• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.367-380
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• 2024

Investigations has shown that the correct estimation of the effective amplification period is as important as the amplification value itself. It gets more important in 2D basins. This study presents a quantitative coefficient for consideration of the nonlinearity effect in terms of amplification value and the shift in its period which is missing or ineffectively considered in the previous studies. To attain this goal, by the application of a time domain fully nonlinear method, the deviation of the more common equivalent linear results from the basin nonlinear behavior under strong ground motions is investigated quantitatively. Also, despite the increase in the damping ratio, the possibility of the increase in the amplification due to the increase in motion strength is shown. To make the results useful in engineering practice, by introducing nonlinearity ratio, the effect of the nonlinearity is quantitatively estimated for two soft and stiff clayey basins with three different depths under a set of motions scaled to two target spectrum. Results show that at the 100 m depth soft clayey basin, while the nonlinearity ratio shows a 35% deviation at the basin edge part under DD1 motion level, its effect moves to the central part with 20% effect under DD3 motion level. By the increase in depth to 150 m, the results show a decrease in the overall effect of the nonlinear behavior for both clay types. At this depth, the nonlinearity ratio gives a 30% and 17% difference on a limited distance from outcrop at the soft clayey basin under DD1 and DD3 motion levels, respectively. At the 30 m depth basins, the nonlinearity ratio shows up to 25% difference for different cases. The presented ratio would be introduced as nonlinearity coefficients for consideration of the nonlinearity effects in the codes. The presented quantitative margins will help the designer to have a better understanding of the amplification period change because of nonlinearity over 2D basin surface.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.11-22
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• 2005

This paper addresses details of wave load nonlinearity effect on stress RAO and damage ratio using component stochastic fatigue analysis. Traditional spectral fatigue analysis for ship structure is based on linear theory; however, there are a number of nonlinearity sources. Especially loading nonlinearity, such as hydrodynamic pressure applying to ship side and gravity changes due to roll and pitch motion, is thought to critically violate the linearity assumption of spectral fatigue analysis, which involves stress RAO as linear parameter. The main focus is placed on how to idealize complicated characteristics of loading nonlinearity and how to implement the nonlinear bias to linear spectral fatigue analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.923-929
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• 1999

The cause of optical nonlinearity induced in thermally poled silica glass is believed to be the space charge polarization. Since the second order optical nonlinearity (electro-optic effect) can be used in optical switches the optical nonlinearity in silica glass has drawn a large attention. Space charge polarization occurs when an ionic conducting material is subjected to dc electric field by the blocking electrode. Thermal poling performed to induce the optical nonlinearity in silica glass is basically identical to the process generating space charge polarization. As a first step to understand the mechanism of space charge polarization in silica glass hence the induced optical nonlinearity the absorption currents as functions of time were measured for various types of silica glasses and analyzed by the theory of space charge polarization. It was found that the electrical relaxation exhibited a step by the space charge polarization in the relatively long time range and dielectric loss peak showed a maximum at a specific temperature which is depending on type of silica glass. It was turned out that this relaxation might be a cause of nonlinearity in electrical conductivity of silica glass.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.285-291
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• 2008

We have experimentally investigated the cyclic deformation in copper using ultrasonic nonlinearity. The observation and characterization of dislocation substructure have been conducted using transmission electron microscope and electron backscattered diffraction technique. The ultrasonic nonlinearity (${\beta}/{\beta}_0$) was measured by the harmonic generation technique after various fatigue cycles. The microstructural effect on the nonlinearity was discussed regarding the extent of dislocation substructures evolved from low cycle fatigue. The ultrasonic nonlinearity of copper monotonically increased with the fatigue cycles due to the evolution of dislocation cell substructures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.41-48
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• 2002

The fact that nonlinearity and anisotropy of soil should be considered for the proper estimation of soil deformation has been recongnized for a long time. In this study, a new stiffness model which can reflect both nonlinearity and anisotropy is proposed. Nonlinearity is simulated by Ramberg-Osgood model and anisotropy is modeled with the cross-anisotropic elasticity. Analysis results with the developed model compared with those from analyses using linear isotropic model, linear anisotropic model, and nonlinear isotropic model. In the triaxial compression like condition, the effects of nonlinearity on the vertical strain are significant, but soil anisotropy does not affect the vertical strain. In 1-dimensional deformation condition, however, both nonlinearity and anisotropy of soil influence the final magnitude of the vertical strain. Also the increase of poisson's ratio magnifies the effect of anisotropy on the vertical strain in this condition.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.484-489
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• 2004

We have prepared a phenothiazine-based nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophore that displays a fairly high microscopic nonlinearity through intramolecular charge transfer. The phenothiazine unit plays important roles of contributing its high electron donating ability and connecting the resonance pathway through a conjugative effect in the cyclized ring adjacent to the aromatic ring. Theoretical calculations and an absorption spectroscopic study provided useful information concerning the microscopic nonlinearity of the chromophores. We investigated the electro-optic (EO) properties of the guest-host systems in amorphous polycarbonate containing the synthesized chromophores at different concentrations under different poling temperatures. A real-time pole and probe method provided a much greater amount of information regarding how the EO properties can arise and how they can be optimized.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.349-352
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• 1997

A Piezoelectric actuator yields hysteresis effect due to its composed ferroelectric. Hysteresis nonlinearity is neglected when a piezoelectric actuator moves with short stroke. However when it moves with long stroke and high frequency, the hysteresis nonlinearity can not be neglected. The hysteresis nonlinearity of piezoelectric actuator degrades the control performance in precision position control. In this paper, in order to improve the control performance of piezoelectric actuator, an inverse modeling scheme is proposed to compensate the hysteresis nonlinearity problem. And feedforward-feedforward-feedback controller is proposed to give a good tracking performance. The Feedforward controller is inverse hysteresis model, and PID control is sued as a feedback controller. To show the feasibility of the proposed controller and hysteresis modeling, some experiments have been carried out. It is concluded hat the proposed control scheme gives good tracking performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.1638-1642
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• 2003

Piezoactuator using a flexure hinge mechanism is often used in the precision stages. When the total size of the hinge mechanism become small compared with the deformation of the hinge mechanism, the geometrical nonlinearity makes a considerable error in the output displacement. In this research, the incremental method based on the matrix method is developed to model the effect of the geometrical nonlinearity. Developed modeling method is applied to derive the error of output displacement of the bridge-type hinge mechanism and its results are derived with respect to the design parameters. This method can be easily used to the design optimization of the hinge mechanism and analysis results show that the geometrical nonlinearity error should be considered to achieve a high accuracy to the piezoactuators.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.234-236
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• 2006

Because of its long measurement range and ultra-precise resolution. the heterodyne laser interferometer systems are very common in various industry area such as semiconductor manufacturing. However the periodical nonlinearity property caused from frequency mixing is an obstacle to improve the high measurement accuracy in nanometer scale. In this paper to minimize the effect of nonlinearity, we propose an adaptive nonlinearity compensation algorithm. We first compute compensation parameters using least square (LS) with the capacitance displacement sensor as a reference input. We then update the parameters with recursive LS (RLS) while the values are optimized to modify the elliptical phase into circular one. Through comparison with some experimental results of laser system, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.642-649
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• 2011

The long-term aging of ferritic 2.25CrMo steel was characterized using the acoustic nonlinear effect in order to apply to diagnose the degradation behavior of structural materials. We measured the acoustic nonlinearity parameter for each thermally aged specimen by the higher harmonic-generation technique. The acoustic nonlinearity parameter increased with aging time due to equilibrium M6C carbide precipitation, and has a favorable linear relation with Rockwell hardness. This study suggests that acoustic nonlinearity testing may be applicable to diagnostics on strength degradation in rotor steels.