• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2001

To study effect of non-fat components present in plant seeds on lipid metabolism, defatted safflower and perilla seed powders were used in high cholesterol diets for ovariectomized (ovx) female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 227$\pm$15g. Experimental groups were six as follows; normal group without ovariectomy and cholesterol-free diet, sham and ovx-control groups with high cholesterol and cellulose for dietary fiber, ovx-est group with the same diet as ovx-control but with eight subcutaneous injections of 50$\mu\textrm{g}$ 17$\beta$-estradiol. ovx-safflower and ovx-perilla with 29% and 16% (w/w) of each defatted powder in high cholesterol diets at the expense of cellulose. Weight gains were lower in normal and sham groups and food efficiencies were lower in normal,ovx-est and ovx-safflower groups compared with ovx-control. Uterus weights were dramatically reduced by ovariectomy but restored completely by 17$\beta$-estradiol and partially (~5%) by defatted safflower. Plasma levels of total cholesterol were not different among ovx-control, sham, vx-est and ovx-safflower groups (90.8~95.1 mg/dL) but that was lower in ovx-perilla (80.4$\pm$6.2 mg/dL). Plasma triglyceride (TG) levels were lower in sham (76.6$\pm$7.0 mg/dL) and ovx-perilla (79.2$\pm$5.8 mg/dL) groups. Liver cholesterol levels were lower in sham, ovx-est, ovx-safflower and ovx-perilla groups (26.6~29.8 mg/g) than ovx-control (36.5$\pm$3.2 mg/g). But liver TG levels were reduced only sham and ovx-est groups compared to control group. Fecal excretions of bile acid and cholesterol were highest in ovx-safflower group (30.8$\pm$5. and 32.1$\pm$5.7 mg/g) compared with other ovx groups (20.8~23.1 and 12.1~19.5 mg/g). These results suggest that both perilla and safflower seeds contain groups (20.8~23.1 and 12.1~19.5mg/g). These results suggest that both perilla and safflower seeds contain non-fat and non-fiber components having lipid lowering effects.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2002

방사선 조사된 대두의 검지방법을 연구하기 위하여 국산 및 중국산 대두에 대하여 $0.5{\sim}4.0\;kGy$의 감마선을 조사하고 열발광(TL), 전자스핀공명(ESR) 및 DNA comet 특성을 비교 검토하였다. TL 측정에서 비조사구는 $280^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 매우 낮은 glow curve를 나타내었고, 감마선 조사구는 $200^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 조사선량에 의존적인 glow curve를 나타내었다. 재조사(re-irradiation) 방법에 의한 TL ratio$(TL_1/TL_2)$의 비교는 TL 측정 결과의 정확도를 높여 주었다. 원산지별 TL 특성 비교에서 국산을 중국산에 비해 높은 TL intensity를 나타내었다(p<0.01). 대두 껍질을 사용한 ESR 측정에서는 조사시료에서 cellulose radical 유래의 특이한 signal(g = 2.02374, 1.98715)을 보여주었고 중국산 시료의 ESR signal이 더 높게 나타났다. 비조사 대두의 DNA comet은 tail이 없거나 아주 짧은 tail을 가진 전형적인 intact cell을 나타내었다. 그러나 0.5 kGy 이상의 감마선 조사 시료에서는 조사선량에 의존적으로 comet의 tail length 증가와 더불어 comet의 크기 및 농도의 변화가 일어났다. 이상의 결과에서 TL, ESR 및 DNA comet의 분석은 대두의 방사선 조사 여부 확인을 가능하게 하였으며, 원산지별 검지특성의 차이는 거의 없었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.256-261
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• 2014

현재 사용되고 있는 물리적 확인시험법인 광자극발광법(PSL), 열발광분석법(TL), 전자스핀공명법(ESR)을 이용하여 4종의 시료에 대해 감마선과 전자선에 의한 확인시험법의 판별 특성을 확인하였다. PSL 측정 결과 고춧가루, 바질, 파슬리 시료는 선원 및 선량에 관계없이 조사된 시료는 photon count 값(PCs)이 5,000 이상인 7,004-70,519의 PCs로 측정되어 조사여부의 판정이 가능하였다. 하지만 조사된 후춧가루에서는 선원에 관계없이 threshold value가 5,000 이하인 442-1,572 PCs로 중간값 및 음성값을 나타냄에 따라 조사여부 확인이 어려웠다. TL 측정 결과에서는 고춧가루, 바질, 파슬리, 후춧가루 4종 모두 선원 및 선량에 관계없이 조사된 시료는 $150-250^{\circ}C$ 사이에서 최대 glow curve peak가 나타났다. 또한 TL ratio값이 0.1 이상인 0.101-0.889을 나타내어 조사여부 판정이 가능하였다. ESR 측정 결과에서는 고춧가루만이 cellulose 유래의 signal을 보이면서 방사선 조사여부를 판정할 수 있었다. 다른 3종 시료에서는 single line signal을 나타내어 ESR 판정이 어렵다는 것이 확인되었다. 따라서 전자선조사 향신료에서도 현행 물리적 판별방법으로 조사 여부 확인이 가능하였으며, false 값에 대한 이유를 밝히는 연구가 추가적으로 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.63-80
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• 1974

한국산유자(韓國産柚子)의 화학적성분(化學的成分)을 일반성분(一般成分)과 특수성분(特殊成分)으로 구분(區分)하여 일반성분(一般成分)이 관(關)하여는 시기별변화(時期別變化)를 특수성분(特殊成分)은 성숙기유자(成熟期柚子)에 관(關)하여 amino acid vitamin C, 유리당(遊離糖), 유기산(有機酸), 향성분(香成分)등을 분석(分析)하여 시기별성분(時期別成分) 변화(變化)가 식물생리(植物生理)에 미치는 영향(影響)과 식품(食品)의 효과적(效果的) 이용(利用)에 관(關)한 검토결과(檢討結果)는 다음과 같이 요약(要約)된다. 1. 과피(果皮)와 과육(果肉)의 시기별분석결과(時期別分析結果)는 과피율(果皮率)과 과육율(果肉率)를 비교(比較)할때 전자(前者)가 더 크며 지역적(地域的)으로 볼때는 과피율(果皮率)은 도서부(島嶼部)가 내륙지(內陸地)보다 더 크다. 2. 일반성분(一般成分)에 있어서 과피(果皮)에서는 3기(期)까지 수분함량(水分含豊)의 증가(增加)를 보이고 기후(其後) 일정상태(一定狀態)를 유지(維持)하며 조지방(粗脂肪), 섬유질(纖維質), 회분(灰分), 총산(總酸), 가용성무질소물(可溶性無蜜素物)등은 3기(基)까지 감소(減少)하며 환원당(還元糖)은 급증(急增)하고 섬유질(纖維質)과 총산(總酸)은 계속감소(繼續減少)를 보인다. 과육(果肉)에서는 3기(期)까지 수분(水分), 환원당(還元糖)이 증가(增加)하고 조지방(粗脂肪), 섬유질(纖維質), 회분(灰分), 조단백질(粗蛋白質), 가용성무질소물(可溶性無窒素物)등은 3기(期)까지 감소(減少)한다. 3 Vitamin C의 함량(含量)은 과육(果肉) 보다 과피(果皮)에 많고 일본산유자(日本産柚子) 보다 한국산유자(韓國産柚子)에 더 많었다. 4. 유리당(遊離糖)은 xylose, fructose, glucose, sucrose등 4종(種)이 분리검출(分離檢出)되었고 과육(果肉)보다 과피(果皮)에 더 많이함유(含有)되어 있었다. 5. 휘발성유기산(揮發性有機酸)의 함량(含量)은 과육(果肉)보다 과피(果皮)에 더 많고 과피(果皮)에 acetic acid, formic acid, n-valet acid등 3종(種)과 과육(果肉)에 formic acid, acetic acid, propionicacid 등 3종(種)이 분리(分離)되었다. 6. 비휘발성유기산(非揮發性有機酸)의 함량(含量)은 과피(果皮)보다 과육(果肉)에 더 많고 과피(果皮)에 citric acid, glutaric acid, malic acid tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid와 unknown 1종(種)등 8종(種)이 분리검출(分離檢出)되었고 과육(果肉)에서는 citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, glutaric acid, malonic acid등 6종(種)이 분리확인(分離確認)되있다. 7. 향성분(香成分)의 정유중성부(精油中性部)에서 D-limonene, ${\alpha}-pinone$, p-cymene의 3종(種)과 unknown 7종(種)등 10종(種)이 분리검색(分離檢索)되었고 함량(含量)으로 보아 D-limonene이 유자(柚子)의 주향성분(主香成分)인 것으로 생각된다. 8. 식품(食品)의 효율적이용(效率約利用)은 과피(果皮)와 과육(果肉)을 공(共)히 쓸수 있고 미숙과(未熟果)는 citric acid제조용(製造用), 성숙과(成熟果)는 과중제조원료(果汁製造原料)로 쓸수 있다는 것이 상기(上記) 연구결과(硏究結果)에의(依)하여 확인(確認)되었다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2004

Fiber dimensions, their derived values and chemical properties of cotton stalks (Gosypium hirsutum L), jute stick (Corchorus capsularis) and dhancha (Sesbania aculeate) have been examined to assess their suitability for paper production. Cotton stalks have a good derived values especially slender ratio, which is comparable to hardwood. The flexibility coefficient of these three non wood plants is better than hardwood. Anatomical analysis shows higher percentage of fibers and vessels than in general non wood plants. Lignin, $\alpha$-cellulose and pentosan contents in these three nonwood plants are within the range of hardwood. Neutral sugar analysis of cotton stalks, jute stick and dhancha shows that the glucose in the major sugar followed by xylose and mannose. The arabinose and galactose are present in minor amount. Alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation of cotton stalks, jute stick and dhancha wood meal exhibits that these nonwood plant lignins mainly consist of syringyl (S) and guaiacyl (V) units. The S/V ratios are 1.6, 1.2 and 2.1 for cotton stalks, jute stick and dhancha, respectively.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.374-378
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• 2009

Three physical methods, photostimulated luminescence (PSL), thermoluminescence (TL), and electron spin resonance (ESR), have been applied to detect the irradiation treatment for the non- and steamed sesame seed samples. PSL successfully screened the irradiated samples from the non-irradiated control by comparing their photon counts (PCs) with the lower (less than 700 count/60 sec) and upper threshold values (higher than 5,000 count/60 sec). TL signals were still detected in all irradiated samples even after steaming, which was reconfirmed with TL ratios [integrated area of $TL_1$ (the first glow)/$TL_2$ (the second glow)] through re-irradiation step. ESR spectrometry showed that radiation-induced cellulose radicals were detected in all the irradiated samples irrespective of steaming treatment. Identification of the irradiated sesame seeds was possible even after steaming by analyzing PSL, TL, and ESR.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.188-199
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• 2015

Nineteen tanniferous browse plants were collected from South Africa to investigate their digestibility, gas production (GP) characteristics and methane production. Fresh samples were collected, dried in forced oven, and ground and analyzed for nutrient composition. In vitro GP and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were determined using rumen fluid collected, strained and anaerobically prepared. A semi-automated system was used to measure GP by incubating the sample in a shaking incubator at $39^{\circ}C$. There was significant (p<0.05) variation in chemical composition of studied browses. Crude protein (CP) content of the species ranged from 86.9 to 305.0 g/kg dry matter (DM). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ranged from 292.8 to 517.5 g/kg DM while acid detergent fiber (ADF) ranged from 273.3 to 495.1 g/kg DM. The ash, ether extract, non-fibrous carbohydrate, neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen, and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen and CP were negatively correlated with methane production. Methane production was positively correlated with NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemi-cellulose. Tannin decreased GP, IVOMD, total volatile fatty acid and methane production. The observed low methanogenic potential and substantial ammonia generation of some of the browses might be potentially useful as rumen manipulating agents. However, a systematic evaluation is needed to determine optimum levels of supplementation in a mixed diet in order to attain a maximal depressing effect on enteric $CH_4$ production with a minimal detrimental effect on rumen fermentation of poor quality roughage based diet.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.357-363
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• 2011

In relieving local pains, ropivacaine has been widely used. In case of their application such as ointments and creams, it is difficult to expect their effects for a significant period of time, because they are easily removed by wetting, movement and contacting. Therefore, the new formulations that have suitable bioadhesion were needed to enhance local anesthetic effects. The effect of drug concentration and temperature on drug release was studied from the prepared 1.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (150MC) gels using synthetic cellulose membrane at $37{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$. As the drug concentration and temperature increased, the drug release increased. A linear relationship was observed between the logarithm of the permeability coefficient and the reciprocal temperature. The activation energy of drug permeation was 3.16 kcal/mol for a 1.5% loading dose. To increase the skin permeation of ropivacaine from CMC gel, enhancers such as saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, pyrrolidones, propylene glycol derivatives, glycerides, and non-ionic surfactants were incorporated into the ropivacaine-CMC gels. Among the enhancers used, polyoxyethylene 2-oleyl ether showed the highest enhancing effects. For the efficacy study, the anesthetic action of the formulated ropivacaine gel containing an enhancer and vasoconstrictor was evaluated with the tail-flick analgesimeter. According to the rat tail-flick test, 1.5% drug gels containing polyoxyethylene 2-oleyl ether and tetrahydrozoline showed the best prolonged local analgesic effects. In conclusion, the enhanced local anesthetic gels containing penetration enhancer and vasoconstrictor could be developed using the bioadhesive polymer.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1030-1038
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dyeability of crabyon fiber contained cotton towels after dyeing with gallut. In this study, the colorants of gallnut were extracted with boiling water at 60℃ and 60min. Crabyon, composite fiber of Chitin/Chitosan and cellulose, is manufactured by uniformly blending Chitin/Chitosan and cellulose viscose and extruding the blended viscose into spin-bath. Cotton towels with crabyon fiber dyed with extracted solution from gallnut according to concentration, temperature and time. Crabyon fiber contained cotton towels dyed using gallnut were pre of post-mordanted using Al, Cu, and Fe. The dyeability(K/S) and color characteristics(L^*, a^*, b^*, C, and h(color angle)) of dyed crabyon fiber contained cotton towels were measured by computer color matching machine and photographs. The crabyon fiber composition of cotton towels was conformed by amide peak(-CONH-) of chitin or chitosan of FT-IR spectroscopy. The results obtained were as follows; The amide peak of crabyon fiber contained cotton towels appeared at about 1652 cm⁻¹. The dyeability of crabyon fiber contained cotton towel was increased gradually with increasing concentration of gallnut dyeing solution and saturated at about 150%(o.w.f). The optimum dyeing temperature and dyeing time were 90~100℃ and 80minutes expectively. The crabyon fiber contained cotton towels were dyed reddish yellow by non, Al, and Cu mordanting, reddish blue by Fe mordanting, respectively. The fastness to washing according to concentration of gallnut in and mordanting method indicated good grade result as more than 3~4 degree in all conditions.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.684-693
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• 2017

We investigated methods for extracting histidine-containing low-molecular-weight (LMW) peptides such as anserine, carnosine and histidine from the edible meat of tuna byproducts. Extracts were treated by several methods including heat treatment ($80^{\circ}C$, 10 min), DOWEX ion exchange (IEC), ultrafiltration (UF), and carboxymethyl (CM)-cellulose column chromatography (IEC+CMC); then the levels of protein, total iron, histidine, carnosine, and anserine were measured. Extracts treated with IEC+CMC using CM-cellulose were analyzed for total iron, protein, histidine, and anserine content, which were $6.27{\pm}0.26mg/mL$, $5.20{\pm}0.21{\mu}g/mL$, 0.80 mg/mL, 0.208 mg/mL, and 4.40 mg/mL, respectively, in yellowfin tuna; and $9.05{\pm}0.82mg/mL$, $4.06{\pm}0.20{\mu}g/mL$, 1.62 mg/mL, 0.012 mg/mL, and 7.28 mg/mL in bigeye tuna. By comparison in IEC-UF treated extracts, protein, total iron, and histidine content decreased by 43%, 73%, and 27% in yellowfin and 0.4%, 54%, and 23% in bigeye tuna, wheres carnosine and anserine content increased by 22% and 17%, respectively. Freeze-dried (FD) extracts exhibited similar trends as non-dried extracts, i.e., dipeptide content increased with purification steps, whereas pro-oxidant (total iron and protein) content decreased. IEC+CMC treated FD extracts had the highest anserine, content, and the greatest reductuion in pro-oxidants.