• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.6-13
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• 2010

Esterification reaction between succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol was kinetically investigated in the presence of nontoxic organometallic compound catalyst(ESCAT-100E) at $150-190^{\circ}C$. The reaction rates measured by the amount of distilled water from the reaction vessel. The Esterification reaction was carried out under the first order conditions respect to the concentration of reactants, respectively. The overall reaction order was 2nd. The linear relationship was shown between apparent reaction rate constant and reciprocal absolute temperature. By the Arrhenius plot the activation energy have been calculated as 376.13 kJ/mol under nontoxic organometallic compound catalyst and also apparent reaction rate constant, k' was found to obey first kinetics with respect to the concentration of catalyst.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.33-38
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• 1969

The serum thyroxine levels were measured by method of Tetrasorb Kit in 69 subjects including 13 subjects in euthyroid state, 31 with hyperthyroidism, 5 with hypothyroidism, 13 with nontoxic diffuse goiter, and 7 with nontoxic nodular goiter. Three parameters of the thyroid function test including thyroxine ($T_4$) levels, $^{131}I$ uptake (24 hrs) values and $PB^{131}I$ conversion ratio were correlated with clinical manifestations and courses of the disease. 1. The serum $T_4$ levels in the normal subjects were in range of $6.0{\mu}g/dl\;to\;14.4{\mu}g/dl$. (The mean $9.4{\mu}g/dl$). 2. The diagnostic compatibility of the serum $T_4$ was 93.5% in hyperthyroidism, 100% both in hypothyroidism and in nontoxic diffuse goiter, 86% in nontoxic nodular goiter, or 95.8% in the entire series. (Table 1). 3. The diagnostic compatibility of $^{131}I$ uptake (24 hrs) values and $PB^{131}I$ conversion ratio were less than the serum $T_4$ levels as summarized in Tables 2 & 3. The serum $T_4$ determination by Tetrasorb Kit is a simple, accurate and very useful test of the thyroid function.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.88
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• pp.170-171
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• 2000

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.301-308
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• 2004

The morphology of the apical pore complex, the first apical plate and the posterior sulcal plates in a new isolate of Alexandrium tamarense (Lebour) Balech from the Bay of Chinhae was compared with other that of toxic strains of A. tamarense previously isolated from Korean waters. Although this isolate was morphologically identical to these toxic strains, high performance liquid chromatography and mouse bioassay showed no evidence of toxin production. The nontoxic A. tamarense strain showed a strong positive binding activity with PNA lectin, indicating a high density of lactose and galactose residues on the cell surface, and in SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis a unique protein of about 21-kDa molecular sizes was observed. These findings demonstrate that the use of PNA and immunobioassay could be used to discriminate between toxic and nontoxic strains of A. tamarense.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.612-619
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• 2015

We have synthesized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using chicken feathers (poultry waste) and Bacillus subtilis RSE163. Disulfide reductase and keratinase produced by Bacillus subtilis during the degradation of chicken feather has been used to reduce Au³⁺ from HAuCl₄ precursor to produce gold nanoparticles. The synthesized biogenic GNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and zeta potential measurements. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated the presence of protein capping on synthesized GNPs, imparting multifunctionality to the GNP surface. Furthermore, the nontoxic nature of biogenic GNPs was insured by interaction with Escherichia coli (ATCC11103), where TEM images and enhancement of growth rate of E. coli in log phase signified their nontoxic nature. The results indicate that the synthesis of biocompatible GNPs using poultry waste may find potential applications in drug delivery and sensing.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2018

This paper aims to evaluate the results of toxicity testing with Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri on wastewater samples which might be influenced by ion imbalance. The effluents from factories were found to be more toxic with high salinity levels than those from public wastewater treatment plant (WTP) and sewage treatment plant (SWP). Clion composition was highest in the effluent, in terms of percentage, which was followed by $Na^+$, $SO_4^{2-}$ and $Ca^{2+}$. $K^+$ and $Mg^{2+}$ ion was relatively low. The sensitivity of D. magna test results was higher than V. fischeri. Among samples which were proved by V. fischeri testing to be nontoxic, the composition ratio of each ion whether toxic samples or nontoxic samples which were decided by D. magna toxicity testing, were compared. $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ ion composition ratio showed high level in nontoxic samples whereas $SO_4^{2-}$ and $Cl^-$ ion composition ratio was high in toxic samples. Accordingly, $SO_4^{2-}$ and $Cl^-$ ion seemed to be considered the ions causing toxicity in effluent. Toxicity from some categories of industries (Mining of non-metallic minerals, Manufacture of basic organic petrochemicals, Manufacture of other basic organic chemicals, Manufacture of other chemical products etc.) seemed to be influenced by salinity. The Ion concentration in influent and effluent were similar. Concentration of $Na^+$, $Cl^-$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$ ions were high in influent, however $Mg^{2+}$ and $SO_4^{2-}$ ions were high in effluent.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.776-784
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• 2023

Objective: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of dietary nontoxic sulfur (NTS) on growth performance, immune response, sulfur amino acid composition and meat characteristics in growing-finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 140 crossbred pigs ([Yorkshire×Landrace]×Duroc) with an average body weight of 34.73±0.66 kg were used for the 12-week feeding trial. Experimental pigs were allotted to one of 5 treatments in 4 replicates of 7 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. The experimental treatments were as follows (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% NTS levels): i) Control, corn soybean meal (SBM)-based diet; ii) NTS 0.1, basal diet + NTS 0.1%; iii) NTS 0.2, basal diet + NTS 0.2%; iv) NTS 0.4, basal diet + NTS 0.4%. Results: Body weight increased linearly as dietary NTS levels increased up to 0.2% (linear; p = 0.04) in the early finishing phase (9 weeks). During the whole experimental period, body weight and average daily gain linearly increased as the dietary NTS level increased in the diet (linear; both p = 0.01), but quadratic responses in body weight and average daily gain were observed with the addition of NTS 0.4% (quadratic, both p = 0.01). In the late finishing period, the IgG concentration increased linearly (linear; p = 0.01) as the dietary NTS level increased up to 4%. In the finishing period, a linear response was observed as a dietary NTS level was added (linear; p = 0.03), and supplementation with 0.2% NTS resulted in a higher methionine content than the other treatments (quadratic; p = 0.01). NST 0.2% had a lower value of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (quadratic; p = 0.01). Conclusion: Consequently, supplementation with dietary NTS up to 0.2% could improve growth performance, amino acid composition in hair and meat antioxidation capacity.

• Proceedings of the Malacological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.17-18
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.251.1-251.1
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• 2003

(+)-Hernandulcin and (+)-4${\beta}$-HYdroxyhernandulcin was isolated as a sweet bisabolane sesquiterpene constituent of the Mexican plant Lippia dulcis Trev. (Verbenaceae) and has shown to be 1,000-1,500 times as sweet as sucrose. Natural (+)-hernandulcin was nontoxic when administered orally to mice and it did not induce bacterial mutation. (omitted)

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.509-514
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• 2004

Six new serovarieties of B. thuringiensis carrying specific H-antigen have minor differences in biochemical characteristics and morphological characteristics of crystals, which are commonly resistant against four antibiotics. The B. thuringiensis serovar. coreanensis is nontoxic to silkworm larvae, but it is moderately toxic against the Culex pipiens larvae. The B. thuringiensis serovar. konkukian and leesis are nontoxic against mosquitos larvae, but are toxic against silkworm larvae. The B. thuringiensis serovar. seoulensis, sooncheon, and yosoo are highly toxic to B. mori larvae and moderately toxic to C. pipiens larvae. The six serovarieties harbor different plasmid DNA patterns. A 102-kDa protein is a major crystal protein in the four serovarieties and a 86-kDa protein is in one serovariety.