Browse > Article

Long-Term Aging Diagnosis of Rotor Steel Using Acoustic Nonlinearity  

Kim, Chung-Seok (Automotive Engineering, Hanyang University)
Park, Ik-Keun (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology)
Jhang, Kyung-Young (School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University)
Hyun, Chang-Yong (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing / v.31, no.6, 2011 , pp. 642-649 More about this Journal
Abstract
The long-term aging of ferritic 2.25CrMo steel was characterized using the acoustic nonlinear effect in order to apply to diagnose the degradation behavior of structural materials. We measured the acoustic nonlinearity parameter for each thermally aged specimen by the higher harmonic-generation technique. The acoustic nonlinearity parameter increased with aging time due to equilibrium M6C carbide precipitation, and has a favorable linear relation with Rockwell hardness. This study suggests that acoustic nonlinearity testing may be applicable to diagnostics on strength degradation in rotor steels.
Keywords
Acoustic Nonlinearity; Long-Term Aging; Harmonic Generation; Precipitate;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 D. C. Hurley, D. Balzar, P. T. Purtscher and K. W. Hollman, "Nonlinear ultrasonic parameter in quenched martensitic steels," Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 83, No. 9, pp. 4584-4588 (1998)   DOI   ScienceOn
2 J. H. Cantrell, "Crystalline structure and symmetry dependence of acoustic nonlinearity parameter," Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 76, No. 6, pp. 3372-3380 (1994)   DOI   ScienceOn
3 J. Melngailis, A. A. Maradudin and A. Seeger, "Diffraction of light by ultrasound in anharmonic crystals," Physical Review, Vol. 131, No. 5, pp. 1972-1975 (1963)   DOI
4 J. N. Mohapatra, J. Swaminathan, M. Ghosh, A. K. Panda and R. N. Ghosh, "Magnetic evaluation of creep in modified 9Cr-1Mo steel," Scripta Materialia, Vol. 57, No. 9, pp. 813-816 (2007)   DOI   ScienceOn
5 B. Sun and Y. Guo, "High-cycle fatigue damage measurement based on electrical resistance change considering variable electrical resistivity and uneven damage," International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 457-462 (2004)   DOI   ScienceOn
6 B. Raj, C. K. Mukhopadhyay and T. Jayakumar, "Frontiers in NDE research nearing maturity for exploitation to ensure structural integrity of pressure retaining components," International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, Vol. 83, No. 5, pp. 322-355 (2006)   DOI   ScienceOn
7 N. Yusa, S. Perrin and K. Miya, "Eddy current data for characterizing less volumetric stress corrosion cracking in nonmagnetic materials," Material Letters, Vol. 61, No. 3, pp. 827-829 (2007)   DOI   ScienceOn
8 C. Bermes, J. Y. Kim, J. Qu and L. J. Jacobs, "Nonlinear Lamb waves for the detection of material nonlinearity," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 638-646 (2008)   DOI   ScienceOn
9 R. G. Baker and J. Nutting, "The tempering of 2.25CrMo steel after quenching and normalizing," Iron and Steel Institute, Vol. 192, pp. 257-268 (1959)
10 A. M. Abdel-Latif, J. M. Corbett and D. M. R. Taplin, "Aanlysis of carbides formed during accelerated aging of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel," Metal Science, Vol. 16, pp. 90-96 (1982)
11 J. Pilling and N. Ridely, "Tempering of 2.25 pct Cr-1 pct Mo low carbon steels," Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 13, pp. 557-563 (1982)   DOI   ScienceOn
12 N. Gope, A. Chatterjee, T. Mukherjee and D. S. Sarma, "Influence of long-term aging and superimposed creep stress on the microstructure of 2.25cr-1Mo steel," Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 24, pp. 315-326 (1993)   DOI
13 V. Moorthy, S. Vaidyanathan, B. Raj, T. Jayakumar and B. P. Kashyap, "Insight into the microstructural characterization of ferritic steels using micromagnetic parameters," Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 31, pp. 1053-1065 (2000)   DOI   ScienceOn
14 J. Pesicka, R. Kuzel, A. Dronhofer and G. Eggeler, "The evolution of dislocation density during heat treatment and creep of tempered martensite ferritic steels," Acta Materialia, Vol. 51, pp. 4847-4862 (2003)   DOI   ScienceOn
15 N. S. Cheruvu, "Degradation of mechanical properties of Cr-Mo-V and 2.25Cr-1Mo steel components after long-term service at elevated temperatures," Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 20, pp. 87-97 (1989)
16 M. Gojic, L. Kosec and P. Matkovic, "The effect of tempering temperature on the mechanical properties and microstructure of low alloy Cr and CrMo steel," Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 33, pp. 395-403 (1998)   DOI   ScienceOn
17 H. T. Yang and S. T. Kim, "A study on the mechanical strength change of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel by thermal aging," Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 319-321, pp. 316-320 (2001)   DOI
18 R. L. Klueh, "Interaction solid solution hardening in 2.25Cr-1Mo steel," Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 35, pp. 239-253 (1978)   DOI   ScienceOn
19 S. D. Norris and J. D. Parker, "The effect of microstructure on fracture mechanisms of 2.25Cr1Mo low alloy steel, part B: the influence of carbides," International Journal of Pressure Vessels & Piping, Vol. 67, pp. 329-337 (1996)   DOI   ScienceOn
20 R. P. Courtney, B. W. Drinkwater, S. A. Neild and P. D. Wilcox, "Factors affecting the ultrasonic intermodulation crack detection technique using bispectral analysis," NDT & E International, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 223-234 (2008)   DOI   ScienceOn
21 C. S. Kim, Y. H. Kim and I. H. Kim, "Ultrasonic linear and nonlinear parameters in cyclically deformed. Cu and Cu-35Zn alloy," Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 297-300, No. 3, pp. 2134-2139 (2005)   DOI
22 C. S. Kim, C. Y. Hyun and K. Y. Jhang, "Creep characterization of superalloy IN-738 using ultrasonic nonlinearity measurement," International Journal of Modern Physics B, Vol. 25, No. 10, pp. 1385-1392 (2011)   DOI   ScienceOn
23 C. S. Kim and C. J. Lissenden, "Precipitate contribution to the acoustic nonlinearity in nickel-based superalloy," Chinese Physics Letters, Vol. 26, No. 8, pp. 086107 (2009)   DOI   ScienceOn
24 J. H. Cantrell and W. T. Yost, "Effect of precipitate coherency strains on acoustic harmonic generation," Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 81, No. 7, pp. 2957-2962 (1997)   DOI   ScienceOn
25 S. Saroja, P. Parameswaran, M. Vijayalakshmi and V. S. Raghunathan, "Prediction of microstructural states in Cr-Mo steels using phase evolution diagrams," Acta Metallurgical and Materials, Vol. 43, pp. 2985-3000 (1995)   DOI   ScienceOn
26 B. E. Peddle and C. A. Pickles, "Carbide and hardness development in the heat-affected zone of tempered and postweld heat-treated 2.25Cr-1Mo steel weldments," Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 9, pp. 477-488 (2000)   DOI   ScienceOn
27 A. Hikata, B. B. Chick and C. Elbaum, "Dislocation contribution to the second harmonic generation of ultrasonic waves," Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 36, pp. 229-236 (1965)   DOI