• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2005

Sheep production is affected by genetic and non-genetic factors. A knowledge of these factors is essential for efficient management and for the accurate estimation of breeding values. The objective of this study was to establish the non-genetic factors which affect birth weight and weaning weight in Dorper, Mutton Merino and indigenous Sabi sheep breeds. A total of 2,625 birth and weaning weight records from Grasslands Research Station collected from 1991 through 1993, were used. The records were collected from indigenous Sabi (939), Dorper (807) and Mutton Merino (898) sheep. A mixed classification model containing the fixed effects of year, birth status and sex was used for identification of non-genetic factors. Sire within breed was included as a random effect. Two factor interactions and three factor interactions were important in indigenous Sabi, Mutton Merino and Dorper sheep. The mean birth weights were 4.37${\pm}$0.04 kg, 4.62${\pm}$0.04 kg and 3.29${\pm}$0.04 kg for Mutton Merino, Dorper and Sabi sheep, respectively. Sire had significant effects (p<0.05) on birth weight in Mutton Merino and indigenous Sabi sheep. Year of lambing had significant effects (p<0.05) on birth weight in indigenous Sabi, Mutton Merino and Dorper sheep. The effect of birth status was non significant in Dorper and Mutton Merino sheep while effect of birth status was significant on birth weight in indigenous Sabi sheep. In Indigenous Sabi sheep lambs born as singles (3.30${\pm}$0.05 kg) were 0.23 kg heavier than twins (3.07${\pm}$0.05 kg), in Mutton Merino lambs born as singles (3.99${\pm}$0.08 kg) were 0.07 kg heavier than twins (3.92${\pm}$0.08 kg) and in Dorper lambs born as singles (4.41${\pm}$0.04 kg) were 0.02 kg heavier than twins (4.39${\pm}$0.04 kg). On average males were heavier than females (p<0.05) weighing (3.32${\pm}$0.04 kg vs. 3.05${\pm}$0.07 kg) in indigenous Sabi, 4.73${\pm}$0.03 kg vs. 4.08${\pm}$0.05 in Dorper and 4.26${\pm}$0.07 kg vs. 3.66${\pm}$0.09 kg in Mutton Merino sheep. Two way factor interactions of sire*year, year*sex and sex*birth status had significant effects (p<0.05) on birth weight in indigenous Sabi, Mutton Merino and Dorper sheep while the effect of year*birth status was non significant on birth weight in Indigenous Sabi sheep. The three way factor interaction of year*sex*birth status had a significant effect (p<0.01) on birth weight in indigenous Sabi and Mutton Merino. Tupping weight fitted as a covariate had significant effects (p<0.001) on birth weight in indigenous Sabi, Mutton Merino and Dorper sheep. The mean weaning weights were 17.94${\pm}$0.31 kg, 18.19${\pm}$0.28 kg and 14.39${\pm}$0.28 kg for Mutton Merino, Dorper and Indigenous Sabi sheep, respectively. Effects of sire and sire*year were non significant on weaning weight in Dorper and Mutton Merino while year, sex and sex*year interaction had significant effects (p<0.001) on weaning weight. On average males were heavier than females (p<0.001) at weaning. The respective weaning weights were 18.05${\pm}$0.46 kg, 18.68${\pm}$0.19 kg, 14.14${\pm}$0.15 kg for males and 16.64${\pm}$0.60 kg, 16.41${\pm}$0.31 kg, 12.64${\pm}$0.32 kg for females in Mutton Merino, Dorper and Indigenous Sabi sheep. Lambs born as singles were significantly heavier at weaning than twins, 0.05 kg, 0.06 kg and 0.78 kg for Mutton Merino, Dorper and Indigenous Sabi sheep, respectively. Effect of tupping weight was highly significant on weaning weight. The three way factor interaction year*sex*birth status had a significant effect (p<0.01) on weaning weight. Correction for environmental effects is necessary to increase accuracy of direct selection for birth weight and weaning weight.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.98-107
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• 2012

독도의 외부유입종 분포현황을 파악하기 위하여 2008년부터 2011년까지 조사하였다. 식재로 인해 생태계 교란이 많이 이루어진 1973년을 기준으로, 1973년 이전은 30분류군(52.6%), 1973년 이후는 24분류군(42.1%)과 재배종 3분류군(5.3%)으로 구분되었으며, 최근 독도에 대한 관심이 증가하고, 많은 탐방객들의 방문이 이루어짐에 따라 외부유입종에 대한 관리가 요구된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7377-7381
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• 2014

CYP2E1 PstI polymorphism G-1259C (rs3813867) genotype distributions vary significantly among different populations and are associated with both diseases, like cancer, and adverse drug effects. To date, there have been limited genotype distributions and allele frequencies of this polymorphism reported in the three major indigenous ethnic groups (KadazanDusun, Bajau, and Rungus) in Sabah, also known as North Borneo. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotype distributions and allele frequencies of the CYP2E1 PstI polymorphism G-1259C in these three major indigenous peoples in Sabah. A total of 640 healthy individuals from the three dominant indigenous groups were recruited for this study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) at G-1259C polymorphic site of CYP2E1 gene was performed using the Pst I restriction enzyme. Fragments were analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis and confirmed by direct sequencing. Overall, the allele frequencies were 90.3% for c1 allele and 9.7% for c2 allele. The genotype frequencies for c1/c1, c1/c2 and c2/c2 were observed as 80.9%, 18.8%, and 0.3%, respectively. A highly statistical significant difference (p<0.001) was observed in the genotype distributions between indigenous groups in Sabah with all Asian and non-Asian populations. However, among these three indigenous groups, there was no statistical significant difference (p>0.001) in their genotype distributions. The three major indigenous ethnic groups in Sabah show unique genotype distributions when compared with other populations. This finding indicates the importance of establishing the genotype distributions of CYP2E1 PstI polymorphism in the indigenous populations.

• 인문언어
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.43-74
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• 2002

This paper examines the concept of "tradition" for Indigenous Peoples as a construct of reality developed through the lens of Western scholarship and American Indian perspectives. The resulting notions of American Indian tradition constructed by a Western point of view, has been incorporated into the thinking of Western peoples as well as those of American Indians. Possible reasons for this include the lasting effects of colonialism and current mass media and the description of cultural "others" through the Western sciences of Anthropology and Musicology. A definition of what is valid or important in defining "traditional culture" for members of an Indigenous community may utilize significantly different measures than those of Western scholars. In order to illustrate this, the author uses two treatises focusing on the Indigenous American Indian cultures of communities in Eastern North America incorporating Indigenous points of view. One of these two books provides a focus on connections between language and culture and the other on ethnomusicology. From both of these perspectives, traditional identity is seen as continuing in the present day through persistent perceptions of reality, linked to community social performance. These perceptions and their accompanying indexes to tradition are still present despite the disappearance of or frequent changes in the surface forms of both language and manufactured cultural items. The emphasis on "legitimate" or "real" tradition is tied to performance within an ongoing cultural community rather than to Western constructions of what is real found in past descriptions of cultures. An alternative view of "valid" tradition and its relationship to Indigenous identity, needs to incorporate Indigenous perspectives rather than depend on constructions developed using non-Indigenous Western frameworks.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.83-100
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• 2002

This study introduced various theories and related studies on the evaluation of informal environmental education programs and suggested an evaluation procedure for them. The case study on the procedure and the result of Non-indigenous, Invasive Species Management/Education program evaluation was provided, which was conducted by Cornell University in cooperation with Cornell Cooperative Extension, The Nature Conservancy, and Finger Lake Land Trust. The procedure model that was used in this study was based on Herman et al. (1987) and slightly modified for the environmental education program evaluation. The procedure and results indicated that the implementation of NIS management/education program properly accomplished it's intended goal and objectives. This study also specifically described its implications for the evaluation of environmental education programs in informal settings.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.194-202
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Towards achievement of sustainable agriculture, using microbial inoculants may present promising alternatives without adverse environmental effects; however, there are challenging issues that should be addressed in terms of effectiveness and ecology. Viability and stability of the bacterial inoculants would be one of the major issues in effectiveness of microbial pesticide uses, and the changes within the indigenous microbial communities by the inoculants would be an important factor influencing soil ecology. Here we investigated the stability of the introduced bacterial strains in the soils planted with barley and its effect on the diversity shifts of the rhizosphere soil bacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two different types of bacterial strains of Bacillus thuringiensis and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 were inoculated to the soils planted with barley. To monitor the stability of the inoculated bacterial strains, genes specific to the strains (XRE and mtrA) were quantified by qPCR. In addition, bacterial community analyses were performed using v3-v4 regions of 16S rRNA gene sequences from the barley rhizosphere soils, which were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq system and Mothur. Alpha- and beta-diversity analyses indicated that the inoculated rhizosphere soils were grouped apart from the uninoculated soil, and plant growth also may have affected the soil bacterial diversity. CONCLUSION: Regardless of the survival of the introduced non-native microbes, non-indigenous bacteria may influence the soil microbial community and diversity.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.25-45
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• 2002

Opening of trade relationships through an increasing number of international free trade agreements and the now defunct General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade has resulted in an increase the number of the species being exchanged in the world. In the last 20 years, international environmental laws have multiplied and a number of treaties address harmful non-indigenous species (NIS) directly with specific provisions, while other treaties deal with related environmental issues and indirectly affect international regulation of NIS; however, such treaties are weak due to lack of enforceability. From the stand point of national law, many countries including the USA, Australia and New Zealand enforce national laws and regulations to protect biological resources. Typical strategies include : 1) strengthening quarantines to prevent unintentional and illegal introduction of harmful NIS, and 2) developing technologies for managing harmful NIS. However, the recent international trend for managing NIS has shifted. In 2002, the Bonn Guidelines on Access to Genetic Resources and Fair and Equitable Sharing of the Benefit Arising out of their Utilization was adopted at the 6th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biodiversity. One major issue highlighted in the document is that "there is no more free of charge to get a biological resource from other countries". The Bonn guidelines will affect international and national NIS regulatory systems because the NIS is a potentially disrupts ecosystems as well as native species. A number of impacts are expected including the revamping of national biodiversity policy regimes in many countries in the world. In particular, the ROK, which is not very biologically diverse, has to evolve national laws to protect valuable ecosystems from NIS. In the meanwhile, national rights of using beneficial indigenous and non-indigenous species as biological resources should be considered through the investigation and national registration of NIS around the world for the promotion of the biotech industry.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 선행연구를 통해 얻어진 노화지연 기술의 적용성 확대를 위해 토종 유색미를 활용한 굳지 않는 떡을 개발하여 소재의 응용범위를 확대하고 기술의 가치를 제고하고자 하였다. 개량종에 비해 연구가 전무한 토종 유색미의 가공적성 검토의 기초 연구로서 적미, 녹미의 일반성분 및 색소를 포함한 이화학 특성을 분석하고 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 적미와 녹미에는 안토시아닌과 클로로필이 함유되어 있음이 밝혀졌으며 탄닌계 색소를 포함한 수용성 페놀화합물이 함유되어 있어 항산화 효능을 갖는 것으로 추론되었다. 또한, 선행연구를 통해 얻어진 노화지연 기술을 적용하여 유색미를 이용한 굳지 않는 떡을 제조한 결과 기술이 적용되는 최적의 혼합비율은 15%였다. 실온에서 3일간 저장하며 경도의 변화를 측정한 결과 제조당일에 가까운 경도를 나타냄을 알 수 있었으며 제조 직후 1일은 약간 경도가 증가하는 경향을 보이나 이는 가래떡 제조 직후의 말랑말랑한 물성의 범위에 속하는 수치에 해당된다고 할 수 있다. 제조 직후의 식감이 유지되는 예상 메카니즘으로는 적당한 품온에서의 전분첨가가 기계적 충격과정을 통해 교차결합을 형성하여 떡 내부의 수분을 유지 하고 있는 것으로 추론된다. 본 연구를 통해 기계적 충격을 바탕으로 하는 노화지연기술 접목이 가능한 유색미의 혼합비율이 도출되었으며 이를 통해 한반도 토종 유색미가 항산화 활성을 갖는 건강지향형 소재로서 굳지 않는 떡의 제조에 활용될 수 있는 가능성이 제시되었다.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.71-77
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• 2006

연간 100억톤 이상 사용되는 선박의 밸러스트수를 통하여 병원균이나 외래해양생물종이 전 세계적으로 이동함에 따라 해양생태계 의 교란 파괴가 심각한 문제의 하나로 대두되었다. 이에 선박 밸러스트수에 포함되어 다른 생태계로 전파되는 외래 생물종 및 병원균에 의한 해양환경 및 생태계 보호를 위하여 IMO 에서는 2004년 2월 "선박의 밸러스트수와 침전물의 통제 및 관리를 위한 국제협약"을 완성, 채택하였다. 하지만, 선박이 이동하여 밸러스트수를 배출하게 되면 외래생물종이 옮겨질 뿐만 아니라 각종 오염물질도 함께 배출되어 방류해역을 오염 시킬 수 있다. 그러나 이 협약은 오염물질의 이동이나 그로 인한 피해를 최소화하기 위한 규제를 전혀 언급하지 않고, 오직 수중생물이나 병원균과 같은 외래생물종의 이동을 최소화하는 데에만 초점을 맞추고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 근거리 항해로 완전한 밸러스트수 교환이 어려우며 항만공사 및 해양자원 개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있는 동북아시아 주요항구로부터 출항하여 우리나라 항내에서 밸러스트수를 배출하는 선박의 밸러스트수 샘플을 채취하여 밸러스트수의 체계적인 관리에 필요한 기초자료로써 주요항에 출입하는 선박의 밸러스트수 오염도를 확인하였다.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.95-114
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• 2019

The digitization of traditional medical knowledge in Tanzania will greatly enhance its preservation and dissemination. This is especially important given the challenges facing the current methods of preserving and managing such knowledge. This study presents the requirements engineering approaches and requirements for a web-mobile application that would successfully digitize indigenous knowledge of phytomedicine and relevant practitioners licensing and registration processes. To establish the requirements of such a digital system application, the study sought the opinion of 224 stakeholders whose suggestions were used to analyze and model the requirements for designing such a web-mobile tool. The study was carried out in Arusha, Kagera and Dar es Salaam regions of Tanzania which involved ethnobotanical researchers, herb practitioners, curators from herbaria and registrar officers from Traditional and Alternatives Health Practice Council. Structured interview, survey, observation and document review were employed to find out the basic functional and non-functional requirements for possible designing and implementation a web-mobile application that would digitize indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants. The requirements were modelled using the use case and context diagrams. Finally, the study came up with a list of items for both functional and non-functional requirements that can be used as guidelines to develop a web-mobile application that will capture and document traditional medical knowledge of medicinal plants in Tanzania and, enabling relevant authorities to regulate and manage stakeholders.