• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.309-322
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• 2024

Identifying algae in water is important for managing algal blooms which have great impact on drinking water supply systems. There have been various microscopic approaches developed for algae classification. Many of them are based on the morphological features of algae. However, there have seldom been mathematical frameworks for comparing the shape of algae, represented as a planar continuous curve obtained from an image. In this work, we describe a recent framework for computing shape distance between two different algae based on the elastic metric and a novel functional representation called the square root velocity function (SRVF). We further introduce statistical procedures for multiple shapes of algae including computing the sample mean, the sample covariance, and performing the principal component analysis (PCA). Based on the shape distance, we classify six algal species in watersheds experiencing algal blooms, including three cyanobacteria (Microcystis, Oscillatoria, and Anabaena), two diatoms (Fragilaria and Synedra), and one green algae (Pediastrum). We provide and compare the classification performance of various distance-based and model-based methods. We additionally compare elastic shape distance to non-elastic distance using the nearest neighbor classifiers.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.870-885
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• 2010

The purposes of this study are to examine what the participants experienced when developing Content Representation (CoRe) of "molecular motion" for the 7th grade in collaboration with experienced chemistry-trained teacher and non-chemistry-trained teacher and to investigate how the participants' PCK changed in their classes after developing CoRe. The participants were one experienced chemistry-trained teacher, two physics-trained teachers, and one researcher. The participants were selected by purposeful sampling. For this study, the discussions on developing CoRe was recorded and two physics-trained participants' classes were video-taped, and constructed/semiconstructed interviews were conducted. All data were transcribed for analysis. The participants experienced reflective thinking of their knowledge and previous classes, corrected their own misconception and clarified those conception, recognized the contents and the goals of "molecular motion" class, enhanced understanding of students' preconception during the development of CoRe. Especially, the two physics-trained teacher-participants confessed that they recognized clearly the contents and the goals of "molecular motion" class and identified their deficiency in 'particle viewpoint' in their previous classes. Their recognition was realized in the course of interaction with experienced chemistry-trained teacher. Among the components of PCK, knowledge of science curriculum was most influent on two physics-trained teacher-participants' classes, and they emphasized 'particle viewpoint' and 'molecular motion' in their classes. In addition, they introduced new teaching strategies that were discussed in the course of developing CoRe. The influence on the participants' PCK was different according to their reflective thinking on their own knowledge and previous classes and their affective characteristic. The implication of this study is that, the course of developing CoRe can promote reflective thinking that is essential for increasing teachers' professionalism and significantly influence on PCK. Especially, developing CoRe in collaboration with experienced chemistry-trained teacher and non-chemistry-trained teacher can identify deficiency in their classes and thereby, improve their classes. And, it takes time and effort to internalize the participant's recognition in their teaching practice.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.297-309
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• 2012

This study examines how East Asia is represented in US World Geography textbooks and what kind of cultural and political epistemological frameworks are embedded in those representation focused on China and Japan. For this, four World Geography textbooks that widely used in public middle school throughout the State of Connecticut are selected as the major units of analysis and analyzed using content analysis. The results are as follows. First, The textbooks have the cultural epistemological framework that East Asia are portrayed not only as homegenous and static world but also as exotic world whose mode of life is quite different from that the West. Second, China are represented as having more traditional and negative images, whereas Japan are portrayed as receiving more modern and positive images in the textbooks. This difference is caused by the relationship between the U.S. and them and imply that the epistemological framework on East Asia of American can change according to the relationship between the U.S. and East Asia. Third, the textbooks seem to be dominated by colonialism epistemological framework that emphasize hierarchical order between the U.S. and East Asia and omit East Asian countries' contribution to global cultures and economies as political epistemological framework. These findings suggest the need to investigate the epistemological frameworks underlying World Geography textbooks used Korean classroom about neighbor Asia or non-Western societies.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.663-686
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of convergent approach of mathematics education on students' problem-solving ability and self-efficacy by designing and applying mathematics curriculum based on STEAM. The results are as follows. First, the test results between the two groups did not show any statistically significant difference in terms of problem solving ability, but the experimental group showed a higher average score than the comparative group. Compared with the standard deviation of the experimental group, It can be seen that the level of difference between students is great. This suggests that STEAM-based mathematics lessons have a positive effect on the problem solving ability of low-level students. Second, the results of the self-efficacy t-test of STEAM-based mathematics class showed statistically significant results at a 5% significance level. In the sub-domain, the preference for the difficulty of the mathematics task, except math self-confidence and the math self-regulation efficacy, were statistically significant at a 5% significance level. This study shows that STEAM-based mathematics classes have a positive effect on the students' positive aspects. Through the STEAM program, students learn that mathematics is connected with other fields, and it provides an opportunity to explore on their own, and they more became interested, motivated, and achievement. Also, through the results of the STEAM-based mathematics class, it can be seen that the expressive power and self-confidence are increased by using the non-formal representation outside of the existing formal representation center. The result of this study can be summarized as follows: A STEAM-based mathematics class has a positive effect on problem solving ability and self-efficacy. Therefore, it is interpreted that the application of the STEAM program focusing on mathematics accounts for education effectives.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.73-97
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• 2010

Representation of destitution may be considered as an expression of a social desire toward forging a bond or solidarity with the impoverished. However, political and ethical demands of the solidarity force the formulaic framework structuring the form of representation to its limits. The thesis aims to examine the responses to such demands within the tradition of modernist literature that can be traced from Charles Baudelaire, Knut Hamsun to Franz Kafka and that somehow culminates with Samuel Beckett, and to analyze how the issue of destitution that weaves through Beckett's works criticizes and inherits such a heritage. Whereas destitution in 19th century Realism is structurally fixed and its potential for change is inherently excluded, for these writers, destitution is no longer the state of rigid reality in which any possibility is limited. It is destitution as an imperative that calls for exploitation of possibilities that can be recuperated from the impoverished condition of destitution. What these writers consistently resist against is destitution that leads to compensation and reward. Since occupying a superior position toward the other as the subject of description or sympathy can be seen as one form of profit or reward, they have persistently pursued absolute solitariness and austere conditions rather than prematurely simulating a sense of solidarity and community. The ultimate goal of destitution as an imperative is to pursue destitution in order to worsen it by identifying and then excluding and expending possessions and assets to a state of penury. This is a paradoxical process that opens up the realm of possibilities of destitution and redefines it as abundance and wealth. Destitution for Beckett as seen in the writers above is the objective of literature. But, what he focuses on is to amplify the shreds of economic world that still remain in a state of poverty and to reveal extreme poverty as a state of odd affluence and to transform it into a pursuit of accumulation and profit. One of his famous axioms, "less is more", contains the essence of such a paradoxical strategy. In a sense, such approach is a twist on the strategy that identifies and uses any remaining potential hidden in destitution as was pursued by other writers. It also expands on the imagination of the destitute described by Hamsun. But Hamsun and Beckett are diametrical opposites. Unlike Hamsun, Beckett does not link imagination with a sense of guilt. Imagination is not intended to overcome the destitute reality nor to culminate in artistic martyrdom as in the case of Kafka's hunger artist. The imagination of the impoverished in Beckett is simply a hilarious game and not an escape that ends in a sense of guilt. This game formulates a "rhetorical question" or derision at the ironical situation where the pursuit of hunger and art as the disinterestedness has been turned into symbolic capital. It is inherently a fundamental critique at the aestheticization of destitution that has been pursued by Modernism. Beckett's efforts at divulging falsehood inherent in non-profit acts such as charity, donation and hospitality are dissections of social fictions in which aestheticization of destitution remains a part of the whole.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.521-531
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• 2020

QZSS (Quasi-Zenith Satellite System) provides the CLAS (Centimeter Level Augmentation Service) through the satellite's L6 band. CLAS provides correction messages called C-SSR (Compact - State Space Representation) for GPS (Global Positioning System), Galileo and QZSS. In this study, CLAS messages were received by using the AsteRx4 of Septentrio which is a GPS receiver capable of receiving L6 bands, and the messages were decoded to acquire C-SSR. In addition, Multi-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Code-PPP (Precise Point Positioning) was developed to compensate for GNSS errors by using C-SSR to pseudo-range measurements of GPS, Galileo and QZSS. And non-linear least squares estimation was used to estimate the three-dimensional position of the receiver and the receiver time errors of the GNSS constellations. To evaluate the accuracy of the algorithms developed, static positioning was performed on TSK2 (Tsukuba), one of the IGS (International GNSS Service) sites, and kinematic positioning was performed while driving around the Ina River in Kawanishi. As a result, for the static positioning, the mean RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) for all data sets was 0.35 m in the horizontal direction ad 0.57 m in the vertical direction. And for the kinematic positioning, the accuracy was approximately 0.82 m in horizontal direction and 3.56 m in vertical direction compared o the RTK-FIX values of VRS.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.40
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• pp.5-35
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• 2020

Affect is intensity and quality that are generated as the physical body senses the outside world. Of experienced affect, notions that are granted meaning and interpretation are emotions. Affect theory distinguishes emotion and affect and by focusing on affect, it provides methods with which to analyze physical body responses and changes and it presents new possibilities to performing arts research that uses the physical body as a medium. Nong-ak is art that concentrates mainly on the occurrence of affect rather than 'representation'. Nong-ak is a performance type in which sound, color, texture, and physical movement overlap and exist in a synesthetic way. Here, physical things such as instruments, props, costumes, and stage devices are gathered together with non-physical things such as rhythm, mood, and atmosphere around human bodies. The physical body is stimulated by these things, displays tendencies that suit performances, and becomes 'the body without an image' as it immerses itself into the performance, acting while displaying 'quasi-corporeality'. The body, which moves automatically as if without consciousness, appears more easily within groups. To transition individuals of everyday life to 'the body without an image', Nong-ak executes the group physical exercise of 'Jinpuri'. Such physical exercise builds up affect by increasing nonverbal communion and communication and brings out the creativity of individuals within mutual trust and a sense of belonging. Affect and emotion stirred up by Nong-ak act as confirmation and affirmation of the existence, vitality, and ability of one's self and groups. Such affirmation recalls Nong-ak as a meaningful and important value from group dimensions and perceives it as a performance form that should be preserved and passed on.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.277-281
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• 2006

This paper presents a method for the automatic recognition of pitch accents over syllables. The method that we propose is based on the time-delay recursive neural network (TDRNN). which is a neural network classifier with two different representation of dynamic context: the delayed input nodes allow the representation of an explicit trajectory F0(t) along time. while the recursive nodes provide long-term context information that reflects the characteristics of pitch accentuation in spoken English. We apply the TDRNN to pitch accent recognition in two forms: in the normal TDRNN. all of the prosodic features (pitch. energy, duration) are used as an entire set in a single TDRNN. while in the distributed TDRNN. the network consists of several TDRNNs each taking a single prosodic feature as the input. The final output of the distributed TDRNN is weighted sum of the output of individual TDRNN. We used the Boston Radio News Corpus (BRNC) for the experiments on the speaker-independent pitch accent recognition. π 1e experimental results show that the distributed TDRNN exhibits an average recognition accuracy of 83.64% over both pitch events and non-events.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.45-59
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• 2002

The author argues that the current Government Information System for river water quality appears to be non-user friendly due to lack of the cartographic representation for the field monitoring data. Acknowledging these constraints, an operational, user-friendly information system has been developed by combining Internet technology with GIS. A digital map for water quality has been generated by overlaying monitoring data on existing cartographic data such as road, topography and administrative boundary etc. A user interface was designed to address the need to querry the large spatial databases by non-GIS and non-environmental experts. The system has been checked experimentally and enabled the users to querry data required simply. And detailed visual maps for water quality can be generated over large areas quickly and easily. A visual mapping system for water quality was developed by reframing the monitoring data as graphic symbols and it was ideally suited to exploring area-wide water quality at a user-friendly manner due to extensibility and scalability along the various survey points. This system based on Web GIS could be accessed anywhere if internet is available. It would play a crucial role in improving the quality of public information service if it is operationally introduced into the Government since the highly user-friendly interface provides a completely new means for disseminating information far water pollution in a visual and interactive manner to the general public.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.38
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• pp.29-63
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• 2015

This paper attempts to re-read Tennessee William's A Streetcar Named Desire from a non-Aristotelian perspective, particularly focusing on the audience performativity. In Chapter 6 of the Poetics, Aristotle says that tragedy has a final purpose or end (telos) and that is to inspire a catharsis (literally "purification") of pity and fear by means of representation and to give pleasure from experiencing their relief. However, a dramatic theoretician Augusto Boal argues that Aristotelian catharsis is not to get rid of pity and fear through their vehement discharge; rather, the basic function of catharsis is the purging of antisocial elements from the social body and the restoration of order because catharsis occurs when the spectator, terrified by the spectacle of the catastrophe, is purified of his "hamartia" which looks similar to the tragic flaw of the hero in the play. Thus, Boal asserts that Aristotle's coercive system of tragedy manipulates the emotions of the passive spectator. By contrast, in non-Aristotelian aesthetics, tragedy functions not as legitimation for a particular political configuration but as the performance of ethical acts-through which all the participants, including not only the actors but also the audience, communicate more actively about practical problems and actively work in order to make sense of themselves, others, and society. Here, the audience is required to restore and reinforce his/her capacity to think and to act; thus, an unquestioning, passive, indifferent attitude is not allowed. In these contexts, this paper explores how Tennessee William's A Streetcar Named Desire involves the audience in the responsibility for what occurs on the stage, in order to urge the audience's ethical judgements and responsible acts. This paper argues that what this play asks of us is not catharsis, the purging of pity and fear, but empathy toward the other's pain, beyond pity and fear, to carry out our responsibility of sharing in and caring for the other's suffering. That is to say that it will be an ethical way to "re-member" Blanche DuBoi-the iconic Williams victim "dis-membered" by traumatic memories and open wounds and is thus unable to complete her grieving and mourning-as one of us, not as the other. It will be the only way to remember right regarding her tragedy.