• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2009

The study was performed to investigate the relationship of regular exercise to body composition and nutrient intakes of male college students by comparing anthropometric measurements and one-day dietary intakes by 24-hour recall of physical education (PE) majors and non-major male college students. The subjects were 253 students residing in the Gyeonggi area. Only 64.1% and 32.1% of PE majors and non-major students exercised over 4 times a week and PE major students did stronger exercise than the non-major students did. Mean BMI and WHR (Waist Hip Ratio) of the two groups were not different. But percentages of body fat and lean body mass in PE major students were lower and higher, respectively, than those of non-major students. PE major students consumed significantly more energy and other nutrients except iron, niacin, vitamin C, and vitamin E than non-major students. Nutrients consumed less than KRDA was calcium in PE major students and energy, calcium, zinc, vitamin $B_{12}$, folate, and vitamin C in non-major students. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of PE major students (1.00) was significantly higher than that of non-major students (0.94). Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) of all nutrients except vitamin A of PE major students was also significantly higher than that of non-major students. Nutrients below 1.00 in INQ of both groups were calcium, zinc, vitamin B2, and folate. Our data supports that regular exercise may positively influence on body composition and increase diet quality in male college students. Therefore, an educational program focused on regular exercise along with proper dietary behavior would be needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.558-561
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• 2007

In this paper, non working day for the construction project in Cheongju and Chungju region considering weather condition was estimated. In Cheongju region, non working day for outside and half outside work was 157days and for interior work 144days. For Chungju region, non working day for outside and half outside work was 160days and for interior work 144days. Non working day affected by temperature was 144 days at both Chungju and Cheongju. Non working day due to low temperature was 109 days and it due to high temperature was 45 days for Choengju. In Chungju, it was 11Sdays for cold weather, while it due to hot weather was 29 days.Non working day due to rainfall was 23 days at both region. To reduce the deviation between estimated non working days and measured ones, proper selection of the duration is required.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 1997

A mass appearing in the anterior or lateral side of neck often can be a diagnostic challenge. Differential diagnosis of the neck mass covers a broad spectrum of diseases and the proper evaluation and management of a neck mass requires an impressive amount of anatomic and pathologic information. Because improper diagnosis and management may convert a potentially curable malignant metastasis into incurable disease, a differential diagnosis must be considered in all patients who present with a neck mass. Authors reviewed 2,148 cases of neck mass who were diagnosed by surgical resection, biopsy or aspiration during the period between October 1982 to December 1993, excluding those with thyroid and parathyroid disease. The evaluated characteristics were age, sex, site of lesion, and pathologic diagnosis. The results were as follows: Of 2,148 cases of neck mass, the overall ratio of benign to malignant tumor was 3 : 1. In 1,603 cases of benign mass lesion, the most common disease was lymphadenitis(non-specific and tuberculosis) showing 53% incidence, the second was salivary gland tumor(13%), and the third was congenital lesion(12%). The minor problems such as lipoma and sebaceous cyst were 21 %. In the age distribution of benign lesion, tuberculous lymphadenitis showed peak incidence in second decade, non-specific lymphadenitis was main disease of childhood, salivary gland tumor was peak in fourth decade, and most of congenital lesions were diagnosed at the age below 15. In 545 malignant tumors, the most common lesion was metastatic cancer to cervical lymph nodes yielding 71 % incidence(head and neck primary 52%, infraclavicular primary 42%, unknown primary 5%), the second common disease was lymphoma(19%), and the third was salivary gland cancer(9%). In the age incidence of malignant tumor, 60% of them developed in the fifth and sixth decade, head and neck primary was more common in the fifth decade than sixth, however lymphoma showed higher incidence in sixth decade. In the analysis of mass location according to lymph node level grouping(I - V), lymphadenitis developed mostly in level V nodes, the next common occurring site was level IV in tuberculous lymphadenitis and level II in non-specific lymphadenitis. The majority of metastatic cancers were found in level IV and III, and common occurring site of lymphoma was in level II and IV. Pathologic diagnosis of neck masses were made by fine needle aspiration cytology 80 cases, incisional biopsy 533 cases, excisional surgery 1,399 cases, and neck dissection 116 cases. For the proper management of neck mass, a proper diagnostic modality should be selected from imaging techniques, cytology, biopsy or neck dissection, with the consideration of patient's age, history and clinical findings. The scapel biopsy could be used freely in the inflammatory disease or inoperable metastatic cancer, but it should be reserved in the curable metastatic cancer or clinically possible malignancy.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.690-696
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• 2011

A number of conventional railway bridge is more than 2600. Non-ballast plate girder bridge is about 700 and this is 27% of all bridge numbers. Non-ballast plate girder has advantages that self load is more lighter than moving load and construction cost is more inexpensive than concrete bridge. But non-ballast plate girder has disadvantages that vibration and noise is bigger than concrete bridge. This study had analyzed behavior of non-ballast plate girder according to the arrangement of supports and driving conditions to review the proper arrangement of support. Measurements were performed in single line and disel locomotive of 7400type were used as test vehicle. The vehicle's driving conditions are as follows; Change of driving direction, Constant speed driving, Deceleration driving, Acceleration driving. Main measurement contents were horizontal displacement and vertical vibration acceleration in girder of vicinity support. Results of measurement are as follows; In case that a vehicle drives from fixed support to movable support, vertical vibration acceleration of the girder was smaller than opposition case.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.631-634
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• 2004

In this paper, the Bayesian recurrent neural network (BRNN) is proposed to predict time series data. Among the various traditional prediction methodologies, a neural network method is considered to be more effective in case of non-linear and non-stationary time series data. A neural network predictor requests proper learning strategy to adjust the network weights, and one need to prepare for non-linear and non-stationary evolution of network weights. The Bayesian neural network in this paper estimates not the single set of weights but the probability distributions of weights. In other words, we sets the weight vector as a state vector of state space method, and estimates its probability distributions in accordance with the Bayesian inference. This approach makes it possible to obtain more exact estimation of the weights. Moreover, in the aspect of network architecture, it is known that the recurrent feedback structure is superior to the feedforward structure for the problem of time series prediction. Therefore, the recurrent network with Bayesian inference, what we call BRNN, is expected to show higher performance than the normal neural network. To verify the performance of the proposed method, the time series data are numerically generated and a neural network predictor is applied on it. As a result, BRNN is proved to show better prediction result than common feedforward Bayesian neural network.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2017

The flexible joint with bellows and flange is made by welding bellows and flange in general. The welded parts cause a crack or demage in the flexible joint due to continuous vibration and fatigue limit. This paper is concerned with development of flexible joint with non-welded, free rotation of flange and non-packing to improve fatigue failure condition between bellows and flange. The support box and support plate that are components of press part are designed to compress fore-end of bellows only without demage of bellows. The production system of flexible joint is designed with piston attached on the compression side. The simulation is performed using Deform 3D software. As the result of simulation, the shape of compressed bellows was most proper in the compression power of $157kg{\cdot}f$ and any deformation has not occurred at a part besides fore-end. The result show that the production possibility of the designed flexible joint.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.469-472
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• 2008

Necropsy was performed on a total of twenty three either white leghorn or ogol chickens which were more than 150 weeks of age. Among twenty three chickens examined, fifteen chickens were laying and the rest eight chickens were non-laying. On necropsy, neoplastic mass in the five chickens among non-laying chickens was found. These neoplastic masses were present mostly in the ovaries and one case in the liver and characterized by multifocal to coalescing 1 to 5 mm tan firm nodular formation. On histopathology, ovarian adenocarcinoma with widespread abdominal seeding and hepatic metastasis was diagnosed in the three chickens. Oviductal leiomyoma was also found in two chickens that had a focal well-demarcated nodules in the oviduct. Taken together, the number with ovarian adenocarcinoma among non-laying chickens over 150 week old was 37.5%. As most animal species do rarely develop ovarian tumors, the high rate of spontaneous ovarian adenocarcinoma in non-laying hen suggest that the hen is a proper model for human ovarian cancer study.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.586-588
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• 2005

The MSC (Multi Spectral Camera) system is a remote sensing payload to obtain high resolution ground image. This system uses lossy image compression method for &Direct mission& that transmit whole image during one contact. But some image degradation occurred especially at high compression ratio. To reduce this degradation, the MSC uses NUC (Non-uniformity Correction) Unit. This unit correct CCD (Charge Coupled Device)'s high-frequency non-uniformity. So high frequency contents of image can be minimized and whole system SNR can be maximized. But NUC has some disadvantage either. It decreases entire system reliability by adding one electronic system. Adding NUC also led to difficulty of electronic design, assembly and testability. In this paper, the comparison is performed between on-orbit non-uniform correction and on ground correction. by evaluating NUC advantage for the point of view of image quality. Using real MSC parameter and proper model, considerable reference point for the system design came to possible.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.503-510
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• 2000

To improve the milling condition of brown rice a continuous type conditioning equipment was developed. To validate the performance of this machine the experimental operation was done at Sa-cheon RPC(Rice Processing Complex) using short grain rough. The initial moisture contents of brown rice were 15.0∼16.5%(w.b) and the flow rate of brown rice passing through the conditioner were 4,370kg per hour. The moisture content differences of brown rice between conditioned and non-conditioned were showed within 0.5%(w.b) This results means that the water injected to brown rice were absorbed to the surface of brown rice evenly. The moisture contents of conditioned treated milled rice were showed slightly higher than that of non-conditioned ones but it was considered that the conditioning process did not affected the weight increasing of milled rice by water supply. For initial moisture contents of 15.0∼16.5%(wb) brown rice it was found that the proper water supply rate was 0.115(cc-water)/(kg·%-brown rice) and the increments of whole rice were 2.2% compared to the non-conditioned ones. it was considered that the conditioning process did not influenced the whiteness of milled rice because the whiteness differences between conditioned and non-conditioned milled rice were negligible. About 18% of electric power which drives the abrasive type rice milling machine was saved at 0.115(cc-water)/(kg·%-brown rice) of water supply rate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.141-145
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• 2007

The part in the structure that is most affected by changes of external temperature is the protective concrete layer that protects a waterproofing layer. Also, the waterproofing layer that is situated under or on the back of such a protective concrete layer is affected by temperature and the behavior of the protective concrete layer under the condition of consolidation or close adhesion. In particular, in many cases, the damage is serious mainly around the projection (such as a parapet), crack, and joint (expansion joint). However, there is no proper way of examining again the non-exposed waterproofing layer once it has been constructed. Therefore, there is an assessment only on the physical property of materials and the capability of the layer in construction, and there is no actual assessment in consideration of its environmental condition or the condition of the use of buildings after construction. Therefore, in order to create more pleasant buildings and to enhance the durability of structures, this study conducts research into the change of capability of non-exposed waterproofing material after the application of a static load and moving load on the waterproofing layer situated under or on the back of protective concrete.