• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제17권1_2_3호
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• pp.591-603
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• 2005

A representation for non-commutative Banach algebras is discussed, which generalizes the Gelfand representation for commutative Banach algebras and the Gelfand-Naimark representation for $C^{\ast}$-algebras. Its basic properties are also investigated. In appendix, an example of Banach algebra that is neither semi-simple nor radical is presented.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.136-146
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• 2015

차량 인식을 기반으로 하는 능동 제어는 지능형 자동차의 구현에 필요한 핵심 기술이며. 차폐 영역(occlusion)이 빈번하게 발생하는 도심에서 차량을 인식하기 위하여 차량의 부분적인 모습만으로도 차량을 인식할 수 있는 부분 기반 차량 표현이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 지역적인 특징을 기저벡터로 사용하는 비음수 텐서 분해(non-negative tensor factorization, NTF)를 이용하여 차량을 표현하고, NTF 분해 계수를 특징으로 차량 인식률을 검증하였다. 실험 결과, 제안하는 방법이 기존의 비음수 행렬 분해를 사용한 경우에 비하여 보다 직관적인 부분 표현이 가능하며, 도심 영상에서도 보다 강건하게 차량을 인식함을 보여주었다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.137-153
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• 2007

This research studied differences in the distribution of maternal attachment representation between divorced and non-divorced low income mothers, associations between their divorce and childhood experiences, and associations between maternal attachment representation and childhood experiences. Subjects were twenty each divorced and still-married women with low socioeconomic status. The Adult Attachment Interview was used to assess their attachment representation resulting in classification by four types; autonomous (F), dismissing (Ds), preoccupied (E), or unresolved/disorganized (Ud). The divorced women had more childhood experiences of being rejected and neglected by their mothers than the non-divorced women. This indicates that maternal childhood experiences were related to maternal attachment representation and divorce.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.225-242
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• 2016

The phase-type representation is strongly connected with the positive realization in positive system. We attempt to transform phase-type representation into sparse mono-cyclic positive representation with as low order as possible. Because equivalent positive representations of a given phase-type distribution are non-unique, it is important to find a simple sparse positive representation with lower order that leads to more effective use in applications. A Hypo-Feedback-Coxian Block (HFCB) representation is a good candidate for a simple sparse representation. Our objective is to find an HFCB representation with possibly lower order, including all the eigenvalues of the original generator. We introduce an efficient nonlinear optimization method for computing an HFCB representation from a given phase-type representation. We discuss numerical problems encountered when finding efficiently a stable solution of the nonlinear constrained optimization problem. Numerical simulations are performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1069-1072
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• 2001

We described a method resonant mode identification in dielectric-rod loaded cylindrical cavity resonators. Resonant frequency of dielectric loaded cavity is calculated by analyzing the characteristic equation. The characteristic equation is solved by using the ContourPlot graph of Mathematica. As the result of comparing calculation value and experimental value of resonant frequencies, we know that the field representation of non-decaying mode is exact. The contour graph method is not a method using approximated representation of electromagnetic field variation at the outer area of dielectric in the resonators but a method using exact representation.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2013

Since the 1960's, diverse movements that oppose the uniform design tendency of modernism appears in Italy. Especially, Gaetano Pesce, who opposed uniformity and standardization that are based on mass production system, had interests in making unique product, not an identical product, while accepting modern production technology. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to comprehend Pesce's design, which creates diversity by arranging contingent, non-predictive, and episodic aspects in creative and acceptance processes according to the intension of the designer within mass production system, as a non-representational characteristic, which appears widely in modern thought and the arts, and examine how it is materialized in detailed design work. The study methods are first examining non-representation with theoretical contemplation and dealing with the design philosophy of Pesce based on the examination. Next, in order to discover non-representational characteristics that appear in the work of Pesce, it examines from introducing worker's creativity, user's possibility of choice, openness in the working process, and the aspects of researching materials. And a specific application method will be drawn through case analysis centered on furniture design. Gaetano Pesce's design that denies the world of representation based on the sameness comes to possess non-representational characteristics that acknowledge contingency and ceaselessly create difference by intentionally arranging during the working process.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제12권
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• pp.125-143
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• 2007

The politics penetrating through the contemporary art since modernism to postmodernism is to accomplish the 'Non-representation' in the artworks. This study argues that postmodernism did not put an end to the formalistic feature of modernism but intended to accomplish it. Modernist art aimed at purity, i.e. self-referential and self-definition art advocated by Clement Greenberg, and it carne to the end by accomplishing flatness and materiality. It was an 'evasion to the matter' which allocated the object from visuality of outer object to the psychic image of the subject. It failed being 'non-representational' as what it really achieved was transition of object. Jean Baudrillard's theory tried to overcome the representational quality by 'being simulacre'. In the representative artworks of the past, the meaning of artworks was reverted under the outer context or object. The meaning again failed being 'Non-representational' as it was restored to the psychic image of the subject in modernist artworks where the definite illusion was demolished Meanwhile, artwork advocating simulacre acquired Non-representational quality by liberating from both models. It did not deconstruct the self-referential tendency of modernism but maximized the Non-representational modernistic principle. After creating 'Non-representation' through simulacre, the existential status and function of an artwork is the inclination and moral of contemporary art as 'Non-representation'. The image theory of Henri Bergson sets the existential status of 'image' as it does not belong to either subject nor object. It provides significant foundation for arguing the existential status of simulacre. Moreover, though an artwork as a fragment forming a movement image in the world cannot represent the object, it can however sustain certain kind of fractal resemblance with the world by letting the two parties communicate. The theory of sense by Gilles Deleuze is of profound significance as it specifically indicated way how the stage of absorption through the unity of subject and object is realized in forms of artworks, and configured the latent and invisible energy.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.131-145
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• 2017

The representation of irrational numbers has a key role in the learning of irrational numbers. However, transparent and finite representation of irrational numbers does not exist in school mathematics context. Therefore, many students have difficulties in understanding irrational numbers as an 'Object'. For this reason, this research explored how mathematics textbooks affected to students' understanding of irrational numbers in the view of process and object. Specifically we analyzed eight textbooks based on current curriculum and used framework based on previous research. In order to supplement the result derived from textbook analysis, we conducted questionnaires on 42 middle school students. The questions in the questionnaires were related to the representation and calculation of irrational numbers. As a result of this study, we found that mathematics textbooks develop contents in order of process-object, and using 'non repeating decimal', 'numbers cannot be represented as a quotient', 'numbers with the radical sign', 'number line' representation for irrational numbers. Students usually used a representation of non-repeating decimal, although, they used a representation of numbers with the radical sign when they operate irrational numbers. Consequently, we found that mathematics textbooks affect students to understand irrational numbers as a non-repeating irrational numbers, but mathematics textbooks have a limitation to conduce understanding of irrational numbers as an object.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.247-256
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• 2021

수학 문제해결에서 시각적 표현은 문제 이해와 해결에 유용한 수학적 표현으로 인식되고 있다. 그렇지만 그 효과는 문제 내용이나 유형, 또는 이용되는 시각적 표현 유형에 따라 다를 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 정형화된 문제와 비정형화된 문제해결에 이용된 시각적 표현의 양상을 살펴보기 위해 초등학교 5학년 학생들을 대상으로 조사연구를 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 정답률에서는 정형화된 문제가 비정형화된 문제보다 높게 나타났다. 정형화된 문제에서는 시각적 표현을 이용하여 문제를 해결하도록 하였음도 불구하고 수식을 이용하여 해결한 비율이 높게 나타났다. 반면에 비정형화된 문제에서는 시각적 표현을 이용하여 해결한 비율이 높게 나타났다. 그렇지만 비정형화된 문제에서 시각적 표현을 이용한 대상자 중에 오답자의 비율도 높게 나타났는데, 이것은 문제 상황을 묘사하는 수준의 시각적 표현에 그친 경우였다. 따라서 다양한 유형의 시각적 표현을 문제해결에 이용할 수 있는 경험을 제공하도록 하고, 시각적 표현으로의 변환 과정에도 주의를 기울일 필요가 있다.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2000

The non-manifold geometric modeling technique is to improve design process and to Integrate design, analysis, and manufacturing by handling mixture of wireframe model, surface model, and solid model in a single data structure. For the non-manifold geometric modeling, Euler operators and other high level modeling methods are necessary. Boolean operation is one of the representative modeling method for the non-manifold geometric modeling. This thesis studies Boolean operations of non-manifold model with the data structure of selective storage. The data structure of selective storage is improved non-manifold data structure in that existing non-manifold data structures using ordered topological representation method always store non-manifold information even if edges and vortices are in the manifold situation. To implement Boolean operations for non-manifold model, intersection algorithm for topological cells of three different dimensions, merging and selection algorithm for three dimensional model, and Open Inventor(tm), a 3D toolkit from SGI, are used.