• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.174-182
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• 1979

This is a report on four cases of successful surgical correction of coarctation of the aorta [COA] in Department of the Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital. The first case was a postductal type of coarctation of the aorta associated with Patent ductus arteriosus [PDA], Persistent left superior vena cava [LSVC] and richly developed collateral circulation. Blood pressure was measured to be hypertensive at the arm, but hypotensive at the legs. The coarctation of the aorta was corrected with following procedure: Partial resection of the aortic wall with diaphragmatic structure lust above and below the coarctating line of the aorta, and then the defect of the aortic wall was closed by lateral aortographic suture. PDA was closed by ligation procedure. The second case a preductal type of coarctation of the aorta associated with PDA, LSVC, ventricular septal defect [VSD] and poorly developed collateral circulation. Normal blood pressure was measured at the arm, but hypotension was observed at the legs. Correction of coarctation of the aorta was performed under the establishment of tube bypass because of poor collateral circulation. After resection of coarctating short segment, end to end anastomosis was performed without any tension. PDA was closed by division procedure. Simple suture closure of VSD was performed by open heart surgery two weeks after correction of COA. The third case was a long segment COA without any other anomaly. Blood pressure was measured to be hypertensive at the arm, but hypotensive at the legs. Vascular prosthesis was performed using Teflon graft tube after resecting coarctating long segment [6.5 cm] of the aorta. The fourth case was a long segment COA associated with aortic insufficiency and richly developed collateral circulation. Normal blood pressure was measured at the arm, but hypotension was observed at the legs. Vascular prosthesis was performed using Teflon graft tube after resecting coarctating long segment [6.0 cm] of the aorta. Both blood pressure and peripheral pulse on the arm and the legs returned to normal postoperatively in all patients.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 2001

After performing mandibular setback surgery, we found some changes in patterns and organs of speech. This investigation was undertaken to investigate the aspect and degree of speech patterns according to the amount of surgical setback in mandibular prognathic patients. Thirteen patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion were studied preoperative and postoperative over 6 months. They had undergone the mandible setback operation via bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy(BSSRO). We split the patients into two groups. Group 1 included patients whose degree of mandibular setback was 6mm or less, and Group 2 above 6mm. Control group was two adults wish normal speech patterns. A phonetician performed narrow phonetic transcriptions of tape-recorded words and sentences produced by each of the patients and the acoustic characteristics of the plosives, fricatives, and flaps were analyzed with a phonetic computer program (Computerized Speech Lab(CSL) Model 4300B(USA)). The results are as follows: 1. Generally, Patients showed longer closure duration of plosives, shorter VOT(voice onset time) and higher ratio of closure duration against VOT. 2. Patients showed more frequent diffuse distribution than the control group in frication noise energy of fricatives. 3. In fricatives, frequency of compact from were higher in group 1 than in group 2. 4. Generally, a short duration of closure for /ㄹ/ was not realized in the patient's flaps. Instead, it was realized as fricatives, sonorant with a vowel-like formant structure, or trill type consonant. 5. Abnormality of the patient's articulation was reduced, but adaptation of their articulation after surgery was not perfect and the degree of adaptation was different according to the degree of surgical setback.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.253-266
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• 2001

Background: The causes of ADHD(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) are various, so it is impossible to understand the whole characteristics of ADHD, only with simple intelligence testing scales. We compared cognitive characteristics of ADHD group with normal controls with Korean Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children(K-ABC). It is well known to evaluate neuropsychological and cognitive aspects of the children. Materials and Methods: Age and sex matched 40 ADHD patients and 40 normal controls tested with the K-ABC. Each subscales compared between pre-treatment patients and controls, pre-treatment and post-treatment in patient group, post-treatment patients and controls. Results: Significant differences are observed in sequential processing, simultaneous processing, cognitive processing and achievement between pre-treatment patients and controls, and in gestalt closure between pre-treatment and post-treatment patients group. But there are no significant differences between pre-treatment patients and controls in gestalt closure and reading/decoding. Conclusions: Methylphenidate improved the scores of simultaneous scale, which means improvement of executive functions such as divided attention, analysis and organization. Methylphenidate also reduced distractibility.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.14-25
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• 1992

The present study was purposed to find out variables of childhood antisocial behavior. The variables consisted of social cognition competence(Peer perception. acquaintance perception, frustration situation perception). academic competence(Visual integration function. written expression function, grammar closure function). The subject in this study were 32 nine year old-fourteen year old antisocial behavior boys and 32 third grade in elementary school-second grade in middle school normal boys and girls. The results of this study were obtained as follows. 1) In peer perception antisocial behavior children perceived peer as more supportive than normals. In acquaintance perception. there was no difference between groups. 2) In frustration situation perception, normal children used intropunitive attack still more than antisocial behavior children and antisocial behavior children perceived frustration situation more sensitive than normals and they were less active in problem solving aspects than normals. 3) In Academic competence, antisocial behavior children have deficits in visual motor integration function, written expression function. grammar closure function.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.180-195
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• 2000

Grouting has been practiced as a reliable technique to improve the mechanical properties of rock mass. But, the study of ground improvement by greeting is rare especially in jointed rock mass. In this study, joint compression test and direct shear test were performed on pure rock joint and cement milk grouted rock joint to examine the grouting effect on the property of rock joint. In the pure rock joint compression test, joint closure varied non-linearly with normal stress. But after cement milk grouting, the normal deformation characteristics of the joint was linear at the low normal stress level. As normal stress increased. deformation of the sample rapidly increased due to the stress concentration at the joint asperities. Peak shear strength of the grouted joint in low normal stress was higher than that of non-grouted joint due to the cohesion, decreased exponetially as the grout thickness increased. Thus after cement milk grouting, the failure envelope modified to a curve that has cohesion due to grout material hydration with decreased friction angle. Shear stiffness and peak dilation angle of the grouted joint decreased as the grout thickness increased. The peak shear strength from the direct shear test on grouted rock joint was represented by an empirical equation as a fuction of grout thickness and roughness mean amplitude.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.41-54
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• 1985

Generally, ground settlements and lateral displacements are accompanied by underground excavation associated with open-cut or tunnling. These ground movements cause a harmful influence upon nearby super.structures and sub-structures. Occasionally, the ground movements may pose serious problems as the function of the nearby structures may be disrupted. Therefore, prior to the subway construction in an urban area, it is necessary to identify the causes of ground settlements and estimating the extent St the magnitude of ground movements since any potential damage to the nearby structures such as gas lines, water mains, high buildings and cultural assets must be assessed. The research was performed mainly on ground movements such as surface settlements, lateral displacements, subsurface settlements and crown settlements to predict the maximum settlement and settlement zone, and to identify the causes of ground settlements in NATM sections of Busan subway. As a result, it was found that lateral distribution of settlements could be approximated reasonably by a Gaussian normal probability curve and longitudinal distribution of settlements by a cumulative Gaussian probability curve, and that the early closure of temporary invert was very important to minimize ground settlements.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2013

Purpose: To report the successful results of using chin bone graft and autogenous tooth bone graft material (AutoBT) in alveolar cleft patients. Materials and Methods: Five patients with alveolar cleft defects underwent alveolar bone grafting. Three patients were treated using chin bone graft, and the other two patients underwent AutoBT graft. After implant site development using chin bone graft in the fi rst three cases, endosseous implant restorations were placed. In case #4 and 5, AutoBT graft material was placed to guide the normal eruption of partially impacted maxillary right canine and to the upper docking site after distraction osteogenesis. Result: Successful implant restorations with closure of the oronasal fistula were achieved in alveolar cleft defect reconstruction using either chin bone graft (Case #1, 2, 3) or AutoBT graft material (Case #4, 5). Case #4 showed enlarged follicle of the right maxillary canine, indicating a normal eruption guide pattern. Conclusion: Both chin bone graft and AutoBT graft showed favorable outcomes in reconstructing alveolar cleft defects. Autogenous tooth bone graft opens up the possibility of avoiding harvesting autogenous bone graft with complications and morbidities.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.655-658
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• 2006

Purpose: The main goals of correcting syndactyly of the hand are to form normal web appearance and to prevent motor dysfunction. We modified the original three-square-flap to improve interdigital web space and to reduce the wound healing problem due to tension. Methods: From July 2005 to February 2006, three cases of moderate to minor syndactyly were treated using modified three-square-flap. These flaps were made in such as way that the A flap from dorsal side, the B flap from the interdigital surface, and the C flap from the volar side. We modified the design of dorsal A flap as a hourglass shape instead of square shape to make normal hourglass shaped interdigital web and to reduce the tension of closure with other two flaps(B and C flap). The B and C flap were made as square shape. Results: During 4 to 10 months follow-up period, acceptable esthetic results were obtained without any specific complication, using our modification of the three-square-flap. Conclusion: Our method showed more satisfactory web appearance and was safe to use even in the cases of syndactyly secondary to burns and post-traumatic scars because of excellent blood circulation.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.434-439
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• 2017

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), one of the common metabolic disorders of pregnancy, leads to functional alterations in various cells including stem cells as well as some abnormalities in fetal development. Perivascular stem cells (PVCs) have gained more attention in recent years, for the treatment of various diseases. However, the effect of GDM on PVC function has not been investigated. In our study, we isolated PVCs from umbilical cord of normal pregnant women and GDM patients and compared their phenotypes and function. There is no significant difference in phenotypic expression, response to bFGF exposure and adipogenic differentiation capacity between normal (N)-PVCs and GDM-PVCs. However, when compared with N-PVCs, early passage GDM-PVCs displayed decreased initial rates of cell yield and proliferation as well as a reduced ability to promote wound closure. These results suggest that maternal metabolic dysregulation during gestation can alter the function of endogenous multipotent stem cells, which may impact their therapeutic effectiveness.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.236-240
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• 2018

Crop yield is critically related to the physiological responses and disease resistance of the crop, which could be strongly affected by high temperature conditions. We observed the changes in the growth of barley under higher than ambient air-temperature conditions using a temperature gradient field chamber (TGFC) during winter and spring. Before the stem extension stage of barley growth, Cladosporium sp. spontaneously appeared in the TGFC. The severity of disease became serious under warmer temperature conditions. Further, the stomata closed as the severity of the disease increased; however, stomatal conductance at the initial stage of disease was higher than that of the normal leaves. This was likely due to the Iwanov effect, which explains that stressed plants rapidly and transiently open their stomata before longer-term closure. In this study, we tested three optical methods: soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) chlorophyll index, photochemical reflectance index (PRI), and maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm). These rapid evaluation methods have not been used in studies focusing on disease stress, although some studies have used these methods to monitor other stresses. These three indicative parameters revealed that diseased barley exhibited lower values of these parameters than normal, and with the increase in disease severity, these values declined further. Our results will be useful in efficient monitoring and evaluation of crop diseases under future warming conditions.