• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.242-245
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• 2011

Socheongryong-tang has been used for the treatment of inflammatory allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in Asian countries. This study was conducted to investigate the safety of Socheongryong-tang in rats. The safety of this tang on acute toxicity was evaluated by single dose toxicity study. Rats were orally administrated in a single dose of 0 and 2000 mg/kg (limited dose) Socheongryong-tang. There were 7 rats in each groups. All animals were sacrificed after 14 days of treatment. After single administration, mortality, clinlcal signs, body weight changes and gross pathological findings were observed for 14 days. Three parameters were tested: organ weight measurement, clinical chemistry, and hematology. In this study with rats, Socheongryong-tang treatment did not show any acute toxicity. No mortality was noted for 14 days of treatment. There were no adverse effects on clinical signs, body weight, organ eight and gross pathological findings at all treatment groups. The clinical chemistry parameters attesting to liver and kidney functions as well as the hematological parameters were within the normal ranges. From single dose toxicity study with rats, it is considered that $LD_{50}$ of Socheongryong-tang is over 2000 mg/kg in oral administration. This finding of the safety on single dose toxicity study of Socheongryong-tang are expected to strengthen the position of Socheongryong-tang as nontoxic medicine.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2009

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play an important role in tumor invasion, angiogenesis and inflammatory tissue destruction. Increased expression of MMP was observed in benign tissue hyperplasia and in atherosclerotic lesions. Invasive cancer cells utilize MMP to degrade the extracellular matrix and vascular basement membrane during metastasis, where MMP-2 has been implicated in the development and dissemination of malignancies. The present study attempted to examine the antiangiogenic activity of the medicinal herbs of Aspergillus usamii var. shirousamii-transformed Angelicae Gigantis Radix and Zizyphus jujube (tAgR and tZj) with respect to MMP-2 production and endothelial motility in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)- or VEGF-exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Nontoxic tAgR and tZj substantially suppressed PMA-induced MMP-2 secretion. In addition, $25{\mu}g/mL$ tAgR and tZj prevented vascular endothelial growth factor-stimulated endothelial cell transmigration and tube formation. The results reveal that tAgR and tZj dampened endothelial MMP-2 production leading to endothelial transmigration and tube formation. tAgR and tZj-mediated inhibition of endothelial MMP may boost a therapeutic efficacy during vascular angiogenesis.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2008

Research materials used were 55 kinds of flower teas proven in medicinal efficacy based on publications in oriental medicinal science. Efficacy in oriental medical science of the selected plants was classified into 11 groups, exterior-relieving herbs, removing dampness by promoting diuresis herbs, heatclearing herbs, purgative herbs, tonic herbs, qi-activating herbs, herbs as blood-tonics, herbs warming the intestine, qi-regulating herbs, herbs for removing dampness by means of aromatics, and herbs activating blood. Moreover, they were assorted by fever (hot, warm, slightly warm, common, cool, and cold), flavor (sweet, bitter, spicy, sour, and salty), and toxicity (toxic or nontoxic). Generally, flower teas have been known to be drinkable by all people. However, it is important to select proper flower teas considering physical constitution and health condition of the individual. One should be cautious in drinking flower teas containing toxic ingredients and weak people should be prohibited drinking them. Further clinical study on efficacy of flower teas will contribute to commercialization of these teas.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2014

This study aimed to synthesize dispersed and reactive nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) with poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVP/VA), nontoxic and biodegradable stabilizer. The nZVI used for the experiments was prepared by reduction of ferric solution in the presence of PVP/VA with specific weight ratios to iron contents. Colloidal stability was investigated based on the rate of sedimentation, hydrodynamic radius and zeta potential measurement. The characteristic time, which demonstrated dispersivity of particles resisting aggregation, increased from 21.2 min (bare nZVI) to 97.8 min with increasing amount of PVP/VA (the ratios of 2). For the most stable nZVI coated by PVP/VA, its reactivity was examined by nitrate reduction in a closed batch system. The pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constants for the nitrate reduction by the nanoparticles with PVP/VA ratios of 0 and 2 were 0.1633 and $0.1395min^{-1}$ respectively. A nitrogen mass balance, established by quantitative analysis of aqueous nitrogen species, showed that the addition of PVP/VA to nZVI can change the reduction capacity of the nanoparticles.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.317-324
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• 2019

This study focuses on the role of nanotechnology in the field of food industries. Bioactive components with antimicrobial activity against food pathogens are encapsulated into nanoparticles (NPs) to improve and extend their efficiency in food preservation. However, these NPs should be biocompatible and nontoxic for humans. Advancement in this field has resulted in the development of NPs for food packaging in some industries. The most commonly used group of NPs in the food industry is metal oxide. As metal oxide NPs such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide exhibit antimicrobial activity in food materials, the NPs can be used for food preservation with enhanced functional properties. The application and effects of nanotechnology in correlation with the nutritional and sensory properties of foods were briefly discussed with a few insights into safety regulations on nano-based food formulation and preservation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2022

Tetanus is a potentially fatal public health illness resulted from the neurotoxins generated by Clostridium tetani. C. tetani is not easily culturable and culturing the relevant bacteria from infected wounds has rarely been useful in diagnosis; PCR-based assays can only be conducted at highly sophisticated laboratories. Therefore, a real-time recombinase polymerase amplification assay (Exo-RPA) was constructed to identify the fragments of the neurotoxin gene of C. tetani. Primers and the exo probe targeting the conserved region were designed, and the resulting amplicons could be detected in less than 20 min, with a detection limit of 20 copies/reaction. The RPA assay displayed good selectivity, and there were no cross-reactions with other infectious bacteria common in penetrating wounds. Tests of target-spiked serum and pus extract revealed that RPA is robust to interfering factors and has great potential for further development for biological sample analysis. This method has been confirmed to be reliable for discriminating between toxic and nontoxic C. tetani strains. The RPA assay dramatically improves the diagnostic efficacy with simplified device architecture and is a promising alternative to real-time PCR for tetanus detection.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1969

To clarify the hematologic effects of the radioiodine ($^{131}I$) in therapeutic doses ($5{\sim}10$ mCi) on the various thyroid patients, authors studied the peripheral blood pictures of 396 goitrous patients before and after radioiodine ($^{131}I$) administrations in the Isotope Clinic of Seoul National University Hospital. Among these 396 cases of goiters, we gave 5 to 10 mCi of radioiodine ($^{131}I$) with single or fractionated administrations. The blood pictures of peripheral blood were repeated after 3 months in 40 cases of 65 cases who had been treated with $^{131}I$. The blood pictures of non-treated thyroid patients were compared with that of normal Korean values to clarify any difference between normal and goiter. The blood pictures of hyperthyroid patients treated with $^{131}I$ therapy were compared with the blood pictures of non-treated thyroid patients. The results were as following: 1) The incidence according to type: Toxic diffuse goiter: 35.4% Nontoxic nodular goiter: 29.7% Euthyroid: 13.8% Nontoxic diffuse goiter: 12.6% Hypothyroidism: 4.3% Thyroiditis($\bar{s}$ subacute form): 1.8% Toxic nodular goiter: 1.4% Malignancy: 1.0% 2) Age incidence: The range of distribution was 11 to 71 years. The peak incidence was found in the 4th decade of life. $80.6{\sim}82.6%$ of those 396 cases were found among the 3rd, 4th and the 5th decades of life. 3) Sex incidence: Sex ratio of male:female was 1:7.8. 4) The most outstanding findings in peripheral blood before treatment were decreased erythrocyte count and hemoglobin value in all types of thyroid diseases, especially in. the cases of hypothyroidism and thyroiditis. Hook worm-infested patients showed no significant difference in erythrocytes and hemoglobin values from those of other hook worm free patients. 5) Total leukocytes count was within normal range. Differential count of W.B.C. showed increased percentile of lymphocyte in diffuse toxic goiter and thyroiditis. 6) 39 cases of diffuse goiter treated with $^{131}I$ toxic showed amelioration in the anemia and restoration to normal range of lymphocyte count in association with increased percentile of neutrophiles 3 months after administration, except a case of toxic nodular goiter. One can observe anemia in slight degree, and increased lymphocytes count in hypothyroidism. Therapeutic dose of radioiodine ($^{131}I$) does not result any residual effect on the hematopoietic function. Radioiodine ($^{131}I$) therapy resulted in improvement of thyroid function in association of amelioration of pevious abnormal blood pictures. 7) Authors did not observe any myxedema resulted from radioiodine therapy during the 3 months period in this study.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-35
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of this study is to find the therapeutic meaning of the Portulacea in herbal medication. Methods : About the origin, the component, the processing the drug, the properties and tastes of drugs, the meridian tropism, the effects, the treating disease, the contraindication and the method of administration, I have researched thirty literatures to mention the Portulacea in time sequence. Results : 1. The Portulacea belongs to the Portulacaceae herbs and it consists of noradrenaline, potassium sometimes containing small amounts of dopamine, dopa, malic acid, citric acid, glutamine acid, asparagin acid, alanine, cane sugar, grape sugar, fruit sugar. 2. The processing of drug is wash of water clealy, and remove the foreign substance. Then the drug is cutting to use. The method of burnt to ashes is used, too. 3. The properties and tastes of drugs is acid, cold, nontoxic. The meridian tropism is mainly liver and the large intestine meridian. 4. From old times, Portulacea has come into general use to treat eczema, the rose erysipelas, an acne, hemorrhoids, discharge from the womb etc. because it is effective on neutralizing poison, reduce a swelling, a tumor, an abscess and stopping of bleeding 5. Portulacea must be stoped When person have a weak digestive organ becase it is cold herba. And don't take use with Fish and shellfish. 6. Portulacea is useful method to external care. To use the herba, pulverize amount of property and then apply to the the affected part Conclusions : This study showed that the Portulacea is useful herb to treat of skin disease and useful method to external care.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.75-78
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• 2000

The present study was conducted for the data of toxicity and taste components of the pufferfish, Sphoeroides annulayus (bull's eye fuller), transported from Mexico. All other parts including muscle and skin were nontoxic ranging below $10\;{\mu/g$ except gonad, The amounts of IMP and ADP were $5.6\;{\mu}mol/g\;and\;2.7\;{\mu}mol/g$, and the ratio to the total ATP and its related compounds was $41.1{\%}$. The great portion of free amino acids in the muscle of the puffer was occupied by L-glycine, L-alanine, L-anserine, L-threonine and L-valine. Their amounts were $233.5 mg/100 g, 169.0 mg/100 g, 149.1 mg/100 g, 135.7 mg/100 g and 132.3 mg/100 g$. Their concentration ratio to total free amino acids were $14.28{\%},\;10.33{\%},\;9.12{\%},\;8.30{\%}\;and\;8.09{\%}$, respectively. The content was $50.12{\%}$ of the total free amino acids. In addition, the amounts of taurine and L-histidine were 119.3mg/100 g and 14,7 mg/100 g.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2010

Hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been an increasing problem worldwide since the initial reports over 40 years ago. To examine new drug leads with potential antibacterial activities, Various N'-[(-3-substituted-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]-4-hydroxy benzohydrazide (4a-4.i) and N'-[-(3,4-disubstituted)-1,3-thiazolidin-2ylidene)]-4-hydroxybenzohydrazide from (5.a-5.i) to (10.a-10.i) were synthesized using appropriate synthetic route. The entire test compounds (4.a-4.i) and from (5.a-5.i) to (10.a-10.i) were assayed in vitro against s. aureus strain. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for test compounds and for reference standards. The test compounds showed significant antibacterial activity against the strains used, when tested in vitro. In general, p-hydroxybenzohydrazide ring and substituted thiazoline ring are essential for antimicrobial activity. Among the compounds tested, compounds 6.f, 7.g, 9.f and 10.f, 10 i were found to be most potent. The test compounds were found nontoxic upto the dose level of 2000 ${\mu}g$/mL. The intact compounds were then subjected for 3D-QSAR studies. 3D-QSAR study based on the principal of alignment of pharmacophoric features by Schrodinger PHASE module. The 3D-QSAR study allowed us to confirm the preferential binding mode of p-hydroxybenzohydrazide inside the active site.