• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.292-295
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• 2013

Fermented whey solution presenting bifidogenic growth stimulation (BGS) activity was processed as prototypes such as sterilized fermented whey (SFW), spray-dried fermented whey (SDFW), and freeze-dried fermented whey (FDFW) and their BGS activities were compared. In optical density ($OD_{600}$) test, the BGS activity of three prototypes, which showed similar activities, were significantly different with non-fermented whey solution adjusted to pH 4.5 as a control (P<0.05). In viable cell count test, SDFW had the most positive influence than other prototypes on the BGS activity even though the difference was not significant. However, the activities of all prototypes were significantly different than the negative control (no addition). These results indicate that the processed prototypes of fermented whey solution show BGS activities and might be commercialized, with further evidences, in animal or human studies.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.138-141
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• 2004

Seven soil samples were collected from paddy fields located nearby Nagoya city in Japan. All the soils were subjected to flooded condition and incubated with PCP at $30^{\circ}C$ for two months, and their anaerobic PCP degradation have been monitored by checking the PCP concentration of the soils at regular intervals. The degradation of PCP did not occur in the soils autoclaved two times before pre-incubation. On the other hand, all the soils showed significant PCP degradation in non-sterilized condition after 30 days of incubation, except far one soil sample (Yatomi), in which PCP was rarely degraded until 30 days of incubation. This result showed PCP disappearance in the pad(rf soils was mainly caused by microbiological activity, and depended upon the physicochemical characteristics of the soils.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 1993

For the purpose of evaluating the cleansing efficiency against Candida albicans detected frequently in patients with denture stomatitis, two denture cleansers with or without enzymes were studied under the same conditions. The results were as fellows: 1. Enzyme-contain denture cleanser was showed more Candida albicans lytic ability than non-enzyme-contained denture cleanser. 2. It was observed that Candida albicans lytic activity in further diluted manufacturerers' recommended concentration was decreased. 3. In fungicidal test, the enzyme-contained denture cleanser sterilized Candida albicans, and the non-enzyme-contained denture cleanser did not sterilize Candida albicans. 4. Sterilizing time of Candid albicans was needed for at least 60 minutes in enzyme-contained denture cleanser solution which was diluted with manufacturerers' recommended concentrations., and was needed for more times with further diluted manufacturerers' recommended concentrations. 5. In vitro growth test of Candida albicans on acrylic resin surface, the only enzyme-contained denture cleanser inhibited growth of Candida albicans, and it was observed that inhibiton ability of growth of Candida albicans on arrylic resin surface was decreased in further diluted manufacturerers' recommended concentrations.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.205-210
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of gamma irradiation and different conditions (vacuum packaging, antioxidant and freezing) on the microbiological and sensory characteristics of freeze dried Manila clam porridge (MCP) for immuno-compromised patient food. MCP can be sterilized at 1 kGy to 10 kGy. The initial counts of total aerobic bacteria and yeast molds in the non-irradiated MCP were $2.4{\pm}0.5$ and $1.2{\pm}0.3{\log}\;CFU\;g^{-1}$, respectively, but gamma irradiation significantly decreased the total aerobic bacteria to below the detection limit ($1{\log}\;CFU\;g^{-1}$) (5 kGy). Moreover, gamma irradiation effectively eliminated yeasts/molds at dose below than 1 kGy. However, gamma irradiation accelerated the increase of lipid oxidation and therefore, decreased the sensory characteristics of MCP as irradiation dose increased. To improve the sensory qualities of gamma irradiated MCP, combination treatment (vacuum packaging, 0.1% vitamin C) were applied. There was no significant difference in the overall acceptance scores between the combined-treatment sample (5.6 points) and the non-irradiated samples (6.0). The results indicate that combination treatment (vacuum packaging, 0.1% vitamin C) may help to maintain the quality of MCP. Therefore, it considered that irradiation of MCP with combined treatment and this is an effective method for the consumption as a special purpose food such as for space travel or immuno-compromised patients.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 1998

This paper introduces to a simple culture method and growth of axenic (bacteria-free) rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis for seed stock of rotifer mass culture. This rotifer axenic culture method is based on the washing and transferring with sterilized sea water and modified antibiotic mixture AM9 solution. Population growth (final density on day 16) of axenic cultured rotifer were maintained with a high density and stable growth compared with the control of non-axenic culture (general culture style) through the 3 times-rerunning experiments (trial 1, 2 and 3). But the egg carrying rates of amictic females were not different between the axenic-and non-axenic culture condition. Although, rotifer density was higher in axenic culture, the food (Nannochloropsis oculata) was still remained unutilized than that of the non-axenic culture in third trial culture. These results suggest the possible existence of harmful bacteria for the rotifer population growth in the trial 1 and 3 of non-axenic culture compared to the trial 2. This axenic rotifer culture method is valuable for seed stock of the stable rotifer mass cultures.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.2-8
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• 2013

PURPOSE. Autoclaves and UV sterilizers have been commonly used to prevent cross-infections between dental patients and dental instruments or materials contaminated by saliva and blood. To develop a dental sterilizer which can sterilize most materials, such as metals, rubbers, and plastics, the sterilization effect of an atmospheric pressure non-thermal air plasma device was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS. After inoculating E. coli and B. subtilis the diamond burs and polyvinyl siloxane materials were sterilized by exposing them to the plasma for different lengths of time (30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and, 240 seconds). The diamond burs and polyvinyl siloxane materials were immersed in PBS solutions, cultured on agar plates and quantified by counting the colony forming units. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and significance was assessed by the LSD post hoc test (${\alpha}$=0.05). RESULTS. The device was effective in killing E. coli contained in the plasma device compared with the UV sterilizer. The atmospheric pressure non-thermal air plasma device contributed greatly to the sterilization of diamond burs and polyvinyl siloxane materials inoculated with E. coli and B. subtilis. Diamond burs and polyvinyl siloxane materials inoculated with E. coli was effective after 60 and 90 seconds. The diamond burs and polyvinyl siloxane materials inoculated with B. subtilis was effective after 120 and 180 seconds. CONCLUSION. The atmospheric pressure non-thermal air plasma device was effective in killing both E. coli and B. subtilis, and was more effective in killing E. coli than the UV sterilizer.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of surface sterilization and the physicochemical properties of electrolyzed water manufactured from various electrolytic diaphragm and electrolyte. Physical properties of electrolyzed water manufactured from the diaphragm system were the most effective at the following conditions; the distance between diaphragms was 1.0 mm and the supplying rate of 20% NaCl was 6 mL/min. The ORP, HClO content and pH at above conditions were 1,170 mV, 100 ppm and 2.5, respectively. And two stage electrolyzed system was more effective than one stage electrolyzed water manufactured from non-diaphragm system, with 4 mL/min supplying rate of 20% NaCl, was similar to the most effective diaphragm system. But ORP, HClO content and pH were abut 800 mV, 200 ppm and 9 level, respectively. Sealed electrolyzed water could be preserved more than one month at room temperature with ORP of 750 mV in non-diaphragm system and 1,150 mV in diaphragm system, and HClO content of 100 ppm. Twelve kinds of microorganism tested were sterilized within 30 seconds from initial total counts of 10$\^$5/∼10$\^$6/cfu/ml by electrolyzed water. Though the ORP and HCIO contents of electrolyzed water manufactured from various electrolyte were higher in order of NaCl>KCl>CaCl$_2$, there were no difference between the electyolytes in the efficacy of sterilization. Salmonella typhi and Vibrio Proteolyticus were also sterilized by electrolyzed water manufactured from elctrolytes of NaCl CaC1$_2$and KCl

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.196-205
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• 2001

The results of examining cultivation of tlyster mushroom using NSM(Non Sterilized Media) for determining the condition of artificially culturing oyster mushroom(Pleurotus ostreatus) are as follows. Mycelial growth an[1 density of oyster mushroom. were the highest in the medium of waste cotton(spinning) : corn cob(80 : 20, V/V) followed by the order of rice bran, beet pulp. Expecially, mycelial growth and density of oyster mushroom is the lowest at the mixture rate of 80% waste cotton(spinning) : 10% beet pulp. Mycelial growth and density of oyster mushroom. were the highest in the medium of cotton seed hull and beet pulp mixture followed by the order of rice bran, corn cob. Expecially, mycelial growth and density of oyster mushroom is the lowest at the mixture rate of 80% cotton seed hull : above 20% rice bran. Mycelial growth and density of oyster mushroom were the highest in the medium rate of 70% waste cotton(spinning), 10% corn cob and 10% beet pulp(V/V). Mycelial growth and density of oyster mushroom were the highest in the medium rate of 70% cotton seed hull , 10% corn cob and 10% beet pulp(V/V). Optimal concentration of NSM for the mycelial growth and density of oyster mushroom were shown to be 500 times concentration. Optimal water contents for the mycelial growth and density of NSM was 70%.

• Mycobiology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2005

Pot greenhouse experiments were carried out to attempt to increase the salinity tolerance of one of the most popular legume of the world; cowpea; by using dual inoculation of an Am fungus Glomus clarum and a nitrogen-fixer Azospirillum brasilense. The effect of these beneficial microbes, as single- or dual inoculation-treatments, was assessed in sterilized loamy sand soil at five NaCl levels ($0.0{\sim}7.\;2ds/m$) in irrigating water. The results of this study revealed that percentage of mycorrhizal infection, plant height, dry weight, nodule number, protein content, nitrogenase and phosphatase activities, as well as nutrient elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg were significantly decreased by increasing salinity level in non-mycorrhized plants in absence of NFB. Plants inoculated with NFB showed higher nodule numbers, protein content, nitrogen concentration and nitrogenase activities than those of non-inoculated at all salinity levels. Mycorrhized plants exhibited better improvement in all measurements than that of non-mycorrhized ones at all salinity levels, especially, in the presence of NFB. The concentration of $Na^+$ was significantly accumulated in cowpea plants by rising salinity except in shoots of mycorrhizal plants which had $K^+/Na^+$ ratios higher than other treatments. This study indicated that dual inoculation with Am fungi and N-fixer Azospirillum can support both needs for N and P, excess of NaCl and will be useful in terms of soil recovery in saline area.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.252-259
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• 1998

Electron beam, electrically produced from an electron accelerator, was compared with gamma energy in terms of its influence on color and organoleptic qualities of ginseng powders when exposed to the energy used for their microbial decontamination. Hunter color L and b values were suitable for measuring color characteristics of ginseng powders, which were not significantly changed by the exposure to 5 to 7.5 kGy electron beam and gamma energy. Fifty percent ethanol extracts of irradiated ginseng powders at 10 key showed negligible differences from the non-irradiated control in the pattern of absorption spectra at 280∼800 am, but showed increased values in overall color difference (AE) as compared with powdered samples. Irradiation more than 10 kGy and storage at ambient temperature for 4 months caused browning of powdered samples. Irradiation at more than 10 kGy of electron beam was found a critical level to bring about appreciable changes (p<0.05) in or-ganoleptic qualities such as color and odor of sterilized samples, and red ginseng powder was more susceptible than white one to organoleptic changes by irradiation.