• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.1517-1525
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• 2005

Liquid sloshing displays the highly nonlinear free surface fluctuation when either the external excitation is of large amplitude or its frequency approaches natural sloshing frequencies. Naturally, the accurate tracking of time-varying free surface configuration becomes a key task for the reliable prediction of the sloshing time-history response. However, the numerical instability and dissipation may occur in the nonlinear sloshing analysis, particularly in the long-time beating simulation, when two simulation parameters, the relative time-increment parameter a and the fluid mesh pattern, are not elaborately chosen. This paper intends to examine the effects of these two parameters on the potential-based nonlinear finite element method introduced for the large amplitude sloshing flow.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2002

사각형 유체저장 탱크내에 저장되어 있는 유체의 비선형 유동거동을 섭동법을 사용하여 해석하였다. 제시된 방법에 의한 비선형 해석결과는 기존의 연구결과와 잘 일치하였다. 지반특성과 탱크형상에 따른 유체 표면의 비선형 거동 특성을 분석하여 비선형 해석의 중요성을 입증하였다. 유체의 비선형 거동은 토사지반에서 크게 나타나며 특히 Broad Tank에서의 응답은 대단히 크게 나타났다. 일반적으로 유체표면 유동의 비선형 해석결과는 선형해석결과 보다 크게 나타났다. 유체저장탱크의 설계시 선형해석 만으로는 최대응답을 과소평가할 수 있으므로 비선형 해석을 반드시 수행할 필요가 있다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1455-1462
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• 2005

In this paper, we intend to introduce a nonlinear finite element method based on the fully nonlinear potential flow theory in order to simulate the large amplitude sloshing flow in two-dimensional baffled tank subject to horizontally forced excitation. The free surface is tracked by a direct time differentiation scheme with the four-step predictor-corrector time integration method. The flow velocity is accurately recovered from the velocity potential by second-order least square method. In order to maintain the finite element mesh regularity and total mass, the semi-Lagrangian surface tracking method with area conservation is applied. According to the numerical formulae, we perform the parametric experiments by varying the installation height and the opening width of baffles, in order to examine the effects of baffle on the nonlinear liquid sloshing. From the numerical results, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the large amplitude sloshing are investigated.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2020

An experiment, in the cases that satisfies deep water condition, has been performed to observe the strongly nonlinear sloshing flow in a rectangular tank. A variety of parametric study on oscillating frequency and amplitude was conducted and we found that two types of wave motions, sloshing wave and Faraday wave, could be persisting simultaneously even in horizontal sloshing problem. Moreover, it is observed both of symmetric and skewed symmetric Faraday wave exist. A comprehensive explanation is given to the generation mechanism of those waves and how to interact among them.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.545-565
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• 2018

A numerical code is developed based on potential flow theory to investigate nonlinear sloshing in rectangular Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) tanks under forced excitation. Using this code, internal free-surface elevation and sloshing loads on liquid tanks can be obtained both in time domain and frequency domain. In the mathematical model, acceleration potential is solved in the calculation of pressure on tanks and the artificial damping model is adopted to account for energy dissipation during sloshing. The Boundary Element Method (BEM) is used to solve boundary value problems of both velocity potential and acceleration potential. Numerical calculation results are compared with published results to determine the efficiency and accuracy of the numerical code. Sloshing properties in partially filled rectangular and membrane tank under translational and rotational excitations are investigated. It is found that sloshing under horizontal and rotational excitations share similar properties. The first resonant mode and excitation frequency are the dominant response frequencies. Resonant sloshing will be excited when vertical excitation lies in the instability region. For liquid tank under rotational excitation, sloshing responses including amplitude and phase are sensitive to the location of the center of rotation. Moreover, experimental tests were conducted to analyze viscous effects on sloshing and to validate the feasibility of artificial damping models. The results show that the artificial damping model with modifying wall boundary conditions has better applicability in simulating sloshing under different fill levels and excitations.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.355-372
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• 2011

Based on the fully nonlinear velocity potential theory, the liquid sloshing in a three dimensional tank under random excitation is studied. The governing Laplace equation with fully nonlinear boundary conditions on the moving free surface is solved using the indirect desingularized boundary integral equation method (DBIEM). The fourth-order predictor-corrector Adams-Bashforth-Moulton scheme (ABM4) and mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian (MEL) method are used for the time-stepping integration of the free surface boundary conditions. A smoothing scheme, B-spline curve, is applied to both the longitudinal and transverse directions of the tank to eliminate the possible saw-tooth instabilities. When the tank is undergoing one dimensional regular motion of small amplitude, the calculated results are found to be in very good agreement with linear analytical solution. In the simulation, the normal standing waves, travelling waves and bores are observed. The extensive calculation has been made for the tank undergoing specified random oscillation. The nonlinear effect of random sloshing wave is studied and the effect of peak frequency used for the generation of random oscillation is investigated. It is found that, even as the peak value of spectrum for oscillation becomes smaller, the maximum wave elevation on the side wall becomes bigger when the peak frequency is closer to the natural frequency.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.399-413
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• 2020

The numerical simulation of liquid sloshing in the three-dimensional tanks under horizontal excitation and roll excitation was carried out, and the inhibition effect of different baffles on the sloshing phenomenon was investigated. The numerical calculations were carried out by the nonlinear Boundary Element Method (BEM) with Green's theorem based on the potential flow, which was conducted with the governing equation corresponding to the boundaries of each region. The validity of the method was verified by comparing with experimental values and published literatures. The horizontal baffle, the vertical baffle and the T-shaped baffle in the sloshing tanks were investigated respectively, and the baffles' position, dimension and the liquid depth were provided and discussed in detail. It is drawn that the baffle shape plays a non-negligible role in the tank sloshing. The vertical baffle is a more effective way to reduce the sloshing amplitude when the tank is under a horizontal harmonic excitation while the horizontal baffle is a more effective way when the tank is under a roll excitation. The amplitude of free surface elevation at right tank wall decreases with the increasing of the horizontal baffle length and the vertical baffle height. Although the T-shaped baffle has the best suppression effect on tank sloshing under horizontal excitation, it has limited suppression effect under roll excitation and will complicate the sloshing phenomenon when changing baffle height.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2002년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.177-184
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• 2002

Large amplitude sloshing can occur in contained fluid region due to the seismic ground motion. Also, The pressure by large amplitude sloshing damages the connections between the wall and roof of a fluid container and causes outflow of contained fluid. Therefore, to predict the dynamic behavior accurately, three dimensional analysis with the nonlinear boundary condition must be performed. In this study, the numerical solution procedure is developed using the boundary element method with the Lagrangian particle approach. In order to demonstrate the accuracy and validity of the developed method, the fluid motion for a free oscillation with small amplitude and a forced vibration are analyzed. And the numerical results are compared with the linear theory results and the previous studies with the nonlinear boundary condition.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 2차원 사각탱크내 비압축성, 비점성, 비회전 유동에 대한 비선형 슬로실 해석을 다룬다. 유체영역의 지배방정식으로 포텐셜 이론에 기반을 둔 라플라스 방정식을 사용한다. 대변형의 슬로싱 거동을 표현하기 위하여 베르누이 방정식으로부터 유도된 운동 및 동역학적 자유표면 경계조건을 적용한다. 이러한 비선형 슬로싱 문제는 9결점 요소를 사용한 유한요소법에 의하여 해석되어 진다. 경계조건에 대한 시간적분과 정확한 속도계산을 위하여 각각 예측자-수정자 기법 및 최소자승법을 도입하였다. 또한, 자유표면 추적에서 야기되는 안정성 문제는 시간변동에 대한 자유표면 위치를 직접 계산함으로써 확보할 수 있었다. 외부 조화가진에 대한 본 논문의 결과는 선형이론해 또는 참고문헌의 결과와 비교하여 매우 정확하고 안정적이었다. 프로그램 검증 후, 유체높이와 가진크기에 대한 슬로싱 응답특성을 분석하였다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.153-168
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• 2016

Sloshing phenomenon is a complicated free surface flow problem that increases the dynamic pressure on the sidewalls and the bottom of the storage tanks. When the storage tanks are partially filled, it is essential to be able to evaluate the fluid dynamic loads on the tank's perimeter. In this paper, a numerical code was developed to determine the pressure distribution on the rectangular and trapezoidal storage tanks' perimeters due to liquid sloshing phenomenon. Assuming the fluid to be inviscid, the Laplace equation and the nonlinear free surface boundary conditions were solved using coupled boundary element - finite element method. The code performance for sloshing modeling was validated using Nakayama and Washizu's results. Finally, this code was used for partially filled rectangular and trapezoidal storage tanks and free surface displacement, pressure distribution and horizontal and vertical forces exerted on the tanks' perimeters due to liquid sloshing phenomenon were estimated and discussed.