• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.201-226
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• 2014

This study aims to develop measures to turn former users and non-users of public libraries back into users by understanding the differences between the user, former user and non-user groups in terms of their perceptions to public libraries, as well as the differences between these groups in their perceptions regarding the factors to non-use of public libraries. A literature review and statistical analysis of the results from a questionnaire survey were conducted to identify the differences. The results from the statistical analysis showed significant differences between the user, former user and non-user groups in terms of their perceptions to public libraries and the non-use factors. From the results, we could categorize the factors into common non-use factors, non-use-only factors, and use interrupt factors, and we develop suggestions to improve the factors in order to move non-users and former users to frequent users of the public libraries.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.19-31
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• 2003

This study was intended to present the plan for preventing and solving the seriousness of the consumer problem perceived in the e-commerce. For this purpose, 723 questionnaires were distributed to university As a result of analysis, the following findings were obtained: 1) It was found that e-commerce users had higher knowledge of the degree of internet un, the ability to use information on the internet, the disposition of computerization, and e-commerce related consumer than e-commerce non-users. 2) It was found that e-commerce non-users had the higher level of perceived seriousness of the consumer problem than e-commerce users. Especially, it was found that e-commerce non-users had the high level of perceived seriousness of the consumer problem related to the problem of exchange, termination and after-sale nice and the leakage of exchange, termination and after-sale service and the leakage of private information e-commerce user. 3) It was found that university consumers' perceived seriousness of the consumer problem in e-commerce over the internet showed a significant difference in the ability to use information on the internet between e-commerce users and non-users.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.101-112
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors affecting innovation resistance and intention of use of social TV non-users focused on innovation diffusion theory and innovation resistance model. The results were as follows: First, compatibility among perceived innovation characteristics by social TV non-users influenced negatively on innovation resistance, and complexity among perceived innovation characteristics by social TV non-users influenced positively on innovation resistance. Second, perceived risk by social TV non-users influenced positively on innovation resistance. Third, compatibility among perceived innovation characteristics by social TV non-users influenced positively on social TV intention to use. And complexity among perceived innovation characteristics by social TV non-users influenced negatively on social TV intention to use. Fourth, perceived risk by social TV non-users influenced not significantly on social TV intention to use. Fifth, innovation resistance by social TV non-users influenced negatively on social TV intention to use.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.79-91
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• 2013

The market for a payday advance, regarded as both a convenient and short term-loan for immediate financial help, has grown incredibly since the 1990's. Despite its popularity by borrowers and the possible benefits, it has received negative publicity. Some borrowers have been caught in a debt trap for a long-term period and at tripledigit interest rates. The objective of this study is to shed light on the borrowers' profiles and their demand for a payday advance. Based on the 2010 household level data from the U.S. Federal Reserve Board, this study finds that payday advance users are pronounced as seemingly risky people. Payday advance users tend to be college drop-outs, African Americans, and non-homeowners compared to non-payday advance users. They are more likely to overspend above their income and have a favorable attitude toward conspicuous spending than non-payday advance users. They tend not to shop at all nor perform even moderate shopping for credit before using a payday advance service as opposed to non-payday advance users.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.38-43
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• 2015

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) where all users share the entire time and frequency resource has paid attention as one of the key technologies to enhance the spectral efficiency and the total throughput. Nevertheless, as the number of users and SIC error increase, the inter-user interference and the residual interference due to the SIC error also increase, resulting in performance degradation. In order to mitigate the performance degradation, we propose grouping-based NOMA system. In the proposed scheme, all users are divided into two groups based on the distance between the BS and each user, where one utilizes the first half of the bandwidth and the other utilizes the rest in the orthogonal manner. On the other hand, users in each group share the spectrum in the non-orthogonal manner. Grouping users can reduce both the inter-user interference and residual interference due to the SIC error, so it can outperform conventional NOMA system, especially in case that the number of users and the SIC error increase. Based on that, we also present the hybrid operation of the conventional and the proposed NOMA systems. In numerical results, the total throughput of the proposed NOMA systems is compared with that of the conventional NOMA systems with regard to the number of users and SIC error. It is confirmed that the proposed NOMA system outperforms the conventional NOMA system as the number of users and the SIC error increase.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.329-339
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was undertaken to evaluate the intake of vitamins and minerals from dietary supplements (DSs) in Korean adults and elderly. Methods: Data for this study was generated from the 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). We analyzed 4,204 individuals aged 19 years and older (2,579 users and 1,625 non-users). The survey included 24-h recall questions on food and DS intakes, as well as questions on DS use over the past year. The nutrient DSs evaluated were calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C. Total nutrient intakes were obtained by combining nutrient intakes of foods and DSs consumed by each subject. Results: Most micronutrient intakes from food (except for thiamin) in adult users, and the four micronutrient intakes (iron, vitamin A, vitamin B₂ and vitamin C) in elderly users, were significantly higher than values obtained in non-users. For total intake of nutrients and DSs, both adult and elderly users had a significantly higher intake than non-users. While proportions below Estimated Average Requirements for all micronutrients by adding respective DSs in users were significantly reduced in adults and elderly as compared to non-users, the proportions of above Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for calcium and vitamin A in adults, and vitamin A in elderly, were significantly increased. In the total subjects examined, consumption of DSs was associated with lower odds ratios of undernutrition of micronutrients, and with higher odds ratios of overnutrition of calcium, iron, and vitamin A, as compared to non-users of DSs. Conclusions: Although DSs consumption by adults and the elderly improves the micronutrient status, it also increases the risk of excessive intake of certain vitamins and minerals.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was performed to consider the association between Internet using time for non-educational purposes and adolescent health, and to examine how health status differs between Internet users and non-users. Methods: We analyzed 2009 data from the Korea Adolescent Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey, conducted on a nationally representative sample of students in grades 7 to 12. A total of 75 066 adolescents were categorized into four groups according to their Internet using time excluding using for educational purposes: non-Internet users (NIUs), occasional Internet users (OIUs) (<1 h/d), moderate Internet users (MIUs) (${\geq}1$ and <2 h/d), and heavy Internet users (HIUs) (${\geq}2$ h/d). Health factors included eight health risk behavior indices, four mental health indices and six physical health indices. Results: The distribution of Internet use was as follows: NIUs 17.4%, OIUs 68.1%, MIUs 12.7%, and HIUs 1.7%. In multivariate analysis, using OIUs as a reference, U- or J-shaped associations were observed for five health risk behavior indices (current smoking, current drinking, drug abuse, sexual intercourse, sedentary behavior on weekdays) and four mental health indices (stressed, depressed, suicidal ideation, attempted suicide) in both genders. After removing confounding effects, including age, region, school type, subjective school record, subjective economic status, presence of parents, living with family, and sedentary behavior, these associations were still observed. Conclusions: Health professionals should consider both Internet non-users (for non-educational purposes) and heavy users to be high-risk groups in terms of health status. Also, more well-designed studies are needed to clarify what factors are working in these nonlinear associations.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.342-351
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aims to develop a mobile nutritional management program for integration into the already developed web-based program, Diabetes Mellitus Dietary Management Guide (DMDMG) for diabetic patients. Further, we aim to evaluate the amended DMDMG program. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The mobile application based on an Android operating system includes three parts: 1) record of diet intake, which allows users to take pictures of the meal and save to later add diet records into DMDMG; 2) an alarm system that rings at each meal time, which reminds users to input the data; 3) displays the diet record and the results of nutrient intake, which can be also viewed through the web program. All three parts are linked to the web-based program. A survey was conducted to evaluate the program in terms of nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude, eating behavior and diet intake by non-equivalent control group design among diabetic patients with 14 DMDMG users and 12 non-user controls after a one-month trial of DMDMG. RESULTS: Non-users did not use the program, but participated in the weekly off-line nutrition classes for one month. The program users showed increased healthful dietary behavior (P < 0.01) and dietary attitude scores (P < 0.05). More DMDMG users had higher nutrition knowledge scores after one-month trial than non-users. However, dietary intake significantly increased in non-user group for calcium and sodium (P < 0.05) while the user group did not show significant changes. CONCLUSIONS: The program has created positive changes in patients' dietary life. All the users were satisfied with the program, although some expressed minor difficulties with an unfamiliar mobile app.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.148-155
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• 2022

Background: The use of dental floss along with a toothbrush is a well-known oral hygiene product that effectively removes dental plaque and reduces the risk of dental caries and periodontal disease. Despite the fact that various types of floss are being used, flossing methods based on the thread type are being taught. In addition, personal preference according to the floss types has not been investigated. In this study, individual preferences according to the floss types were investigated by experiencing various types of dental floss to both floss users and non-users. In addition, the change in intention to use dental floss in the future after flossing experience of non-users was investigated. Methods: General public participated in the individual interview survey (n=419). Subjects responded to the questionnaire after using all of the thread type, Y-type, and C-type floss. All statistics were expressed frequencies and percentages for categorical variables, and the chi-squared test was used to determine the statistical significance of associations between the variables. Results: As a result of the analysis, the preference of C-type floss was highest in both floss users and non-users. The biggest reason for not using dental floss was not knowing the necessity of flossing (36.4%). In addition, both floss users and non-users responded that C-type floss was suitable for flossing in the anterior and posterior regions. The change in the positive future intention to use dental floss after flossing experience of non-users was statistically significantly associated with age. Conclusion: This result suggests that there is a need to provide education on how to use dental floss in various forms. Based on this, it will be possible to lead a change in individual's attitude for future oral health through active and continuous flossing experience.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.224-233
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• 2005

The objectives of this study were to (a) examine the users' characteristics of both government-dominant and non-governmental food bank programs, (b) understand the supporting quality of the food bank program, and (c) analyse the effectiveness of the programs from the users' perspectives. The random samples of 120 food bank operators were selected by proportionate stratified random sampling method and from each food bank, 3 users were selected for the survey. A total of 205 users were participated in this survey. The main results of this study were as follows; Average profile of food bank users were 58 year old, female, livelihood protectee ($56.6\%$). Food assistance frequency were mostly once a week ($34.1\%$), and everyday ($22.4\%$). The survey also showed that non-governmental food banks delivered the food directly to the $42.7\%$ of users, otherwise the users of government-dominant ones went to the food bank to receive the foods. Most of the donated foods were cooked food ($50.0\%$), and the users also wanted to receive that kinds of food. Saving food expenses ($55.6\%$) and overcoming hunger ($16.6\%$) were found as the effectiveness to the users.