• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2007

A differential specific pattern of variation in the metabolism of protein and cholesterol was noticed in non -diapause and diapause eggs due to the significant differences in embryonic development. The rate of metabolism was different due to specific demands of such metabolites during active embryogenesis and maintenance of diapause respectively. In general, the metabolic rate was found to be accelerated in non- diapause eggs just after egg deposition, while it was very slow in diapause eggs. When the diapause eggs were treated with hydrochloric acid within 16-20 hrs, the rate of turnover was found to very similar to non- diapause eggs, though the base level of protein and cholesterol was recorded to be different.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2008

The diapause and non diapause associated proteins of multivoltine silkworm eggs were analysed by two dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis. The study was made at 0 hr, 24 hrs and 48 hrs after oviposition. A total of four protein spots in diapause eggs at 24 hrs of oviposition and two protein spots in non diapause eggs at 0 hrs of oviposition were observed. All the six protein spots were considered to have association with diapause and non diapause characters. The molecular weight (MW) and isoelectric point (PI) of these 6 protein spots were calculated. The protein spots 1 and 2 observed in 0 hr of non diapause eggs were found to have the MW of 67 and 75 KDa and PI of 8.6 and 8.4 respectively. Similarly the four protein spots observed in diapause egg at 24 hrs of oviposition exhibited MW viz., 15, 17,20 and 25 KDa and PI of 5.3, 5.8, 6.5 and 6.0 respectively. All these 6 identified protein spots were subjected to in-gel digestion and resulted tryptic peptides were analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-MS). Databases searched based on experimentally determined molecular weights of peptides for the determination of the identities of proteins. The identified proteins indicated homology of 34% to 95%. The results indicate that the proteins may playa role in development of diapause and non diapause eggs.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2013

지금까지 형질전환에 사용된 품종은 휴면각성을 위해 염산처리가 불필요한 비휴면계통인 다화성품종에서 제한적으로 이뤄지고 있으며, 휴면계통의 누에알을 대상으로 형질전환누에를 제작한다는 것은 매우 어려운 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 양잠농가에 장려품종으로 보급되고 있는 백옥잠(잠123 ${\times}$ 잠124)과 원종인 잠124의 월년란을 불월년란화 하기 위한 처리조건을 구명한 바 산란 후 40 ~ 60시간째에 온도는 $15{\sim}20^{\circ}C$, 조명은 암(0L:24D)처리로 100% 불월년화가 유도되었다. 또한 불월년란은 월년란에 비해 부화율, 상족율 및 화용비율에 있어 큰 차이가 없었다. 불월년란으로 유도된 실용품종 누에알에 누에 형질전환용 전이벡터를 미세주입한 후 부화율을 분석한 결과, 불월년란으로 유도된 월년란의 부화율은 40 ~ 70% 로, 인공부화 처리한 월년란의 10 ~ 30%, 다화성누에 HM의 30 ~ 50% 부화율에 비해 높은 부화율을 나타내었다. 본 연구를 통해 개발한 불월년란 유도 기술은 현재 양잠 농가에 보급하고 있는 실용품종을 형질전환하는데 매우 유용하게 사용될 것으로 기대된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2004

The patterns of diapause-associated proteins of silkworm eggs were analyzed by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. Among the hundreds of spots on the 2-D gels, at least two proteins were considered to be associated with diapause. A protein, spot 4, with an approximate molecular weight of 38 kDa and pI 6.1 was observed in the HCI-treated, cold-treated, and diapause eggs, respectively. Spot 4 was undetectable in unfertilized eggs and non-diapause eggs at two days after oviposition, suggesting that this protein may be associated with the entrance to diapause. A protein, spot 11, with an approximate molecular weight of 21 kDa and pI of 61 was detected in the unfertilized, HCl-treated, and cold-treated eggs, respectively, after oviposition by normal moths. In diapausing eggs, a protein corresponding to spot 11 was observed in 3-, 5-, and 30-day-old eggs, while the protein was not detected one-day-old eggs. The protein corresponding to spot 11 was not detected in unfertilized and non-diapause eggs obtained from subesophabeal ganglion (SG)-extirpated moths either. Spot 11 was also considered to be a diapause specific protein, which occurred at only early embryonic stage under the control of diapause-downregulated gene.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 1975

가잠의 휴면물질을 구명하기 위하여 비휴면성잠의 식도하신경구(SG)를 가각 적출, Grace씨 배양액을 사용하여 체외배양실험 하였다. 배양완료 후, 배양산물액에 대한 생물검정실험(Bioassay)결과, 휴면성잠의 SG 및 비휴면성잠의 SG는 화성에 각각 독립적으로 영향하는 질적으로 상이한 물질, 즉 휴면물질(Diapause Substance) 및 비휴면물질(Non-diapause Substance)을 분비하고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 잠난의 휴면성및 비휴면성의 결정은 이 양물질간의 질적인 차이에 기인하는 것으로 생각된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.149-153
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• 2002

Induction of non-diapause eggs and manifestation of quantitative characters were studied in different seasons by low temperature incubation of eggs of a low yielding diapause with coloured cocoons silkworm breed, RDI of Bombyx mori. Hundred percent of nandiapause eggs were induced when the egg incubation was carried out at 15$^{\circ}C$ followed by incubation initially at $25^{\circ}C$ and then at $15^{\circ}C$. The diapause-nondia-pause relation was found to be reversible. Analysis of variance study demonstrated significant variation in all the quantitative characters whereas significant variation due to different incubation treatments was observed for larval span, fifth instar larval span, cocoon yield/10,000 larvae by weight, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, and cocoon shell ratio. study on hybrid vigour skewed significant heterosis over mid parent value for four economic characters viz., cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio and filament length in a Fl hybrid between RD1 with diapause eggs and Japanese type bivoltine $NB_{4} D_{2}$.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 1996

It was carried out to find the carbohydrate metabolism for the glycogen utilization and the effects of low temperature(1$\circ$C, 5$\circ$C)on embryonic development of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. The content of sorbitol and glycerol in the chillihg eggs stored at 5$\circ$C or 1$\circ$C on 24 hours after oviposition showed the highest level on the 50th day. After that, the corresponding value in the eggs stored at 5$\circ$C were decreased, and the value in the eggs stored at 1$\circ$C maintained the similar level. The trehalose level was rapidly increased on 50$\sim$60th day or thereabouts, and then, it was accumulated. When the eggs stored at low temperature were tranaferred and developed the embryo at 25$\circ$C, sorbitol and glycerol were respectively changed to glycogen. Futhemore, the content of trehalose and glucose showed specific of patterns with each embryonic stage at low temperature. With the aforementioned results, the intemediary metabolism of carbohydrate was discussed with regard to embryonic development of non-diapause eggs of silkworms.

• 한국잠사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국잠사학회 2003년도 International Symposium of Silkworm/Insect Biotechnology and Annual Meeting of Korea Society of Sericultural Science
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• pp.95-96
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• 2003

We investigated the proteins that are associated with initiation, maintenance, and termination of diapause in silkworm eggs by means of 2D-gel electrophoresis. 1. Materials : Bombyx mori: unfertilized eggs, diapause eggs, non-diapause eggs, cold-treated egges. 2. Methods: isoelectric focusing, SDS-PAGE, silver staining. (omitted)

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.107-109
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• 2004

The present investigation reports a phenomenon hitherto unknown in tropical sericulture, wherein dia-pause nature of bivoltine eggs is overcome through a cross with a non-diapausing race of silkworm, Bombyx mori, L. Eggs of bivoltine silkworm Bombyx mori, L. generally do not hatch under tropical conditions. To prevent diapause, they are subjected to acid treatment or low temperature hibernation scheduled. A race developed at KSSRDI is found to prevent the diapause nature of bivoltine eggs when crossed as male parent, without any acid treatment or hibernation schedule. This phenomenon is reported for the first time, being unique, opens up interesting area of research in silkworm genetics of commercial implications in the industry.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2021

Mulberry silkworm is classified into uni, bi and multivoltine based on the frequency of diapause incidence. The variation in the incidence of diapause in bivoltine silkworm provides a unique opportunity to study the process of evolution of adaptive plasticity towards seasonal variations. The diapause expression in bivoltine silkworm is highly variable and is determined by environmental factors experienced by the maternal generation. Diapause in natural populations is functionally associated with the overwintering mechanism that facilitates survival in harsh winter conditions. In contrast, under standard commercial rearing conditions, the domesticated bivoltine silkworm is known to enter diapause in every generation. This paper presents a short review of the literature dealing with the role of temperature, photoperiod, diapause hormone and its receptor in diapause induction. Also, we briefly review the incidence of non-diapause eggs in bivoltine silkworm under controlled conditions.