• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.361-380
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• 2010

Some 400 Secondary One (i.e. seventh-grade) students from 10 schools were provided with non-routine mathematical problems in their normal mathematics classes as exercises for one academic year. Their attitudes toward mathematics, their conceptions of mathematics and their problem-solving performance were measured both in the beginning and at the end of the year. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the introduction of an appropriate dose of non-routine problems would generate some effects on the students' conceptions of mathematics. A medium dose of non-routine problems (as reported by the teachers) would result in a change of the students' conception of mathematics to perceiving mathematics as less of "a subject of calculables." On the other hand, a high dose would lead students to perceive mathematics as more useful and more as a discipline involving thinking. However, with a low dose of non-routine problems, students found mathematics more "friendly" (free from fear). It is therefore proposed that the use of non-routine mathematical problems to an appropriate extent can induce changes in students' "lived space" of mathematics learning and broaden their conceptions of mathematics and mathematics learning.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.265-273
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• 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the object ability, basic movement ability, and mathematical ability of young children. Next, through this study, the influence of young children's object manipulation ability and basic movement ability on mathematical ability was investigated. The subjects of this study were 80 children aged 5 years old. As a research tool, the non-mobile movement and mobile movement, the basic movement development test scale, and the young children's picture-mathematical ability test scale were used. This survey was conducted from October 2018 to January 2019. For data analysis, correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were performed using the spss program. As a result of the study, it was found that there was a significant positive correlation between the non-mobile ability, movement ability, object manipulation ability and mathematical ability of young children. It was found that young children's ability to manipulate objects and non-movement abilities had positive effect on their mathematical abilities. The movement ability of young children had both negative and positive effects on mathematical ability, but it was not found to be statistically significant. This study is meaningful in that it investigated the effects of non-mobile movement, mobile movement ability, and object manipulation ability, which are sub-capabilities of basic movement ability, which had not been investigated so far, on the mathematical ability of young children.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2022

In this paper, a nonlinear numerical method to solve the large deflection problem is introduced. And the non-dimensional load-deflection behavior of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) plates is parametrically investigated. The large deflection problem is formulated according to the von Kármán nonlinear theory and the (1,1,0)^* hierarchical model, and it is approximated by 2-D natural element method (NEM). The shear locking phenomenon is suppressed by the selectively reduced integration method. The nonlinear matrix equations are solved by combining the incremental loading scheme and the Newton-Raphson iteration method. The proposed method is validated from the benchmark experiments, where the propose method shows an excellent agreement with the reference methods. The nonlinear behavior of FG-CNTRC plates is evaluated in terms of the non-dimensional load-deflection curve, and it is parametrically investigated with respect to the existence/non-existence and gradient pattern of CNTs, the width-to-thickness and aspect ratios of plates and the type of boundary conditions. The non-dimensional central deflection is significantly reduced when CNTs and added, and it decreases with the volume fraction of CNTs. But, it shows a uniform increase in proportion to the width-to-thickness and aspect ratios. Both the gradient pattern of CNTs and the type of boundary conditions do also show the remarkable effects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.59-62
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 불균형 및 Under-sampling된 바이오 데이터에 대하여 클래스 구분력이 없는 특징의 소거를 통해 이후 이어질 FLDA 둥 다양한 방법론올 적용할 수 있는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 평균과 분산을 통해 클래스의 형태를 결정하는 기존 방법론의 문제점을 회피할 수 있는 방법을 제공하며, 클래스 구분력에 중점을 두어 특정을 선별하였을 경우 선별된 특정들의 상관 계수가 높은 문제를 극복할 수 있도록 한다. 이에 따라 알고리즘이 선택한 특정집합은 서로의 특징에 대해 상관계수가 낮으며, 클래스의 구분력이 높은 특정을 갖게 된다.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.379-387
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to explore methods to improve the quality recognition and satisfaction level of non-face-to-face lectures among students in the departments of dental technology and dental hygiene. Methods: This survey was conducted to assess the status and preference of non-face-to-face lectures and the level of awareness and satisfaction regarding the quality of these lectures among 179 students of dental technology and 295 students of dental hygiene. Statistical analyses were performed using frequency analysis, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA (post-hoc Duncan), Welch analysis (post-hoc Games-Howell), and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results: Factors that affected the ability to assess the quality of non-face-to-face lectures were the department, the method of non-face-to-face lectures, the most preferred method for conducting lectures, the level of awareness regarding the quality of face-to-face lecture, and satisfaction level. It has 71.5% explanatory power. Moreover, factors that influenced the satisfaction level of non-face-to-face lectures included the department, grade, the highest satisfied non-face-to-face teaching method, the most effective theoretical non-face-to-face teaching method, the most preferred teaching methods, and the ability to assess quality of face-to-face lectures. It has 46.8% explanatory power. Conclusion: Non-face-to-face classes should be designed and developed for web-based programs to improve the motivation and achievement level of the students and encourage interaction between the professors and students. Our findings suggest that educators should strive to achieve optimal educational effects by efficiently combining face-to-face and non-face-to-face lectures.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.207-212
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• 2016

PacBio's long-read sequencing technologies can be successfully used for a complete bacterial genome assembly using recently developed non-hybrid assemblers in the absence of second-generation, high-quality short reads. However, standardized procedures that take into account multiple pre-existing second-generation sequencing platforms are scarce. In addition to Illumina HiSeq and Ion Torrent PGM-based genome sequencing results derived from previous studies, we generated further sequencing data, including from the PacBio RS II platform, and applied various bioinformatics tools to obtain complete genome assemblies for five bacterial strains. Our approach revealed that the hierarchical genome assembly process (HGAP) non-hybrid assembler resulted in nearly complete assemblies at a moderate coverage of ~75x, but that different versions produced non-compatible results requiring post processing. The other two platforms further improved the PacBio assembly through scaffolding and a final error correction.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.3-17
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• 2003

This paper deals with the problems and their possible solutions in the development of finite element for analysis of shell. Based on these solution schemes, a series of flat shell elements are established which show no signs of membrane locking and other defects even though the coarse meshes are used. In the element formulation, non-conforming displacement modes are extensively used for improvement of element behaviors. A number of numerical tests are performed to prove the validity of the solutions to the problems involved in establishing a series of high performance flat shell elements. The test results reveal among others that the high accuracy and fast convergence characteristics of the elements are obtainable by the use of various non-conforming modes and that the ‘Direct Modification Method’ is a very useful tool for non-conforming elements to pass the patch tests. Furthermore, hierarchical and higher order non-conforming modes are proved to be very efficient not only to make an element insensitive to the mesh distortion but also to remove the membrane locking. Some numerical examples are solved to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the presented elements to practical engineering shell problems.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.243-251
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this descriptive study was to identify factors influencing quality of life among family caregivers of non-cancer patients at the end-of-life stage. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire. Participants included 172 family caregivers caring for non-cancer patients. Data were collected from April to May 2016 and analyzed with descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and a hierarchical regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN 24.0 program. Results: The mean of the participants' quality of life was 51.70±9.98. Factors influencing quality of life among family caregivers were spiritual care (𝛽=-.45, p=.021), coordination among family members or relatives (𝛽=-.27, p=.029), and psychological support (𝛽=-.04, p=.031). The explanatory power of the model was 21.0%. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that care needs; spiritual care, coordination among family members or relatives, and psychological support are important factors for family caregivers' quality of life. To improve quality of life among family caregivers who are taking care of non-cancer patients at the end-of-life stage, national systems establishing comprehensive support considering the respective care needs of patients are crucial.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.627-641
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• 2012

We consider a model estimation and model selection methods for the multi-way contingency table data with non-response or missing values. We also consider hierarchical Bayesian model in order to handle a boundary solution problem that can happen in the maximum likelihood estimation under non-ignorable non-response model and we deal with a model selection method to find the best model for the data. We utilized Bayes factors to handle model selection problem under Bayesian approach. We applied proposed method to the pre-election survey for the 2004 Korean National Assembly race. As a result, we got the non-ignorable non-response model was favored and the variable of voting intention was most suitable.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.29.1-29.1
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• 2015

We study the environmental dependence of the mass-size relation for the most massive early type galaxies (M > $10^{10.7}M_{\odot}$) in the redshift range 0.10~0.15. As a measure of the environment, galaxy number densities are measured by the $10^{th}$ nearest galaxies within 6500km/s from galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts. The sizes of galaxies are measured by non-parametric method. We find that galaxies more massive than $10^{11.1}M_{\odot}$ show the environmental dependence in the mass-size relation. The galaxies with M > $10^{11.1}M_{\odot}$ located in the densest, cluster like environment have larger sizes and extended surface brightness profiles than their counterparts located in a low dense environment. We also find that the environmental dependence of the mass-size relation is more significant for the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) than non-BCGs. Our result can be explained with a hierarchical growth of the most massive galaxies through dissipation-less merger in dense environment.