• 제목/요약/키워드: norepinephrine

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두풍(頭風)과 편두통(Migraine)에 대(對)한 동서의학적(東西醫學的) 문헌고찰(文獻考察) (The biblographical study on $T{\acute{o}}u\;f{\bar{e}}ng$ and Migraine -(Comparative study between Oriental and Western Medicine)-)

  • 오소조;정지천;이원철
    • 대한한방내과학회지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.129-138
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    • 1993
  • This report on the $T{\acute{o}}u\;f{\bar{e}}ng$ and Migraine comes to conclude, through the study of the Oriental- Western medical references, as follow; 1. First, $T{\acute{o}}u\;f{\bar{e}}ng$ and Migraine had some concurrencies that both the two symptoms have appeared severe and recurrent headache and more often to the female. 2 Many of them e.g. Sensory disturbance, Vertigo, Nausea, Vomiting, Tinnitus etc. in the prodrome and main symptom of $T{\acute{o}}u\;f{\bar{e}}ng$ and Migraine were identical, especially the symptom of the $f{\bar{e}}ng\;t{\acute{a}}n\;t{\acute{o}}u\;t{\grave{o}}ng$ was similar to the prodrome of the Migraine. We could find out the semilarity of the symptoms through that Migraine is proximately set in unilateral, and $Pi{\bar{a}}nT{\acute{o}}u\;f{\bar{e}}ng$ is so called alias $B{\grave{a}}n\;bi{\bar{a}}n\;t{\acute{o}}u\;t{\grave{o}}ng$. 3. The pathogeny of $T{\acute{o}}u\;f{\bar{e}}ng$ include the case of ‘$f{\bar{e}}ng\;xi{\acute{e}}\;r{\grave{u}}\;n{\bar{a}}o$’, the patient feeling weak condition, $T{\acute{a}}n,\;T{\acute{a}}nshi,\;T{\acute{a}}nhu{\breve{o}},\;Y{\grave{u}}q{\grave{i}}$, etc. and, ‘$t{\acute{a}}n\;zhu{\grave{o}}\;sh{\grave{a}}ng\;y{\acute{a}}o$’, ‘$G{\bar{a}}n\;y{\acute{a}}ng\;hu{\grave{a}}\;f{\bar{e}}ng$’. There were variable that $F{\bar{e}}ng,\;Xu{\grave{e}},\;F{\bar{e}}ngr{\grave{a}},\;F{\bar{e}}ngx{\bar{u}},\;Xu{\grave{e}}x{\bar{u}},\;Hu{\check{o}}$ in the left, and $t{\acute{a}}n,\;R{\grave{e}},\;t{\acute{a}}nr{\grave{e}},\;Qir{\acute{a}}$ in the right partial pathogeny. It was referred $Sh{\grave{a}}o\;y{\acute{a}}ng\;j{\bar{i}}ng$, $Ju{\acute{e}}\;y{\bar{i}}n\;j{\bar{i}}ng$, $Y{\acute{a}}ng\;m{\acute{i}}ng\;j{\bar{i}}ng$, $T{\grave{a}}i\;y{\acute{a}}ng\;j{\bar{i}}ng$ in connection with the Meridian system. And otherwise the primary cause of Migraine is still unknown to us. Heredity is probably important, but the mode of transmission is uncertain. Recently, the important assumption is the vasomotor change caused by vasoconstrictors like that norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin etc.

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대시호탕가미방(大柴胡湯加味方)이 고혈압(高血壓) 및 고지혈증(高脂血症)에 미치는 영향(影響) (A Experimental Study on the Effect of Kami-Daesihotang on Hyperlipidemia & Hypertension)

  • 박치상;박창국;한승동;박순달
    • 대한한방내과학회지
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.159-184
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    • 1998
  • The aim of the study was the experiment of the effect that Kami-Daesihotang had on the essential hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Rats were orally administered with Kami-Daesihotang for 30days and the constituent of the plasma and serum were analysed at the 10th, 20th and 30th day from the first day of experiment, respectively. The heart rate, blood pressure, plasma renin activity, plasma level of aldosterone, catecholamine, sodium and angiotensin II were measured after an oral administration of Kami-Daesihotang in SHR. In addition, serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and total lipid were measured with cholesterol-fed rats. The results were summarized as following ; 1. Single-dosage Kami-Daesihotang & double-dosage Kami-Daesihotang remarkably decreased the blood pressure in SHR. 2. Double-dosage Kami-Daesihotang were recognized as having the effect on the decreased of the pulse rate in SHR. 3. Plasma renin activity was significantly decreasd in SHR after single-dosage Kami-Daesihotang & double-dosage Kami-Daesihotang treatment. 4. Double-dosage Kami-Daesihotang considerably reduced the plasma angiotensin level in SHR. 5. Noticeable decreased of plasma norepinephrine level was showed in SHR, after single-dosage Kami-Daesihotang & double-dosage Kami-Daesihotang treatment. 6. Single-dosage Kami-Daesihotang & double-dosage Kami-Daesihotang noticeable reduced body weight in hyperlipidemia rats which had fed with 1% cholesterol. 7. Single-dosage Kami-Daesihotang & double-dosage Kami-Daesihotang had a significantly decreasing effect on serum total cholesterol in hyperlipidemia rats which had fed with 1% cholesterol. 8. Serum triglyceride level was importantly decreased in hyperlipidemia rats which had fed with 1% cholesterol, after single-dosage Kami-Daesihotang & double-dosage Kami-Daesihotang treatment. 9. Remarkable decreased of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol level was found in hyperlipidemia rats which had fed with 1% cholesterol, after single-dosage Kami-Daesihotang & double-dosage Kami-Daesihotang treatment. 10. Double-dosage Kami-Daesihotang was showed a significantly decreasing effect on serum total lipid level in hyperlipidemia rats which had fed with 1% cholesterol. 11. Single-dosage Kami-Daesihotang noticeably reduced organ weight of liver, kidney, spleen and testis in hyperlipidemia rats which had fed with 1% cholesterol. Double-dosage Kami-Daesihotang significantly decreased organ weight of liver, kidney and spleen in hyperlipidemia rats. These Findings suggest a possible anti-hypertensive and hyperlipidemic effect of Kami-Daesihotang.

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Effects of Preemptive Analgesia with Parecoxib Sodium on Haemodynamics and Plasma Stress Hormones in Surgical Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma

  • Wang, Lian-Dong;Gao, Xia;Li, Jun-Ying;Yu, Hong-Yan;Su, Hai-Wen;Liu, Lian-Zhong;Qi, Jun
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제16권9호
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    • pp.3977-3980
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    • 2015
  • Background: To investigate the effects of preemptive analgesia with parecoxib sodium on haemodynamics and plasma stress hormones in surgical patients with thyroid carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven patients with thyroid carcinoma who underwent thyroidectomy selectively in Laiwu Hospital Affiliated to Taishan Medical University and Binzhou People's Hospital were selected and randomly divided into three groups, 19 cases in each group. The control group was intravenously injected 0.9% sodium chloride injection before anesthesia induction; trial group I was intravenously injected with parecoxib sodium 20 min before anesthesia induction; based on trial group I, trial group II was injected with parecoxib sodium again 12 h after surgery. The levels of plasma norepinephrine (NE), cortisol (Cor) and blood glucose before, 12 and 24 h after surgery and changes of haemodynamics before surgery, at the end of surgery and 12, 24 and 48 h after surgery were compared in the three groups. Besides, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were recorded 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after surgery. Results: 12 and 24 h after surgery, the levels of plasma NE and Cor in three groups rose dramatically (P<0.05 or (P<0.01); The levels of plasma NE and Cor in trial groups I and II were evidently lower than in control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and those in trial group II slightly lower than in trial group I. 12 h after surgery, the heart rates (HR) and systolic pressures (SBP) in trial groups I and II increased obviously by comparison to surgery before (P<0.05 or P<0.01), but gradually returned to the preoperative level. HR, SBP and diastolic pressures (DBP) in trial groups I and II at the end of surgery and 12 h after surgery were all lower than in the control group, and significant differences were present (P<0.05 or (P<0.01). At 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after surgery, VAS scores in trial groups I and II were markedly lower than in the control group (P<0.05 or (P<0.01), the scores in trial group II being the lowest. Conclusions: Combined application of parecoxib sodium for preemptive analgesia before anesthesia and after surgery can effectively reduce the levels of plasma stress hormones and improve analgesic effects in surgical patients with thyroid carcinoma, and without conspicuous impact on haemodynamics.

발달학적 정신약물학 - 발달학적 약동학, 약역학 및 약물유전학 - (DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY - DEVELOPMENTAL PHARMACOKINETICS, PHARMACODYNAMICS AND PHARMACOGENETICS -)

  • 조수철
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.157-173
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    • 2003
  • 성인기에 비하여 소아의 정신약물학은 역사도 짧고 아직 체계도 잡혀 있지 않은 상태이다. 약물의 안정성, 효능, 장기 투여에 따르는 부작용에 대한 연구도 아직 초보적인 수준이다. 임상적인 측면에 있어서도 항우울제, 항정신병약물, 중추신경흥분제 등에 대한 반응이 성인기와는 일부 다른 반응을 보이기도 한다. 또한 연구분야에 있어서도 연구 윤리상 성인기에 비하여 많은 제한이 있다. 이에 본고에서는 발달학적 약역학에서는 약물의 흡수, 분포, 대사 및 배설과정에 있어서 어떠한 차이가 있는가를 살펴보았다. 아울러 특정 약물(항정신병약물, 항우울제, lithium, 중추신경흥분제, 항경련제 등)의 약역학에 대하여도 그 특성을 논하였다. 발달학적 약동학에서는 주요 수용체의 개체발생적인 과정과 그 과정이 갖는 임상적인 의미에 대하여 논하였다. 약물유전학적 측면에서는 약물유전학의 약역학적 측면, 약동학적 측면에 대하여 논하였다. Dopamine 관련 대립인자와 관련된 연관연구들에 있어서는 주의력결핍, 과잉운동장애, 뚜렛증후군에 대한 연구들에 대하여 살펴보았다. 대립인자와 관련된 약물유전연구에 있어서는 dopamine 수용체의 다형성과 clozapine, bromocriptine, haloperidol, methylphenidate에 대한 반응과의 관련성에 대하여 살펴보았다. 또한 serotonin 관련 수용체의 다형성과 약물반응과의 연관성에 대하여도 함께 논하였다. 이러한 연구들을 바탕으로 향후 소아 또는 청소년기의 약물투여에 있어서 발달학적인 특성과 함께 개인적인 특성이 고려된 투약이 시행되어야 할 것이다.

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당뇨병 백서의 복부 대동맥 운동성에 대한 Vit C 의 보호효과 (The Protective Effects of Ascorbic Acid on the Vascular Motilities in Streptozotocin- induced Diabetic Rat)

  • 김영진;양기민;조대윤;손동섭;이무열
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제34권7호
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    • pp.515-523
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    • 2001
  • 배경: 당뇨병 환자에서 사망률과 이환률의 원인은 70%이상 혈관계의 합병증에 기인한다. 이러한 합병증은 혈관 내피세포 이완 작용 이상과 연관되어 있으며 이는 oxygen free radical의 직접적인 독성으로 추정되어 본 연구는 당뇨를 유발시킨 백서 복부 대동맥 운동성에 대한 Vit C의 보호효과를 연구 목적으로 한다. 대상 및 방법: 백서 60마리를 실험군(n=33)과 대조군(n=27)으로 나누고 실험 군은 streptozotocin을 투여하여 당뇨를 유발시켰다. 각각 실험 군과 대조군을 ascorbic acid를 투여한 군과 투여하지 않은 군으로 세분한 후 ascorbic acid투여 직후, 6주, 9주, 12주후의 복부 대동맥 혈관근육의 운동성을 측정하였다. 결과: 대조군의 경우 6주째 복부 대동맥 절편에서 acetylcholine투여 후 정상적인 이완반응이 나타났으나 실험군의 경우 현저히 저하됨이 관찰되었다. 9, 12주 째 절편에서는 실험군 중 ascorbic acid투여군에서 acetylcholine에 의한 이완반응이 거의 대조군에서의 결과와 일치할 정도로 회복되었다. 결론: 이상의 결과로 당뇨병을 유발한 백서에서 내피세포 의존적인 장애가 나타남을 확인할 수 있었으며 이러한 장애는 ascorbic acid의 투여로 회복됨을 알 수 있었으며 그 효과는 항산화 작용에서 비롯된 것으로 생각되므로 ascorbic acid가 당뇨환자의 혈관성 질환에 대해 보호적 효과를 보일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

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Adenosine 수용체 작동제 장기 투여의 신장효과 (Renal Effects of Chronic Treatment Of Adenosine Analogues)

  • 김택희;김선희;허종;조경우
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제1권3호
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    • pp.325-335
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    • 1997
  • Evidence for the existance of at least two subclasses of renal adenosine receptors has been presented. N-6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) is a relatively selective $A_1$ adenosine agonists, whereas 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) acts as a preferential agonist of $A_2$ adenoisne receptor. N6-(L-2-phenylisoproryl)-adenosine (PIA) almost unselectively activates both $A_1\;and\;A_2$ adenosine receptors at micromolar concentrations. During the characterization of adenosine receptor in the kidney, we have discovered a novel phenomenon, that is, an intramuscular administration of CHA for 3 days caused a diuresis and a suppression of urinary concentrating ability. To further characterize this novel phenomenon, an intramuscular administration of adenosine and other adenosine angonists, PIA and NECA, and prior treatment of adenosine antagonists, caffeine, theophylline and 1,3-diethyl-8-phenyl-xanthine (DPX) were performed. Systemic administration of CHA, PIA, and NECA for 3 days caused a suppression in heart rate, blood pressure and general motor activity without change in rectal temperature. Systemic administration of CHA, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg/day, for 3 days caused a dose-dependent increase in urine volume and decrease in urinary osmolarity and free water reabsorption. This phenomenon was reversible and repeatable. Administration of adenosine (40 mg/kg/day) produced no apparent effect on the renal function, whereas PIA (2 mg/kg/day) produced an similar effect to CHA on the renal function. Systemic adminstration of NECA, 0.025, 0.05 and 0.25 mg/kg/day, for 3 days caused a dose-dependent increase in urine volume and dose-dependent increases in excreted amount of creatinine, urinary osmolarity and free water reabsorption. These renal effects of adenosine agonist were maximum at second day during the drug administration. In terms of increase in urine volume and the suppression of urinary concentrating ability, NECA was potent than CHA. Prior treatment of caffeine (50 mg/kg/day) or theophylline (50 mg/kg/day) abolished the diuretic effect of CHA, whereas DPX (50 mg/kg/day) did not affect the CHA effect. CHA, 0.5 mg/kg/day, produced no change in plasma renin activity and plasma levels of aldosterone, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. These results suggest that this novel phenomenon produced by an activation of renal adenosine receptors plays an important role in urinary concentrating mechanism.

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Mechanism of L-NAME-Resistant Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation Induced by Acetylcholine in Rabbit Renal Artery

  • Yeon, Dong-Soo;Ahn, Duck-Sun;Lee, Young-Ho;Kwon, Seong-Chun
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제4권6호
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    • pp.471-477
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    • 2000
  • In the rabbit renal artery, acetylcholine $(ACh,\;1\;nM{\sim}10\;{\mu}M)$ induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of arterial rings precontracted with norepinephrine $(NE,\;1\;{\mu}M)$ in a dose-dependent manner. $N^G-nitro- L-arginine$ (L-NAME, 0.1 mM), an inhibitor of NO synthase, or ODQ $(1\;{\mu}M),$ a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, partially inhibited the ACh-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation. The ACh-induced relaxation was abolished in the presence of 25 mM KCl and L-NAME. The cytochrome P450 inhibitors, 7- ethoxyresorufin $(7-ER,\;10\;{\mu}M),$ miconazole $(10\;{\mu}M),$ or 17-octadecynoic acid $(17-ODYA,\;10\;{\mu}M),$ failed to inhibit the ACh-induced relaxation in the presence of L-NAME. 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid $(11,12-EET,\;10\;{\mu}M)$ had no relaxant effect. The ACh-induced relaxation observed in the presence of L-NAME was significantly reduced by a combination of iberiotoxin $(0.3\;{\mu}M)$ and apamin $(1\;{\mu}M),$ and almost completely blocked by 4-aminopyridine (5 mM). The ACh-induced relaxation was antagonized by $P_{2Y}$ receptor antagonist, cibacron blue $(10\;and\;100\;{\mu}M),$ in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, 2-methylthio-ATP (2MeSATP), a potent $P_{2Y}$ agonist, induced the endothelium-dependent relaxation, and this relaxation was markedly reduced by either the combination of iberiotoxin and apamin or by cibacron blue. In conclusion, in renal arteries isolated from rabbit, ACh produced non-NO relaxation that is mediated by an EDHF. The results also suggest that ACh may activate the release of ATP from endothelial cells, which in turn activates $P_{2Y}$ receptor on the endothelial cells. Activation of endothelial $P_{2Y}$ receptors induces a release of EDHF resulting in a vasorelaxation via a mechanism that involves activation of both the voltage-gated $K^+$ channels and the $Ca^{2+}-activated\;K^+\;channels$. The results further suggest that EDHF does not appear to be a cytochrome P450 metabolite.

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태(太)·소음인(少陰人)의 처방(處方)이 스트레스유발(誘發) 백서(白鼠)의 자율신경기능(自律神經機能)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Influence of T'aeŭmin and Soŭmin Prescriptions on the Activity of Autonomic Nervous System in Rats Received Stress)

  • 송정모;송일병;고병희
    • 사상체질의학회지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.183-212
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    • 1995
  • In order to investigate the influence of four Sasang prescriptions, $So{\breve{u}}min$ P'almunjat'ang(SPG), $So{\breve{u}}min$ Sltibimikwanjungt'ang(SSK), $T^{\prime}ae{\breve{u}}min$ $Chowis{\breve{u}}ngch^{\prime}{\breve{o}}ngt^{\prime}ang$(TCS), and $T^{\prime}ae{\breve{u}}min$ $Ch^{\prime}{\breve{o}}ngp^{\prime}yesagant^{\prime}ang$(TCP), on the activity of the autonomic nervous system in the rats exposed to noise and vibration stress, the contents of catecholamines in the urine, body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and stomach mucosa change were checked in this experiment. The results obtained were as follows; 1. On the 7th and 12th days from the beginning, the experimental indexes of the controled group were increased more than those of the normal group, and it meant that the noise and vibration stress induced an autonomic nervous system disorder in rats. 2. The urine-epinephrine contents in all experimental groups were decreased more than in the controled group, and in the Tcs and the Tcp groups those were significantly decreased on the 7th and 12th days. 3. The urine-norepinephrine contents in the SPK, TCS, and the TCP groups were significantly decreased on the 7th day, and in the TCS and the SPG groupsthose were significantly decredsed on the 12th day. 4. The urine-dopamine contents in the TCS group were significantlly decreased on the 12th day. 5. The body temperaature was decreased significantly in the SPG and the SSK groups on the 7th day. 6. The heart rate was significantly decreased in the SPG group on the 7th day, and it was decreased significantly in the SPG and the SSK groups on the 12th day. 7. The blood pressure was decreased in ghe SPG group significantly on the 7th day. 8. The stomach mucosa remarkably recovered from gastric ulcers in the SPG group and significantly recorvered in the other groups on the 7th day. From the above findings, th could be assumed that Taeumin and Soumin prescriptions had some significant influence on the control of the autonomic nervous system in the rats that recieved stress.

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족삼음경의 락혈에 시술된 침 자극에 의한 NO, NOS, NE 발현 연구 (Studies on NO, nNOS, eNOS, iNOS and NE Expression by Acupuncture at SP4, KI4 and LR5)

  • 이유미;신욱;최동희;김미래;나창수;윤대환
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.37-46
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    • 2017
  • Objectives : The acupuncture about acupoint affects the production of NO, NOS, and NE.Local action of acupuncture is important for acupuncture treatment. To prove this, the revelation degree of NO, NOS, and NE was observed by stimulating the acupuncture at the connecting point of SP4, KI4, and LR5 in the depths of Superficial layer, Middle layer and Deep layer. Methods : Needles were inserted into rats, on each right and left sides of the connecting point, SP4, KI4 and LR5 acupoints which are the stream points of the foot meridian. After insertion, needles were retained for three minutes. After the retention, rat was sacrificed via cardiac puncture, and tissues of each SP4, KI4 and LR5 point near meridian vessel was extracted to examine the changes in the expression of NO, NOS and NE. Results : In terms of the effect in NO production, there was significant increase in the Superficial layer, Middle layer and Deep layer at KI4. In terms of the effect in NE production, there was significant decrease in the Superficial layer at SP4 and increase in the Superficial layer, Middle layer and Deep layer at LR5. In terms of the effect in nNOS production, there was significant increase in the Superficial layer, Middle layer and Deep layer at SP4 also in the Superficial layer at KI4. In terms of the effect in eNOS production, there was a significant increase in the Superficial layer, Middle layer and Deep layer at SP4, KI4 and LR5. In terms of the effect in iNOS production, there was significant increase in the Superficial layer, Middle layer and Deep layer at SP4, KI4 and LR5. Conclusions : The effect of acupuncture applied at the connecting point of six meridians of the foot on the activities of NO, NOS and NE could be observed, and it can be induced from the effect of needle stimulation on disrupted local and systemic nervous responses.

Transfection of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with the FGF-2 Gene Improves Their Survival Under Hypoxic Conditions

  • Song, Heesang;Kwon, Kihwan;Lim, Soyeon;Kang, Seok-Min;Ko, Young-Guk;Xu, ZhengZhe;Chung, Ji Hyung;Kim, Byung-Soo;Lee, Hakbae;Joung, Boyoung;Park, Sungha;Choi, Donghoon;Jang, Yangsoo;Chung, Nam-Sik;Yoo, Kyung-Jong;Hwang, Ki-Chul
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.402-407
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    • 2005
  • Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown potential for cardiac repair following myocardial injury, but this approach is limited by their poor viability after transplantation. To reduce cell loss after transplantation, we introduced the fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) gene ex vivo before transplantation. The isolated MSCs produced colonies with a fibroblast-like morphology in 2 weeks; over 95% expressed CD71, and 28% expressed the cardiomyocyte-specific transcription factor, Nkx2.5, as well as ${\alpha}$-skeletal actin, Nkx2.5, and GATA4. In hypoxic culture, the FGF-2-transfected MSCs (FGF-2-MSCs) secreted increased levels of FGF-2 and displayed a threefold increase in viability, as well as increased expression of the anti-apoptotic gene, Bcl2, and reduced DNA laddering. They had functional adrenergic receptors, like cardiomyocytes, and exposure to norepinephrine led to phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Viable cells persisted 4 weeks after implantation of $5.0{\times}10^5$ FGF-2-MSCs into infarcted myocardia. Expression of cardiac troponin T (CTn T) and a voltage-gated $Ca^{2+}$ channel (CaV2.1) increased, and new blood vessels formed. These data suggest that genetic modification of MSCs before transplantation could be useful for treating myocardial infarction and end-stage cardiac failure.