• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.55-64
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• 1997

계면활성제를 이용하여 홀입자에 흡착된 유기오염물질을 탈착시키는 실험을 실시하였다. 용매로는 중성 세제와 음이온성 세제가 사용되었으며 이를 이용하여 흙으로부터 퀴놀린 및 2-나주들을 분리하였다. 음이온성 세제로 퀴놀린은 약 80%, 2-나푸톨은 90% 가량 탈착되었으며, 중성 세제보다 음이온성 세제가 위의 두 오염물질에 대하여는 덜 효과가 좋은 것으로나타났다. 이온이 제거된 물로 두 오염물질에 대한 탈착실험을 행하여 계면활성제의 탈착능을 물과도 비교하여 보았다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.97-101
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• 1991

Six different O/W cream bases containing 4% ascorbic acid dipalmitate and two different O/W cream bases containing 1% ascorbic acid were prepared. Percutanceous absorption of ascorbic acid as well as safety were determined using rabbits. The stability of the creams was also tested at room temperature. Ascorbic acid concentrations in urines varied depending on the characteristics of cream bases used. The absorption of ascorbic acid was increased and sustained with the cream bases containing branched chain esters of fatty acid instead of natural oils used currently. The excretion level of ascorbic acid in urine was high with the cream base including nonionic surfactants and a small quantity of natural oils. The creams containing nonionic surfactants showed excellent stability, while those containing anionic surfactants were not stable in terms of pH, odor and coloring test at room temperature during six months. But, the two creams containing ascorbic acid were unstable. All the cream bases tested showed good safety.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• 제67권
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• pp.123-131
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• 2018

Using mixed nonionic surfactants Span/Tween, we investigated the effects of HLB value on the O/W emulsion stability and rheological behaviors. In this study, MS-01 (Span 60 & Tween 60) and MS-02 (Span 80 & Tween 80) was used as mixed nonionic surfactants. We considered required HLB value 10.85 and selected corresponding HLB value range 8-13. The droplet size distributions, droplet morphology, rheological properties, zeta-potential and creaming index of the emulsion samples were obtained to understand the mechanism and interaction of droplets in O/W emulsion. The results indicated that optimal HLB number for O/W emulsions was 10.8 and 10.7, while using MS-01 surfactant and MS-02 surfactant respectively. MS-01 (HLB = 10.8) sample and MS-02 (HLB = 10.7) sample showed smallest droplet size and highest zeta-potential value. Rheological properties are measured to understand rheological behaviors of emulsion samples. All emulsion samples showed no phase separation until 30 days storage time at $25^{\circ}C$.

• 약학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.135-140
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• 1977

Solubilization of cholesterol, its fatty acid esters and gallstones were undertaken employing nonionic, anionic and cationic surfactants. Cholesterol was effectively solubilized by all of these surfactants. Cationic surfactants were most effective. However, cholesteryl myristate was not solubilized at all. In the dissolution test of gallstones in surfactant solutions, cationic surfactant solutions were exceptionally effective in dissolving gallstones. These results suggest the possible existence of interaction between alkylammonium radical and cholesterol on micellar surface.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

Increase in the utilization rate of recycled paper and closing level of papermaking system increased the problem associated with stickies that include decrease in process runnability and product quality. It is required to establish a process for removing the micro stickies to solve the problems associated with stickies. In this study, the application of flotation process as a method to remove micro stickies was examined. Model micro stickies (MMS) were prepared using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA), and the influence of three nonionic surfactants on the removal efficiency of MMS from flotation process was examined. Also the effect of surfactants on the deposition of micro stickies that remaining in the papermaking wet end onto wire was examined. Removal efficiency of MMS by flotation was increased when the proportion of nonionic surfactant with propylene oxide (PO) type hydrophilic tail was increased and stock pH was 7. It was suggested that this nonionic surfactant minimized the increase of surface energy of hydrophobic MMS. The MMS with high hydrophobicity remaining in the papermaking system, however, would cause more serious deposition problems on papermaking wet end. Therefore, it is of great importance to increase the removal efficiency of MMS in flotation process for the prevention of papermaking system contamination caused by stickies deposition.

• 공업화학
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.597-605
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• 2019

수용성 접착제의 접착력을 향상시키기 위해 제미니형 비이온 반응성 계면활성제를 합성하여 수계 접착제에 적용하였다. 제미니형 비이온 반응성 계면활성제는 말레산 및 에틸렌옥사이드의 부가몰수가 다른 폴리 옥시 에틸렌 세틸 에테르를 사용하여 합성하였다. 합성된 계면활성제는 FT-IR 및 $^1H-NMR$에 의해 확인되었다. 합성된 화합물은 밝은 노란색 왁스의 형상이었고, 화합물의 운점은 $78^{\circ}C$ 이상이었다. 측정된 임계 미셀 농도(c.m.c)는 $1.0{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}7.0{\times}10^{-4}mol/L$이었고 표면장력은 25.9~32.0 mN/m이었다. 에틸렌옥사이드의 부가몰수가 증가함에 따라 유화력이 향상되었다. Ross-Miles 법에 의한 화합물의 발포 높이는 1.4~4.5 cm이었다. 본 연구에서 합성된 계면활성제는 수성 접착제의 유화 중합에서 유화제로 사용되었으며 그 물성을 평가하였다. 준비된 접착제의 고체 함량은 59%이었다. 접착제의 평균입자크기는 164~297 nm이었다. 접착제의 초기 점착성의 볼 번호는 20~32이었으며, 박리 강도는 $1.8{\sim}2.1kg_f/mm$이었다. 점도 유지율은 30 days 동안 99%로 확인되었다. 합성된 제미니형 비이온 반응성 계면활성제는 점착력을 위한 유화제로 사용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 공업화학
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.705-711
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• 2005

프로테아제인 subtilisin A를 이용하여 유기 용매 안에서 당에스테르인 라우르산부틸에스테르를 합성하였다. 높은 수율을 얻을 수 있기 때문에 유기 용매로는 피리딘이 주로 사용되었으나 냄새가 심하여 식품과 의약품에 사용되는 당에스테르를 합성하는 데에는 적합하지 않다. 그러므로 이를 대체할 유기 용매를 선정하기 위하여 여러 유기 용매 안에서 당에스테르를 효소 합성하였으나 피리딘에 미치지 못하였다. 이에 피리딘을 근거로 하는 W/O 마이크로에멀젼을 만들어 당에스테르를 합성하였는데, Tween 60, Brij 56, 1-O-octyl-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranose과 같은 비이온 계면활성제를 사용하였을 때 수율이 우수하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.283-286
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• 2002

Solubilization and partitioning of naphthalene was investigated in an aqueous system containing soils and surfactants. The environmental behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) was mainly governed by their solubility and partitioning properties on soil media in a subsurface system. In surfactant-enhanced remediation systems, surfactants might be an additional variable. a natural soil ,silica and kaolinite were tested as soil media. two nonionic surfactants, Triton X-100 and Hydropropy1-$\beta$-cyclodextrin (HPCD) were employed for naphthalene solubilization. Naphthalene showed linear on natural soil while non-linear sorption on silica and kaolinite. Soils have higher sorption capacity for Triton X-100 than HPCD indicating Triton X-100 formed ad-micelle on the soil surface. Desorption study showed a hysterysis and reversible desorption. The partitioning coefficient(K$_{D}$) of naphthalene was increased as the concentration of surfactant was increased. (below CMC), however, the coefficient was decreased above CMC. This indicates that naphthalene is partitioned into the micelles and the partition occurs competitively on both ad-micelle and free micelles as surfactant concentration increases. Therefore, the target compounds to be dissolved into aqueous phase in a surfactant enhanced remediation system might be highly partitioned on to the ad-micelle resulting in an adverse effect rather increased solubilization would be achieved.d.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.2107-2113
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• 2000

세 가지 비이온계 계면활성제(Brij 30, Tween 80, Triton X-l00)의 독성 평가와 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)의 생분해에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 사용된 세 가지 계면활성제 중에서 Brij 30이 가장 생분해가 잘 되는 것으로 나타났으며, 1.5 g/L까지 아무런 기질 저해 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 이는 사용된 계면활성제가 미생물에 탄소원으로 이용된다는 것을 나타낸다. 수용액상에서 naphthalene과 phenanthrene은 60시간 안에 완전히 분해되었지만 naphthalene의 경우 상당량이 휘발에 의해 손실됨을 알 수 있었다. 슬러리상에서 제어단계는 모래 슬러리의 경우 미생물에 의한 생분해였고, 점토 슬러리의 경우는 흡착표면에서 수용액으로의 물질 전달이었다. TOC분석을 통해 계면활성제를 포함한 거의 모든 기질이 분해됨을 알 수 있었다. pH 변화는 phenanthrene이 산 작용기를 가지는 중간산물로 분해됨을 나타내었다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.94-96
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• 1997

A xylanase was purified from a commercial crude xylanase, Pulpzyme HC, and used for the bleaching of kraft pulp in the absence or in the presence of nonionic surfactants, Tween 20, Tween 80, and Igepal C930. The purified xylanase has a molecular weight of 23,500 as determined by a reducing SDS-PAGE. Tween 20 was most effective to enhance the efficiency of the enzymatic bleaching of kraft pulp by xylanase.