• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.1-41
• /
• 1992

A new and unique class of nonionic surfactants was synthesized by reacting biological a-tocopherol with ethylene oxide for functional cosmetics. The structures were confirmed by Hl-UMR, FT-lR, TLC and elemental analysis. POV and conjugated diene value study for EPO showed POE(n)TE had antioxidative effect similar to tocopheryl acetate Protective effect on cell membrane in photohemolysis of POE(5)TE, POE(10)TE and POE(18)TE were slightly lower than tocopherol but higher than nonoxynol-12, and POE(10)TE had UV absorption power comparable with tocopherol and homosalate. Biological activity of the hydrophobic group of the new surfactants make them unique and different from those of conventional nonionic surfactants Systematic safety evaluations of POE(n)TEs on the skin and eye proved that they are as safe as tocopherol. The results of physicochemical study showed POE(10)TE had the lowest CMC value, POE(18)TE had the maximum surface tension reduction and the highest foam volume and POE(n)TEs had various HLB values by the degree of ethoxylation. The test resul Is of technological and practical applications of these surfactants for cosmetics showed some POE(n)TEs were superior to conventional surfactants. POE(5)TE in W/O emulsions, POE(10)TE and POE(12)TE in O/W emulsions, POE(12)TE in dispersions, POE(18)TE in solubilizations and POE(50)TE in gelations were shown to be excellent which was considered due to the structural characteristic and formation of liquid crystals of POE(n)TEs. By the development and applications of these excel lent multi-functional surfactants, innovative functional cosmetics were successfully formulated.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.790-796
• /
• 2011

This study was designed to investigate the influence of ratio of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixture on detergency of particulate soil under various solutions. The detergency of the particulate soil was determined by adhesion of particle to fabric and its removal from fabric separately. The PET fabric and ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$were used as materials of textile and model of particulate soil, respectively. The detergency was investigated as a function of surfactants concentration, ionic strength, kinds of electrolyte and mole numbers of oxyethylene ether of nonionic surfactant in different ratio of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixture. Although some deviations exist, the adhesion of particle to fabric generally increased with decreasing its removal from fabric. The detergency of particulate soil on PET fabric was relatively higher in anionic/nonionic surfactant mixed solution than in each single surfactant solution, but the influence of ratio of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixture on detergency of particulate soil was low. Generally the detergency of particulate soil on fabric was at its maximum at 0.1% surfactant concentration, $1{\times}10^{-3}$ ionic strength, $Na_5P_3O_{10}$ electrolytes and 10 mole numbers of oxyethylene ether of nonionic surfactant, regardless of ratio of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 1999.10a
• /
• pp.7-11
• /
• 1999

Soil washing process being operated in ex-situ mode using surfactants could be appropriate one of the most effective one for remediation. The choice of surfactants has been considered most significantly to accomplish tile reduction of expenditure and the increase of efficiency. This study was carried out screening test and solubility, washing experiment, and surfactant sorption experiments for 18 kinds of surfactant obtained. Results from each surfactant's PSR obtained by the slope indicated that nonionic surfactants have much higher solubility for HOCs than anion surfactants for that. The washing experiment to find out a removal efficiency of each surfactant's TPH, LE1017 and LE1019 showed high removal efficiency. Through on the result of estimating the extent of adsorption of surfactants for soils, nonion surfactants showed higher adsorption to soils than anion surfactants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.27 no.9_10
• /
• pp.1153-1159
• /
• 2003

The effects of changing aqueous solution properties by nonionic surfactants on wetting behavior and water retention properies of hydrophobic PET (polyethylene terephthalate) fabric were reported. The aqueous solution properties were diversified by mixing and diluting two nonionic surfactants, i.e., sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20) and polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20). The surface wetting properties ($cos{\theta}$) of PET fabric were greatly improved by adding $10^{-1}g/dl$ Tween 20 and further improved by mixing Span 20 to the system. The water retention properties (W) of PET fabric were also greatly increased by addition of $10^{-1}g/dl$ Tween 20. In diluted surfactant systems, the $cos{\theta}'s$ were increased with decreasing surface tension of aqueous liquids. The ratios of aqueous liquid retained in the pore structure to liquid retention capacity (W/H) were also increased with decreasing surface tension, however, W/H values were dramatically increased right after critical micelle concentration (cmc). The existence of micelles was important for the retention of aqueous liquids in the fabric. The critical surface tension of PET fabric used was found to be 28.7dyne/cm.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.182-187
• /
• 2012

In making emulsion-type pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA), environmentally friendly sorbitan nonionic surfactants having various chemical structures were prepared and used to find out the possibility of substituting the traditional nonyl-phenyl nonionic surfactant (NPE40) by comparing their adhesive properties. Results exhibited that the PSA used NSR10-series and Tween 60 showed better adhesive properties in initial ball tack, peel strength and holding power than those of NPE40. The reason for this is their particular chemical structure and the proper ratio of hydrophobic groups to the ethylene oxide groups.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.415-420
• /
• 2019

To investigate the effect of nonionic surfactant and emulsion stabilizer on O/W emulsions, various emulsion formulations with different types of nonionic surfactants and emulsion stabilizers were prepared and their rheological properties were compared. In this study, polysorbate 60 (Tween 60), PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil (HCO 60), octyldodeceth-16 (OD 16), and ceteareth-6 olivate (Olivem 800) were used as hydrophilic nonionic surfactants, whereas cetyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate, and stearic acid as emulsion stabilizers. Phase separation occurred only in the emulsion formulation with octyldodeceth-16 and all other emulsion formulations maintained a stable phase. The viscosity, hardness, and creaminess of emulsion formulation using a mixture of ceteareth-6 olivate and cetyl alcohol were the highest, and the emulsified droplet size was also the largest. These results are due to the formation of a network structure texture with the development of a large amount of liquid crystal in the O/W emulsion. In this formulation, the value of elastic modulus was large and the thixotropic behavior, in which the viscosity varies with the history of external force, was observed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2004.04a
• /
• pp.47-51
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of mixed surfactant solution for removal of perchloroethylene (PCE) in soil. Ten different surfactant solutions were used in column studies. Mixed surfactant solutions (anionic and nonionic) were most effectively worked in the sandy soil for removal of PCE as a result of synergism between the two types of surfactants. The effectiveness of the mixture of surfactants was 35 % greater than that for the anionic or nonionic surfactant alone. The results indicate that mixed surfactant solution leaching is a promising candidate for the remediation of PCE contaminated sandy soil.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2000.05a
• /
• pp.149-152
• /
• 2000

The effects of selected co-surfactants on diesel removal from sandy soil were studied to increase diesel recovery from the soil by the surfactant-enhanced remediation of diesel-contaminated soil. The capability of co-surfactant for enhancing removal efficiency can be related with the interaction between its structural character and the structural peculiarity of nonionic surfactant. In the case of Tween 80, hexanol showed the great improvement in diesel recovery. Efficiency of diesel recovery decreased as hydrocarbon chain length of cosurfactant decreased. Higher content of hexanol further increased diesel recovery, but there was no significant improvement in the case of butanol and pentanol.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.304-313
• /
• 2015

In this study, the anionic emulsified asphalt was prepared by dispersing asphalt particles evenly into water with combination of anionic and nonionic surfactants. Effects of NaOH and $CaCl_2$ on the phase stability of the emulsified asphalt were also investigated through zeta potential value and rheology behavior; the emulsified asphalt added with NaOH and $CaCl_2$ showed higher zeta potential value than that the asphalt with addition of only anionic and nonionic surfactants. In addition, with regard to shear thinning behaviors, it was found that pH of the emulsified anionic asphalt and $Ca^{2+}$, counter ion, affected the phase stability. SBR (styrene-butadiene-rubber) latex, EPD (water dispersed Epoxy), PU (polyurethane) and RI-10S, SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene)-based property improvement additive, were used and studied to enhance the adhesion properties with the aggregates. RI-10S, however, was found to be only compatible with the anionic emulsified asphalt; the coating rate, adhesion and compression strength were increased with the RI-10S content.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.119-127
• /
• 1989

The minimum concentrations of nonionic and anionic surfactants inducing phytotoxicity were investigated after spraying or flooding surfactant solutions to annual plants. Of the sufactants tested, LE, NP, SPSS, LN, PAAS and DBC induced phytotoxicity at the lowest concentrations through all treatments and Tween, Span, SP, SC, STPP and CLIS induced the least phytotoxicity even at high concentration. At flooded paddy field tests, anionic surfactants induced phytotoxicity at the lower concentration than nonionic, but showed similar tendencies with other treatments. In pre-emergence treatments of upland and dry paddy field tests, there was little phytotoxicity induced at over 10 percent, while phytotoxicity was induced at the lowest concentration among 6 treatments in flooded paddy field tests.