• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.297-304
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• 2017

Although adolescents' obesity prevalence increases recently in Korea due to Westernized dietary life, according to social and economic development, and physical activity decline, distorted body image and improper dietary habits are prevalent, because of excessive obsession with weight control, deriving from psychological impacts including appearance supremacy. This study conducted a survey on health oriented awareness and attitude related with dietary habits targeting adolescents, such as high school students and college students, younger than 24, from May 11 to May 29, 2015. In this study, 280 questionnaire copies were collected out of 300 distributed questionnaire copies, and used 269 copies as analysis data, except 11 copies of which responses were inadequate. The results of this study are as follows: First, the high school students showed higher dietary regularity than the college students. Especially, 95.5% of the college students showed very high irregularity of lunch, compared with just 4.5% of the high school students. Second, the adolescents showed distorted perceived body image in comparison with body mass index (BMI). As a result of examining BMI relationship, according to one's own perception on body type, 28.6% of the respondents perceived themselves fat, despite normal BMI, and 40.4% of the respondents perceived themselves normal, despite low BMI. Third, health behavior activities level was higher, as the regularity of breakfast (B=1.093), lunch, (B=0.650), and dinner (B=0.765) was higher. The variable affecting the most ( ${\beta}=0.372$) was the regularity of breakfast. As interest in weight control was higher, health behavior activities was lower. Because over-interest in weight control may be linked with improper dietary habits or weight control, a caution is needed. The results of this study are expected to be utilized as the basic data for the policy and health-oriented program development to improve adolescents' health behavior practice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.511-521
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• 2012

The purposes of this study were to assess the physical activity level (PAL) and the total daily energy expenditure (TEE) as well as to evaluate the validity of prediction equation for the estimated energy requirement (EER) in normal weight and overweight or obese children and adolescents. The subjects comprised of 100 healthy Korean students aged between 7-18. The anthropometric data was collected. PAL was calculated from the physical activity diary by the 24-hour recall method, and the resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured by an open-circuit indirect calorimetry using a ventilated hood system. Daily energy expenditure was PAL multiplied by RMR. EER was calculated by using the prediction equation published in KDRIs. There was no significant difference in the means of age and height between the 46 obese subjects and 54 nonobese subjects. The weight and BMI of the obese group (60.2 kg, $25.3kg/m^2$) were significantly higher than those of the nonobese group (42.4 kg, $18.4kg/m^2$). However, PAL was not significantly different between the two groups (nonobese 1.45, obese 1.46). TEE of the obese group (2,212 kcal/day) was significantly higher than that of the nonobese group (1,774 kcal/day). EER (individual PA) and EER (light PA) were significantly higher than TEE (p < 0,001); however, EER (sedentary PA) was not significantly different with TEE in the two groups. These results showed that the levels of physical activity were the same as the sedentary activity both in the nonobese and obese Korean students; moreover, the predictive equation for EER published in KDRI overestimated the TEE of Korean children and adolescents. Therefore, in further research, a new predictive equation for EER should be developed for Korean children and adolescents through the doubly labeled water method.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.5
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• pp.11-23
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze the internet usage patterns among adolescents and to provide basic data for the development of internet addiction prevention program. The subjects of this study were 1169 students in middle and high school students in Seoul, Korea. Self-administered questionnaires were employed and data were analysed by SPSS 12.0. Major conclusions were as follows: 1. Most of the students were found to be the normal internet users. On the other hand, potential risk group was 8.2% and high risk group was 4.7%. Every students have had an experience of inter use. The 90.6% of the students' households had internet links. The percentage of students who were using internet more than 3 hours a day was 25.7%, and The most popular type of website was entertainment. 2. Male students showed greater percentages of potential risk and high risk group than female students. The students having parents in divorce, remarriage and separation were more likely to be in potential risk group than those having normal parents. The staying alone in home after school and small sleeping time were positively related to high level of internet addiction. 3. The characteristics of the students in potential risk and high risk group were longer duration of the internet use, internet use through the whole week, frequent internet use late at night, frequent use of pornographic site, main purpose of internet use for entertainment and shortage of rest during internet use. This study results had an limitation of generalizing to entire Korean adolescents because the sample of this study was middle and high school students living in Seoul. Future study was needed for the analysis of internet use behavior of the entire Korean adolescents, and for the identification of the accurate predictors for adolescents' internet addiction.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.68 no.3
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• pp.73-103
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• 2016

In this study, it investigates the life of normal adolescents who have parents with intellectual disability and their difficulties which suggested social welfare meanings of this study. In order to conduct wide and in-depth analysis on cases by utilizing the characteristics of qualitative case studies, it describes and analyzes the intellectual disability parents' normal children in detail from the viewpoint of an insider through in-depth interviews, various sources and diverse data collecting methods. As for the subject of this study, both parents should be persons with intellectual disability and their child shall be non-disabled and at least a high school student or older. Through the intentional sampling, five late adolescents who were in high school, all males participated in the study. The data collection process had been conducted from January 2014 to May, which is commonly utilized for qualitative case studies, and comparative analysis between cases were practiced for analysis. For credibility of the research results, it obtained severity at each stage by meeting the standard. The analysis results were largely divided into "growth story of non-disabled adolescents" and "life of non-disabled adolescents". Nine upper categories analyzed the common features in each case. The nine categories were "no one tells me to study", "advance while learning the sense of academic achievement", "hide into my own space", "having to grown up early", "different parents but same love", "relatives raised me", "have a friend who accepts me as I am", "being pressed by poverty", and "standing on a knife edge of being hurt and taking heart". Based on the in-depth research on normal teens that have intellectually disabled parents, theoretically speaking, this study expanded the prospect of study on intellectually disabled to their normal, intellectual teenage children. As for practical significance, understanding their parents' intellectual disability, parenting technique training, case management from the community level is suggested. Rregular real condition research of the families, allowance system for economic support et al. is suggested in policy aspect.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.263-273
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• 2017

Numerous studies have investigated quantifying dietary intake according to the weight status of children and adolescents. However, studies on differences in quality among diets remain scarce. This study compared diet quality by weight status and examined correlations between quality of diet and obesity in children and adolescents. Two hundred fourteen children and adolescents aged between 9 and 18 years participated in this study (Normal weight n=104, Obesity n=110). The data related to food intake were investigated by dietary records, Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), and Nutrition Quotient (NQ) and then compared with Dietary Reference Intakes for Korean (KDRIs). In DQI-I, moderation factor (control of unhealthy foods) score was 21.7 in the normal weight group and 19.5 in the obesity group. The normal weight group showed a higher score for moderation factor than the obesity group (P<0.001). Compared with KDRIs, vitamin $B_6$, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, calcium, potassium, and zinc intakes were insufficient in both groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that DQI-I moderation was negatively associated with obesity (OR=0.77, 95% CI 0.69-0.87) after adjustment for age, gender, income, and total energy intake. Our results suggest that children and adolescents require nutritional education to understand the importance of vitamin and mineral consumption. Especially, education for children and adolescents with obesity needs to emphasize moderation of nutrient intake that can cause diseases with hyper-ingestion such as sodium and high calorie-low nutrition foods.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.110-114
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• 2020

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is a common condition in obese children. However, its effect on glucose and lipid metabolism in obese children remains controversial. Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the association between SH and metabolic parameters. Methods: A total of 215 obese children and adolescents aged 6-18 years were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. The patients' anthropometric measurements such as thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), fasting plasma glucose, and insulin levels, as well as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and lipid profiles were evaluated. The patients were allocated to the SH group (fT4 normal, TSH 5-10 mIU/L) (n=77) or the control group (fT4 normal, TSH<5 mIU/L) (n=138). The glucose and lipid metabolisms of the 2 groups were compared. Results: SH was identified in 77 of 215 patients (36%). Mean body mass index was similar in both groups. The mean serum insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglyceride (TG) levels were higher and the mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was lower in the SH group than in the control group (P=0.007, P=0.004, P=0.01, and P=0.02, respectively). A positive correlation was observed between TSH level and insulin level, HOMA-IR, and TG level. Conclusion: SH was identified in some of the obese children and adolescents. A clear association was observed between SH, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in obese children.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.281-290
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an 8-week competitive exercise program on physical fitness, psychological variables, and video-game playtime in game-addicted adolescents. Methods: All subjects were screened by a game behavior diagnosis scale questionnaire, and a total of 7 game-addicted, male adolescents ($16{\pm}2$ yrs of age) participated in the study. All subjects were informed of the study's purpose, procedures, and risks, and a consent form was obtained from each subject. The 8-week soccer and basketball exercise program included twice-weekly sessions of 120 minutes per session. All data were presented as $mean{\pm}SE$, and the variables were analyzed with a paired t-test. Results: Following the 8-week intervention, cardiovascular endurance and grip strength were significantly increased (approximately 17 and 7%, respectively [p<0.05]). Although there was no statistical significance on flexibility, vertical jump, and zigzag-run, all variables showed an increasing tendency. Anxiety levels changed from a mild anxiety state to a normal state, and depression levels also altered from moderate to a normal state. The video-game playtime was reduced about 20% during weekends and vacation periods. Conclusion: Given these combined results, 8 weeks of regular participation in competitive exercise (soccer/basketball) may contribute to positive effects on physical fitness, psychological variables, and video-game playtime in computer-game addicted adolescents.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.170-179
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• 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the masticatory performance of Korean children and adolescents and to investigate related factors. Early loss of primary molars, degree of occlusion of first molars, occlusal relationship of first molars, and presence of anterior crossbite were considered. From March 2020 to July 2021, 56 children and adolescents between the ages of 6 and 12 were included. The mixing ability index (MAI) was calculated to evaluate the masticatory efficiency of children and adolescents. The subjects were classified into three groups according to the number of early lost primary molars; normal dentition, 1 - 2 teeth lost, more than 3 teeth lost. The number of participants are 23, 18, and 15, respectively. There was no difference in the MAI values between the normal dentition group and the group has 1 - 2 teeth lost. However, when 3 or more primary molars were lost, the MAI value decreased and a significant difference was observed. This study is the first study to evaluate the masticatory performance of children and adolescents in Korea, and it will be helpful to pediatric dentists who evaluate the masticatory performance of children and adolescents and strive to improve the masticatory efficiency of children and adolescents in clinical practice.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.473-486
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• 2014

This study examines the relationships between dietary self-efficacy, social support, depression, and weight-control behavior of children and adolescents. A total of 593 students (280 children and 313 adolescents) from schools in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Jeollabuk-do, and Daegu were surveyed using scales for dietary self-efficacy, social support, depression, and weight-control behavior. The data were analyzed through a frequency analysis, means and standard deviations, a t-test, a one-way ANOVA, the Tukey test, the Pearson's correlation, and a stepwise multiple regression analysis. According to the results, weight-control behavior was more likely in girls than boys, high-school students than elementary-school students, and obese/overweight students than normal/underweight students. The factors influencing children's weight-control behavior were general eating habits, the BMI, depression, food choice, and family support, in that order, and those influencing adolescents' weight-control behavior were general eating habits, gender, and the BMI, in that order. These results are expected to be useful as basic data for developing weight-control programs for children and adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.178-188
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• 1996

Blood pressure distribution of adolescents and its several related factors including obesity were investigated through blood pressure measuring by automated oscillometric method, anthropometry, and questionnaire. Subjects were 480 female and 480 male middle school students living in Taejon. Mean values of systolic(SBP)/diastolic(DNP) blood pressure of male and female students were 118.4$\pm$11.0/69.5$\pm$9.6 mmHg and 116.9$\pm$10.4/69.5$\pm$8.6 mmHg, respectively. Their blood pressures, particularly SBP, increased with age and showed higher value in the males than in the females. All frequency distributions of SBP and DBP, by sex and age, showed normal curves and their 50th, 90th, and 95th percentiles were presented. As obese index increased, both SBP and DBP were elevated and the prevalence of hypertension which was classified by Task Force Report(1987) increased, particularly in male students. Body weight and BMI were positively correlated with both SBP and DBP, and hight was also positively correlated with SBP or DBP. Our data inicated that blood pressure and hypertension prevalence of adolescents tended to increase and various internal and external environmental factors affected them. It was emphasized that blood pressure measurement should be done in every medical examination of adolescents and the nationwide Korean standard of blood pressure for adolescents have to be prepared. (Korean J Community Nutrition 1(2) : 178-188, 1996)