• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.247-249
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• 2002

The transfer behaviors of three Polyarmatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil to non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) were investigated. The three different PAHs were phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene. The used NAPLs were silicone oil and paraffine oil. The percentage of the remained PAHs into soil were similar without the relation to kinds of NAPLs. And the transfer of PAHs into NAPLs was fastened until 1 day as the increase of mixing rate but in the case of 450 rpm, the remained PAHs into soil was increased after 1 day because NAPLs was emulsified.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2004

Rates of chemical absorption of $CO_2$ in water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion were measured in a flat-stirred vessel at $25^{\circ}C$. The w/o emulsion was composed of aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) droplets as a dispersed phase and non-Newtonian viscoelastic benzene solutions of polybutene (PB) and polyisobutylene (PIB) as a continuous phase. The liquid-side-mass transfer coefficient ($k_L$) was obtained from the dimensionless empirical equation containing Deborah number expressed as the properties of pseudoplasticity of the non-Newtonian liquid. $k_L$ was used to estimate the enhancement factor due to chemical reaction between $CO_2$ and MEA in the aqueous phase. PIB with elastic property of non-Newtonian liquid made the rate of chemical absorption of $CO_2$ accelerate compared with Newtonian liquid.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.499-509
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• 1998

In the absorption process of water vapor in a liquid film, the composition of the gas phase, in which a non-absorbable gas is combined with the absorbate influences the transport characteristics remarkably. In the present study, the absorption processes of water vapor into aqueous solution of lithium bromide in the presence of non-absorbable gases were investigated analytically. The continuity, momentum, energy and diffusion equations for the solution film and gas phase were formulated in integral forms and solved numerically. It was found that the mass transfer resistance in gas phase increased with the concentration of non-absorbable gas. However the primary resistance to mass transfer was in the liquid phase. As the concentration of non-absorbable gas in the absorbate increased, the liquid-vapor interfacial temperature and concentration of absorbate in solution decreased, which resulted in the reduction of absorption rate. The reduction of mass transfer rate was found to be significant for the addition of a small amount of non-absorbable gas to the pure vapor, especially at the outlet of an absorber where non-absorbable gases accumulated. At higher non-absorbable gas concentration, the decrease of absorption flux was almost linear to the volumetric concentration of non-absorbable gas.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.96-104
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• 1998

It was possible to produce W/O/W one step multiple emulsion on the system which satisfied following conditions. 1. 1-5％ of hydrophilic liquid surfactant over HLB20 and lipophilic liquid surfactant which has HLB 3∼5 2. Non wax copolymers as oil thickener 3. More than 0.5％ of carbomer as aqueous thickener 4. The manufacturing process which neutralize the dispersed carbomer (2.0％ in water), after emulsifying. For the selective addition into inner and outer aqueous phase, we melted the glucose in water before emulsifying. Using an Anthrone analysis method, we analyzed the encapsulation yield of glucose in inner water phase. It was possible to raise the water encapsulation yield of the multiple emulsion through the following conditions. 1. Using of anionic hydrophilic surfactant(HLB 40) and lipophilic surfactant (HLB 3∼5) 2. Controlling the ratio of hydrophilic surfactant and lipophilic surfactant 3. Strengthening interface with increase of non wax oil thickener. When the separated adding process of glucose was adopted, approximately 85％ of glucose was added selectively within inner aqueous phase.

• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.206-222
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• 2019

Recently, various multiphase flows have been developed, and among them some models have been commercialized. However, most of them have been developed based on a pressure-based approach; therefore, various numerical difficulties were involved inherently. Accordingly, in order to overcome these numerical difficulties, a multiphase flow model, MultiPhaSe flow (MPS), following a fractional-flow based approach was developed. In this study, by combining a contaminant transport module describing an enhanced dissolution effect of a surfactant with MPS, a MultiPhaSe flow and TranSport (MPSTS) model was developed. The developed model was verified using the analytical solution of Clement. The MPSTS model can simulate the process of surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation including interphase mass transfer and contaminant transport in multiphase flow by using the coupled particle tracking method and Lagrangian-Eulerian method. In this study, a surfactant was used in a non aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contaminated area, and the effect of hydro-geological heterogeneity in the layered media on remediation efficiency was studied using the developed model. According to the numerical simulation, when hydraulic conductivity in a lower layer is 10 times, 20 times, and 50 times larger than that in an upper layer, the concentration of dissolved diesel in the lower layer is much higher than that in the upper layer because the surfactant moves faster along the lower layer owing to preferential flow; thus, the surfactant enhances dissolution of residual non aqueous phase liquid in the lower layer.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.1-3
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• 1991

A novel membrane separation process for the separation of liquid mixture is Pervaporation. The term, 'pervaporation', is a combination of permeation and evaporation, and was first introduced by kober[1] in 1917. In this technique, the liquid mixture in feed is in contact with one side of a dense non-porous membrane and after diffusing through the membrane is removed from the downstream side in the vapor phase, but is usually condensed afterwards to obtain a permeate in liquid from.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.275-288
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• 2004

Carbon dioxide was absorbed into water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion composed of aqueous 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) droplets as a dispersed phase and benzene solutions of polybutene and polyisobutylene as a continuous phase in a flat-stirred vessel to investigate the effect of non-Newtonian rheological behavior on the rate of chemical absorption of $CO_2$, where the reaction between $CO_2$ and AMP in the aqueous phase was assumed to be a pseudo-first-order reaction. It was expressed that PIB with elastic property made the rate of chemical absorption of $CO_2$ accelerated by comparison of mass transfer coefficient of $CO_2$ in the non-Newtonian liquid with that in the Newtonian liquid.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.6
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• pp.56-66
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• 1998

The absorption process of water vapor in a liquid film is an important process in LiBr-Water absorption system. The composition of the gas phase, in which a non-absorbable gas is combined with the absorbate, influences the transport characteristics. In the present work, the absorption processes of water vapor into aqueous solutions of lithium bromide in the presence of non-absorbable gas are investigated. The continuity, momentum, energy and diffusion equations for the solution film and gas are formulated in integral forms and solved numerically. It is found that the mass transfer resistance in gas phase increases with the concentration of non-absorbable gas. However the primary resistance to mass transfer is in the liquid phase. As the concentration of non-absorbable gas in the absorbate increases, the interfacial temperature and concentration of absorbate in solution decrease, which results in the reduction of absorption rate. The reduction of mass transfer rate is found to be significant for the addition of a small amount of non-absorbable gas to the pure vapor, especially at the outlet of tube where the non-absorbable gas accumulates. At higher non-absorbable gas concentration, the decrease of absorption rate seems to be linear to the concentration of non-absorbable gas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.135-137
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• 2005

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.3444-3450
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• 2013

Three phase hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME), which is faster, simpler and uses a more environmentally friendly sample-preparation technique, was developed for the analysis of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in human urine. For the effective simultaneous extraction/concentration of NSAIDs by three phase HF-LPME, parameters (such as extraction organic solvent, pH of donor/acceptor phase, stirring speed, salting-out effect, sample temperature, and extraction time) which influence the extraction efficiency were optimized. NSAIDs were extracted and concentrated from 4 mL of aqueous solution at pH 3 (donor phase) into dihexyl ether immobilized in the wall pores of a porous hollow fiber, and then extracted into the acceptor phase at pH 13 located in the lumen of the hollow fiber. After the extraction, 5 ${\mu}L$ of the acceptor phase was directly injected into the HPLC/UV system. Simultaneous chromatographic separation of seven NSAIDs was achieved on an Eclipse XDB-C18 (4.6 mm i.d. ${\times}$ 150 mm length, 5 ${\mu}m$ particle size) column using isocratic elution with 0.1% formic acid and methanol (30:70) at a HPLC-UV/Vis system. Under optimized conditions (extraction solvent, dihexyl ether; $pH_{donor}$, 3; $pH_{acceptor}$, 13; stirring speed, 1500 rpm; NaCl salt, 10%; sample temperature, $60^{\circ}C$; and extraction time, 45 min), enrichment factors (EF) were between 59 and 260. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) in the spiked urine matrix were in the concentration range of 5-15 ng/mL and 15-45 ng/mL, respectively. The relative recovery and precision obtained were between 58 and 136% and below 15.7% RSD, respectively. The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0.015-0.96 ng/mL with the square of the correlation coefficient being more than 0.997. The established method can be used to analyse of NSAIDs of low concentration (ng/mL) in urine.