• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.308-311
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• 1993

Aberrant right subclavian arteries were experienced in two young children. This is a rare aortic arch anomaly that usually does not produce symptoms. Symtomatic patients require surgical interventions.We describe two young children who had aberrant right subclavian artery with symptoms of difficulty in swallowing and respiratory problems. Diagnosis was made by esophagography, aortography and 3-Dimension chest CT. Operation had been advocated through right thoracotomy without difficulty for ligation, division and anastomosis to the ascending aorta. Dysphagia lusoria was immediately relieved and postoperative course was uneventful. We consider that the right thoracotomy is the choice of operative approach and noninvasive diagnosis by 3-Dimension chest CT is easily made for infant with aberrant right subclavian artery.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2018

Macrophages play a key role in atherosclerotic plaque formation, but their participation has been discerned largely via ex vivo analyses of atherosclerotic lesions. Therefore, we aimed to identify atherosclerosis on noninvasive in vivo imaging using reporter gene system. This study demonstrated that recruitment of macrophages could be detected in atherosclerotic plaques of Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice with a sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene imaging system using $^{99m}Tc-SPECT$. This novel approach to tracking macrophages to atherosclerotic plaques in vivo could have applications in studies of arteriosclerotic vascular disease.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.187-198
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• 2006

The aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs), which include benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and dioxin, are important chemical and environmental contaminants in industry that usually cause various diseases. Over the years, numerous studies have described and evaluated the adverse health effects induced by AHs. Currently, "Omics" technologies, transcriptomics and proteomics, have been applied in AH toxicity studies. Proteomics has been used to identify molecular mechanisms and biomarkers associated with global chemical toxicity. It could enhance our ability to characterize chemical-induced toxicities and to identify noninvasive biomarkers. The proteomic approach (e.g. 2-dimensional electrophoresis [2-DE]), can be used to observe changes in protein expression during chemical exposure with high sensitivity and specificity. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and electrospray ionization-quadrupole (ESI-Q)-TOF MS/MS are recognized as the most important protein identification tools. This review describes proteomic technologies and their application in the proteomic analysis of AH toxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2018

Ultrasonography has increasingly moved from being a modality confined to the radiology department to an active diagnostic and therapeutic aid available to the head and neck at the point of patient care. However, the application of ultrasonography to the laryngeal disorder is very rare due to progressive age-related ossification of laryngeal cartilage and the presence of air in the lumen, which contribute to difficult conditions for transmission of the ultrasonic waves. The observation about the movements of larynx or surrounding structures is important to understand the physiology of phonation or swallowing and to diagnose the disease. Ultrasonography is a noninvasive and safe imaging technique that can be used to investigate the anatomic structures of the head and neck. Recently, the development of high-frequency ultrasonography makes it possible to apply the ultrasound in the evaluation of larynx.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.91-98
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• 2010

Neurostimulation approaches have been developed and explored to modulate neuroplastic changes of cortical function in human brain. As one of the most primary noninvasive tools, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was extensively studied in the field of neuroscience. The alternation of cortical neurons depending on the polarity of the tDCS has been used for improving cognitive processing including working memory, learning, and language in normal individuals, as well as in patients with neurological or psychiatric diseases. In addition, tDCS has great advantages: it is a non-invasive, painless, safe, and cost-effective approach to enhance brain function in normal subjects and patients with neurological disorders. Numerous previous studies have confirmed the efficacy of tDCS. However, tDCS has not been considered for clinical applications and research in the field of physical therapy. Therefore, this review will focus on the general principles of tDCS and its related application parameters, and provide consideration of motor behavioral research and clinical applications in physical therapy.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.43-48
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• 2014

Chorionic villus sampling has gained importance as a tool for early cytogenetic diagnosis with a shift toward first trimester screening. First trimester screening using nuchal translucency and biomarkers is effective for screening. Chorionic villus sampling generally is performed at 10-12 weeks by either the transcervical or transabdominal approach. There are two methods of analysis; the direct method and the culture method. While the direct method may prevent maternal cell contamination, the culture method may be more representative of the true fetal karyotype. There is a concern for mosaicism which occurs in approximately 1% of cases, and mosaic results require genetic counseling and follow-up amniocentesis or fetal blood sampling. In terms of complications, procedure-related pregnancy loss rates may be the same as those for amniocentesis when undertaken in experienced centers. When the procedure is performed after 9 weeks gestation, the risk of limb reduction is not greater than the risk in the general population. At present, chorionic villus sampling is the gold standard method for early fetal karyotyping; however, we anticipate that improvements in noninvasive prenatal testing methods, such as cell free fetal DNA testing, will reduce the need for invasive procedures in the near future.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.518-526
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• 2021

This review summarizes the recent progress in iron-oxide-based heat generators. Cancer treatment using magnetic nanoparticles as a heat generator, termed magnetic fluid hyperthermia, is a promising noninvasive approach that has gained significant interest. Most previous studies on improving the hyperthermia effect have focused on the construction of dopant-containing iron oxides. However, their applications in a clinical application can be limited due to extra dopants, and pure iron oxide is the only inorganic material approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Several factors that influence the heat generation capability of iron-oxide-based nanoparticles are summarized by reviewing recent studies on hyperthermia agents. Thus, our paper will provide the guideline for developing pure iron oxide-based heat generators with high heat dissipation capabilities.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.2-10
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• 2022

Metabolomics makes it possible to analyze the interrelationships between various signaling molecules based on the metabolic pathways involved by using high-resolution devices. This approach can also be used to obtain large-scale metabolic information to identify the relevant pathways for disease diagnosis and prognosis and search for potential biomarkers. In the fields of medicine and forensics, hair analysis is used to detect various metabolites in the body. Hair can be harvested readily in a noninvasive manner and is easier to transport and store than blood and urine. Another advantage from a forensic viewpoint is that hair reflects all the components of body fluids. In addition, because of the unique coating structure of hair, it can be used for measurements without changing or destroying its adsorbed components. In this review, the pretreatments for hair analysis, instrumental conditions and clinical applications are discussed. Especially, the clinical use of hair metabolomics in the diagnosis of various diseases and the limitations of the technique are described.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.123-135
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• 2023

Advances in perinatal and pediatric intensive care and recent advances in mechanical ventilation during the last two decades have resulted in an exponential increase in the number of children undergoing home mechanical ventilation (HMV) treatment. Although its efficacy in chronic respiratory failure is well established, HMV in children is more complex than that in adults, and there are more considerations. This review outlines clinical considerations for HMV in children. The goal of HMV in children is not only to correct alveolar hypoventilation but also to maximize development as much as possible. The modes of ventilation and ventilator settings, including ventilation masks, tubing, circuits, humidification, and ventilator parameters, should be tailored to the patient's individual characteristics. To ensure effective HMV, education for the parent and caregiver is important. HMV continues to change the scope of treatment for chronic respiratory failure in children in that it decreases respiratory morbidity and prolongs life spans. Further studies on this topic with larger scale and systemic approach are required to ensure the better outcomes in this population.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.223-232
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• 2024

Trigger and functional substrate are related to the tone of autonomic nervous system, and the role of the autonomic nerve is more significant in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) compared to non-paroxysmal AF. We have several options for neuromodulation to help to manage patients with AF. Neuromodulation targets can be divided into efferent and afferent pathways. On the efferent side, block would be an intuitive approach. However, permanent block is hard to achieve due to completeness of the procedure and reinnervation issues. Temporary block such as botulinum toxin injection into ganglionated plexi would be a possible option for post-cardiac surgery AF. Low-level subthreshold stimulation could also prevent AF, but the invasiveness of the procedure is the barrier for the general use. On the afferent side, block is also an option. Various renal denervation approaches are currently under investigation. Auditory vagus nerve stimulation is one of the representative low-level afferent stimulation methods. This technique is noninvasive and easy to apply, so it has the potential to be widely utilized if its efficacy is confirmed.