• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1019-1025
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to analyze the light traits in a solar light-collector device and its effects on lettuce growth at an early growth stage. The three hyper parameters used were the reflector diameter (2 cm and 4 cm), coating inside the reflector (chrome-coated, non-coated) and distance from the light fiber (15 cm and 20 cm). The results showed that light efficiency, which is the ratio of light intensity inside the fiber to the solar intensity, improved by 41.1 % when using a 2 cm diameter chrome-coated reflector at a distance of 15 cm from the light fiber; whereas it only improved by 20.6% when a non-coated reflector was used. As the reflector size was increased to 4 cm, the light efficiency for the coated and non-coated reflectors increased by 28.5 % and 26.4 %, respectively, hence, no significant difference was observed. When the light fiber was placed at a distance of 20 cm, the increase in light efficiency with coating treatment was 8 % higher than without coating treatment. We also compared the efficiency of light-fiber treatment with that of LED treatment in our lettuce nursery, and observed that the plants exhibited better growth with light-fiber treatment. We observed an average increase of 1.7 cm in leaf height, $7cm^2/plant$ increase in leaf area, and 32 mm increase in root length upon light-fiber treatment as opposed to those observed with LED treatment. These findings indicate that the collector light-fiber is economically feasible and it improves lettuce growth compared with the LED treatment.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.37-43
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• 2013

This study was focused on applying a new paper coating binder, vinyl acetate-ethylene(VAE) emulsion, with SB-latex and acrylic emulsion for paper coating application. VAE emulsion has a low monomer cost and is non-toxic chemical than conventional adhesive for paper coating such as styrene-butadiene latex( SB-latex) and acrylic emulsion. We conducted double coating in order to test VAE emulsion, which was applied on top surface only. The results showed that optical properties of the coated paper with VAE were similar with the SB-latex binders. In case of bonding strength, dry-pick of the coated paper with VAE showed almost same with other binders while wet-pick of the coated paper with VAE had a little bit lower strength than that with SB-latex.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.211-215
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to develop a stable enteric coated diclofenac sodium (DFS) tablets using Aqua-Polish E without using a subcoat. DFS uncoated tablets were manufactured through the non direct compression process. AquaPolish E white aqueous coating dispersion was used as enteric coating material. This film forming polymer is a mixture of selected polymethacrylic/ethylacrylate copolymers. The stability of the obtained enteric coated tablets was evaluated according to ICH guidelines. No signs of disintegration or cracking was observed when they placed in 0.1N HCl solution (pH1.2), but they were completely disintegrated within 10 minutes when they placed in buffered solution at pH6.8. Dissolution test was also conducted by placing tablets in 0.1 N HCl for 2 hours and then 1 hour in phosphate buffer at pH 6.8. Less than 0.9 % of drug was released in the acidic phase and up to 97% in the basic medium. These findings suggest that aqueous enteric coating with AquaPolish E system is an easy and economical approach for preparing stable DFS enteric coat without the use of a subcoating layer.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2007

The influences of coating on oak veneer overlaid Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) were evaluated. The hardness of 9mm-MDF by hardness test were increased about 28% with coating on MDF and the more increased hardness of 31% with oak veneer overlaid MDF. The hardness of veneer overlaid MDF increased with increment of the veneer thickness and that of overlaid MDF showed the higher hardness compared to non-overlaid MDF. The optimum moisture content in terms of the hardness of panels MDF was in the range of 7% to 10% and the hardness was decreased with increasing of the moisture content. Any cracks were not overlaid coated on the MDF but the cracks were observed on the overlaid MDF after Soak under Vacuum Dry 10-cycle. The thicker veneer-overlaid MDF showed more cracks.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.163-168
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• 2008

The dental orthodontic bracket requires good mechanical properties, such as elastic strength and frictional resistance, combined with a high resistance to corrosion. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of TiN and ZrN coating on corrosion resistance of orthodontic brackets using various electrochemical methods. Brackets manufactured by Ormco Co. were used, respectively, for experiment. Ion plating was carried out for coatings of bracket using Ti and Zr coating materials with nitrogen gas. Ion plated surface of each specimen was observed with field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), energy dispersive Xray spectroscopy(EDS) and electrochemical tester. The corrosion potential of the TiN and ZrN coated bracket was comparatively high. The current density of TiN and ZrN coated bracket was smaller than that of non-coated bracket in 0.9% NaCl solution. Pit nucleated at angle of bracket slot.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.47-50
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• 2000

A new technique has been developed for the preparation of Lactobacillus microcapsules to enhance the stability against high temperature, humidity, gastric acid and bile acid. Employing fluidized bed coating, primary sub-coating was processed in non-organic solvent system, so that Lactobacillus did not directly contact with organic solvent. Secondary enteric-coating was processed in organic solvent with low temperature $(below\;33^{\circ}C)$ technique, which minimized the heat labilability of Lactobacillus. Survival rate of Lactobacillus within microcapsule was not less than 95% and acid tolerance was above 30% in the artificial gastric acid. Further more it was dissolved in the artificial intestine juice within 2-3 hr. Average size of Lactobacillus microcapsules was $450\;{\mu}m$(25-50 mesh) and its viability was above 90% in the direct tableting.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.138-143
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• 1998

The stowage effects of Satsuma mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc. var. miyagawa) were investigated by selecting various pretreatmnents; non-tested, wax-coating, paper packaging, 0.02mm cryovac film packaging. Weight loss of film packaging was the lowest among that of others, but decay radio was increased highly at late stages of storage. Soluble solids, moisture content of peel and total sugar were maintained almost constant, but acid content, vitamin C and firmness were reduced gradually during storage at room temperature. For 100 days storage, losses from weight and decay of ton-treated, paper packaging, wax-coating and film packaging were 15.9%, 18.5%, 17.4% and 12.9%, respectively. Acid content was decreased loom 1.28% to 0.81∼0.91% after 100 days storage. Ethylene evolution was increased in a degree after 65 days storage, and the amount was increased repidly afer 115 days. it seemed to be derived from decayed fruits and physiological activities. CO2 content of inner part of fruits was increased between 40∼100 days after storage. Optimum storage period of early variety of Satuma mandarin was regarded for 100days on the basis of appeareance and taste.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.3535-3542
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• 2023

Eutectic reactions of five kinds of Cr-coated Zr alloy cladding with different base materials (Zr-Nb-Sn alloy or Zr-Nb alloy), different coating thicknesses (6~22.5 mm), and different coating materials (Cr single layer or Cr/CrN bilayer) were studied using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The DSC experiments demonstrated that the onset temperatures of the Cr single layer coated specimens were almost identical to ~1308 ℃, regardless of base materials or coating thicknesses. This study demonstrated that the Cr/CrN bilayer coated Zr-Nb-Sn alloy has a slightly (~10 ℃) higher eutectic onset temperature compared to the single Cr-coated specimen. The eutectic region characterized by post-eutectic microstructure proportionally increases with coating thickness. The post-eutectic characterization with different holding times at high temperature (1310-1330 ℃) reveals that progression of Zr-Cr eutectic requires time, and it dramatically changed with exposure time and temperature. The practical value of the time gain in non-instantaneous eutectic formation in terms of safety margin, however, seems to be limited.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.99-107
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• 2003

Normally coating is used a method for protecting reinforced concrete. For this purpose, organic as well as inorganic coatings are used. The advantages of inorganic coatings are lower absorption of UV, non-burning etc. On the other hand, organic coatings have the advantage of low permeability of $CO_2$, $SO_2$ and water. Organic coatings provide better protection for reinforced concrete. However, in organic coatings such as epoxy, urethane and acryl, long-term adhesive strength is reduced and the formed membrane of those is blistered by various causes. Also when organic coatings are applied to the wet surface of concrete, they have a problem with adhesion. So, we developed coating material, WGS-Eco which was hybridized with polymer and cement based material to protect concrete structures and solve problems of organic coatings. This study was conducted an comparative evaluation on physical and durable performance of developed coating material and previously used coating materials. As a result, the performance of developed coating material was not inferior to organic coating materials. So, the developed coating material was considered as a suitable coating material which had advantages of inorganic and organic coatings for protecting concrete.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.23-28
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• 2019

The structural integrity of a surface metal coating was evaluated through numerical results to improve the efficiency and reduce the damage caused by cavitation in ships and marine plants. The goal was to ensure structural strength and performance, even if the thickness of the wing is reduced to reduce the weight of the material and surface coating. Analytical methods were used for four models: a non-coating model, one with the same thickness after coating, one with a thickness reduction of 3% after coating, and one with thickness reduction of 5% after coating. With a thickness reduction of 5% after coating, the stress was increased to 12%, and the safety factor was 0.99%, so the structural integrity was insufficient. However, a better material or a thicker coating could allow a sufficient safety factor to be secured. The structural integrity was improved by the coating, and even when the weight was reduced up to 5%, the structural integrity could be sufficiently secured due to the coating effect.