated with A-CMD for both cows (p<0.01) and heifers (p<0.02). First service conception rates (FS-CR) were lower in cows positive for PUP (p<0.01). Moreover, presence of PUP and OUP affected FS-CR in heifers (p<0.01). Although A-CMD significantly affected FS-CR in cows (p<0.04), it did not affect FS-CR in heifers. Differences in average open day for cows (p<0.02) and first service age for heifers (p<0.01) were significant between N-CMD and A-CMD groups, respectively. The current study suggested that CMD should be evaluated more carefully when there are infertility problems. In addition to the known microorganism that causes sterility and infertility in the UP group, pathogens in the PUP group should be considered for their potential to cause infertility.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.33-46
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was conducted to investigate effects of 7 herbs among medicinals resolving dampness with aroma on vaginal microorganisms. Methods : Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Gardnerella vaginalis were used for vaginal pathogenic microorganisms. Lactobacillus gasseri, Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli HB101 were used for vaginal flora. Medicinals resolving dampness with aroma, Pogostemonis Herba, Amomi Cardamomi Fructus, Amomi Semen, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Ammomi Tsao-ko Fructus, Alpiniae Katsumadaii Semen and Magnoliae Cortex were used in this study. In vitro antimicrobial activities were observed by optical density and colony test. Results : The optical density showed that Alpiniae Katsumadaii Semen and Magnoliae Cortex among medicinals resolving dampness with aroma had antimicrobial effects on pathogenic vaginal microorganisms (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Pogostemonis Herba, Ammomi Tsao-ko Fructus had antimicrobial effects on Gardnerella vaginalis. The colony test showed that Alpiniae Katsumadaii Semen, Magnoliae Cortex among medicinals resolving dampness with aroma had antimicrobial effects on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Pogostemonis Herbs, Alpiniae Katsumadaii Semen had antimicrobial effects aganist Gardnerella vaginalis. The optical density showed that Magnoliae Cortex among medicinals resolving dampness with aroma had antimicrobial effect on normal vaginal microorganisms (Streptococcus spp.). The colony test showed that medicinals resolving dampness with aroma had no antimicrobial effect on normal vaginal microorganisms. Conclusion : From this study, we could suggest that Pogostemonis Herba, Ammomi Tsao-ko Fructus, Alpiniae Katsumadaii Semen, Magnoliae Cortex of medicinals resolving dampness with aroma are available to antimicrobial agent of pathogenic vaginal microorganisms in vitro.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.211-220
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• 2018

Early life exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and low protein diet through complementary foods during weaning is common in parts of Africa and Asia. This study evaluated the effect of co-exposure to AFB1 and low protein diet on the extrahepatic tissues of rats. Twenty-four three-week old weanling male albino rats were used for this study and were randomly assigned into four groups: group 1 served as control and was fed normal protein diet (20% protein), group 2 was fed low protein diet (5% protein), group 3 was fed normal protein diet + 40 ppb AFB1 while group 4 received low protein diet + 40 ppb AFB1, all for eight weeks. Afterward, biomarkers of anemia (packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin) and kidney function (urea, uric acid, and creatinine) were determined in the blood while biomarkers of oxidative stress were determined in the tissues spectrophotometrically. Co-exposure to AFB1 and low protein diet significantly (p < 0.05) decreased body weight gain and PCV, increased biomarkers of kidney functions and induced oxidative stress in the tissues studied. There was significant (p < 0.05) reduction in glutathione concentration while TBARS was significantly increased in the tissues. Co-exposure to AFB1 and low protein diet had additive effects on decreasing the weight gain and potentiation effect of kidney dysfunction in the rats. The co-exposure also decreased antioxidant enzymes and increased oxidant status in the tissues. Our results demonstrate that this co-exposure has deleterious health effects on extrahepatic tissues and should be a public health concern especially in developing countries where AFB1 contamination is common.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.700-703
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• 2010

In this study, plant extracts including Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. and Phellodendron amurense were studied to test possible application for cosmetics and skin related medicine. Anti-oxidation effect of plant extracts was measured by DPPH free radical scavenging activity and it was insignificant at low concentration, however, it was as good as vitamin C, excellent anti-oxidation agent, at $1000{\mu}g/ml$. Anti-bacterial effect was tested by disc diffusion method, and plant extracts showed mild anti-bacterial effect for normal skin flora, Staphylococcus epidermidis while it indicated strong anti-bacterial effect for acne inducing Propionibacterium acne. Therefore it had powerful potential for anti-acne material because of selectivity. Anti-atopic dermatitis effect was tested by hairless mouse and plant extracts recovered damaged skin to near normal condition after 14 days of treatment. IgE concentration in treated mouse was decreased 16% compared with control. From the research, plant extracts indicated strong anti-acne and anti-atopic dermatitis effect, and showed strong potential for cosmetics and skin related medicine.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.296-301
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• 2008

Actinomyces is a part of the normal oral flora, but under certain circumstances it may become pathogenic. Actinomycosis is a chronic granulomatous infective disease caused by microaerophilic Gram-positive bacteria of the genus actinomyces. It can involve almost any system, but principally affects the head and neck. Because the lesions in the submandibular region and the angle of the jaw give the face a swollen, indurated appearance, actinomycosis of mandible can be easily misdiagnosed in its acute or early state of infection. In these cases the disease usually presented as a swelling suggestive of an abscess or mimicking a neoplasm. The yield from standard cultures was poor and repeated sampling and anaerobic culture may be needed to obtain a positive culture. So actinomycosis should always be considered in a differential diagnosis of all infections of the cervicofacial area. Diagnosis of actinomycosis is made based on the histopathology, the clinical presentation and past dental history. We experienced a case of actinomycosis in the masseter muscle and present the case with review of literature.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.343-352
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• 1998

This experiment was performed to investigate effects of zinc containing solution on the major normal flora Staphylococccus aureus, Streptococus mutans and Candida albicans and to observe the variation according to anionic change and concentration difference. Zinc chloride, zinc iodide and zinc acetate solution were added to werially diluted broth culture so that each final concentration might be 0.25%, 0.5%. 1%. After that, 100ul of each aliquot was spreaded on each selective media plate( Mannitol Salts Agar plate for Staphylococcus aureus, Mitis Salivarius Agar plate for Streptococcus mutans and Sabouraud Destrose Agar plate for Candida albicans). The % killing was calculated bu CFU count after incubation under the appropriate condition. 1. zinc iodide, zinc chloride, and zinc acetate solutions showed inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. 2. The inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus were ranked in order of ainc iodide, zinc chloride and zinc actate. 3. The inhibitory effects on Streptococcus mutans were ranked in orfer of zinc iodide, zinc chloride and zinc acetate. 4. the inhibitory effects on Candida albicans showed no difference among zinc iodide, zinc chloride and zinc acetate. 5. The inhibitory effects of zinc chloride and zinc acetate on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutnas showed increasing pattern as the concentration increase. But the inhibitory effects of zinc iodide on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans showed no apparent difference according to concentrations and it was the case with the inhibitory effects of zinc iodide, zinc chloride and zinc acetate on Candida albicans.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 2000

Actinomycosis is defined as a chronic, specific, suppurative, granulomatous disease caused mainly by the anaerobic, gram positive organism, Actinomyces israelii. Actinomycosis in the salivary gland is a rare disease that is caused by an inhabitant of the normal flora. We report the case of the actinomycosis of submandibular gland. A 53-year old man presented with the swelling on left submandiblar area. The lesion was not painful but had been increasing for about 10 days. In the CT view, the internal portion of the mass showed homogeneous moderate signal. The mass had continuities with the inferior portion of the left enlarged submandibular gland. In the MRI, there was a mass that showed a buldging pattern inferiorly in the left submandibular gland without bony invasion sign. The biopsy shows the colony of special organism. Many filaments are discovered with clubbed ends diffused from center of colony. We diagnosed this disease as actinomycosis in the submandibular gland by the postoperational biopsy.