• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2007년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.293-294
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is prove the effectiveness of an energy subtraction image for the detection of pulmonary nodules and the effectiveness of multi-resolutional filter on an energy subtraction image to detect pulmonary nodules. Also we study influential factors to the accuracy of detection of pulmonary nodules from viewpoints of types of images, types of digital filters and types of evaluation methods. As one type of images, we select an energy subtraction image, which removes bones such as ribs from the conventional X-ray image by utilizing the difference of X-ray absorption ratios at different energy between bones and soft tissue. Here we select two evaluation methods and make clear the effectiveness of multi-resolutional filter on an energy subtraction image.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.290-296
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• 1987

Some streptomycin resistant strains of Rhizobium trifolii having nodulation ability were selected, and their nitrogenase activities, symbiotic effects on plant growth, and nodule electronmicroscope were compared with those of the wild type. After NTG treatment, as a mutagen, at the concentration exhibiting 99.7% lethal rate, 5 strains of streptomycin resistant mutant having nodulating ability were selected. Among these nodulating mutant strains, 3 strains produced more nodules and 2 strains showed less nodules than wild type. But their nitrogenase activities were decreased significantly, and nodule formation time was also delay compared with those of the wild type, and there was no remarkable difference in effects on plant growth. Microstructure of nodules by electronmicroscopy had mant distinctive differences between red clover nodules inoculated with wild type and mutants.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1569-1578
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• 2021

The Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K-TIRADS) is an ultrasound-based risk stratification system for thyroid nodules that has been widely applied for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules since 2016. This review article provides an overview of the use of the K-TIRADS compared with other risk stratification systems. Moreover, this review describes the challenges in the clinical application of the K-TIRADS, as well as future development directions toward the personalized management of patients with thyroid nodules.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2009

Vocal polyps are benign phonotraumatic lesions which are traditionally treated using phonomicrosurgical techniques. In the case of hyperfunctional voice use, voice therapy is effective and results in voice improvement. However, the utility of voice therapy about vocal polyp is in great demand. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of voice therapy in patients with vocal polyps. The authors reviewed the medical records of 193 patients with vocal nodules or vocal polyps, and 64 patients (31 nodules and 33 polyps) were enrolled. All of the subjects had received explanation of problems, vocal hygiene education, and been treated by the $SKMVTT^{(R)}$ (Seong-Tae Kim's multiple voice therapy technique) ranging from 4 to 16 sessions (mean: 8.6 sessions). All subjects were examined by perceptual assessment, acoustic and aerodynamic measures, and VRP (voice range profile). In perceptual assessment, patients with vocal nodules had more breathy and strained voices than the vocal polyp group. Both groups significantly reduced rough, breathy voice after voice therapy. Patients with vocal polyps had worse voice quality than patients with nodules in acoustic measures. Both groups showed reduced jitter and shimmer after voice therapy. In aerodynamic measures, MPT and Psub were increased, and MFR was reduced (p<.05). Participants' frequency range and intensity range were increased after voice therapy, but only frequency range resulted in a significant difference (p<.05). In conclusion, the therapeutic effect of voice therapy in patients with vocal nodules and polyps was demonstrated perceptually and acoustically. We can suggest that voice therapy, including advice, vocal hygiene, and $SKMVTT^{(R)}$ is a useful as an initial choice of treatment for patients with vocal polyps before considering a surgical approach.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2008

항결핵제 치료 도중 병변이 악화되거나 새로 생기는 경우 일시적인 역설적 반응과 치료 실패를 감별하는 것이 중요하다. 역설적인 반응은 폐외 결핵, 특히 림프절과 중추신경계 결핵에서 잘 나타나는데 기존의 약제를 그대로 사용하더라도 일반적으로 잘 치유가 된다. 저자들은 속립성 폐결절이 항결핵제 투여 후 호전되고 있었으나 두개강내 결절은 오히려 악화된 소견을 보였지만 치료 약제를 변경하지 않았음에도 결국 치유된 역설적 반응을 경험하였기에 이를 보고하는 바이다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.373-381
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• 2014

Korea contract Mn-nodule field in the NE equatorial Pacific is composed of seven sectors with average water depths of 4,513-5,025 m. Of the various factors controlling the properties of Mn-nodule, it seems that water depth is likely connected to the chemical composition and occurrence of nodules. To test whether such an assumption held in each sector, we reviewed previous research data accumulated since 1994 for one of the northern sectors (hereafter KR1) where there are stark contrasts in water depth. High-resolution seabed mapping clearly separates a northern part (KR1N) from a deeper southern part (KR1S), cutting across in the middle of the KR1. In addition, significant volcanic activities forming numerous seamounts are distinctive especially in KR1N. In terms of nodule occurrence, manganese nodules in KR1S are comparatively larger (2-4 cm) with a discoidal shape, while those in KR1N are generally small (<2 cm) with poly-lobate and irregular shapes. Nodules in KR1N also have lower Co, Cu, Mn and Ni, and higher Fe contents. The spatial separation in nodule characteristics might be caused by volcanic activities in KR1N rather than water depth contrast. During the formation of the seamounts in KR1N, rock fragments and volcanic ashes as new nuclei of the nodules would have been continuously generated. As a result, the nodules could not grow larger than 2 cm and display the shapes of a newbie (i.e., irregular and poly-lobate shapes). Moreover, significant Fe supply from volcanic activities probably decreases the Mn/Fe ratio, which may lead to the KR1 nodules being misinterpreted as a hydrogenic in origin compared to other sectors where a high Mn/Fe ratio is present.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2012

Background: The aims of the study were to determine the accuracy of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in detecting pulmonary metastasis through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), a technique that allows the excisional biopsy of small pulmonary nodules in patients with known malignancies. Materials and Methods: Between October 2007 and April 2010, 28 patients with known malignancies and small pulmonary nodules underwent VATS excisional biopsies. All patients were in follow-up for a previously treated malignancy. The malignancies included the following: colorectum (9), breast (6), head and neck (5), stomach (3), lymph (1), ovary (1), uterus (1), bladder (1), and liver (1). Results: There were 16 men and 12 women whose mean age was 56.7 years old (range, 38 to 77 years). The sizes of the mean nodules removed were 11.3 mm (range, 7 to 21 mm). Diagnoses included metastatic (11), bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (1), primary adenocarcinoma (1), pulmonary tuberculosis (6), fibrosis (5), organizing pneumonia (3), lymphoid hyperplasia (1). Among these lesions, 46.4% were malignant. Conclusion: True positive FDG-PET was 39.2%. FDG-PET is not a sensitive test in the evaluation of patients with a history of an extrathoracic malignancy and newly diagnosed small pulmonary nodules. VATS excision allows the early diagnosis of small pulmonary nodules, with low morbidity, in patients with known malignancies.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.451-457
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• 2001

본 논문은 컴퓨터단층촬영 영상에서의 자동화된 결절성 폐암의 추출 및 체적계산을 수행하였다. 배경으로부터의 흉부 분리 및 흉부로부터 폐영역으로의 분리를 위해 명암값 임계치 방법이 사용되었고, 폐 경계선 주위에 위치하는 폐암을 폐영역으로 포함시키기 위해 스캔닝-볼(Scanning-Ball) 알고리즘을 사용하였다. 폐영역으로부터 높은 명암값을 가진 부분만을 추출하는데, 이는 폐암, 혈관 또는 부분볼륨중의 하나이다. 추출된 폐암 후보자중에서 폐암을 구별하기 위해 크기, 솔리드(Solid) 형태, 평균값, 표준편차, 픽셀의 빈돗수와 명암값과의 상관계수가 사용되었으며, 식별된 폐암의 체적 및 원형율을 계산하였으며, 이를 내림차순으로 분류하였다. 19개 케이스, 총 621개 영상에 적용한 결과, 95%의 폐암추출 민감도를 가진다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.114-125
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• 2002

This study was designed to evaluate the influence of fibroblasts or connective tissue from mouse oral mucosa on differentiation of neonatal mouse calvaria-derived osteoblasts and mineralization of bone nodules. Primary cell cultures from mouse calvarial osteoblasts and 2-4 passaged fibroblasts from oral mucosa were co-cultured in monolayer cultures, devided into 6 experimental group according to cell density or cell confluency. Osteoblasts were also co-cultured with fibroblasts in $Transwell^{(R)}$ culture plate with different co-cultured period according to osteoblast differentiation. The alkaline phosphatase activity were measured in monolayer cultures and cultures using $Transwell^{(R)}$. The mineralized bone nodules were presented by Von Kossa staining and density of mineralized nodules was measured by image analysis. The connective tissues with or without osteoblast seeding were cultured and examined histologically by Von Kossa and Trichrome Goldner staining. The results were as follows; 1. Prolonged maturation of matrix and delayed mineralization of bone nodules were resulted in monolayer cultures. 2. Co-culture of fibroblast with osteoblast using $Transwell^{(R)}$ during osteoblast proliferation stage stimulated proliferation of osteoblasts and increased alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization of bone nodules. 3. Co-culture of fibroblast with osteoblast using $Transwell^{(R)}$ during matrix mineralization stage decreased and delayed mineralization of bone nodules. 4. In vitro cultured connective tissue with osteoblast seeding resulted in proliferation of osteoblasts and matrix formation with mineralization.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.679-688
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• 2009

최근 차세대 신에너지 자원으로 각광받고 있는 심해저 망간단괴에 대한 탐사와 연구가 전 세계적으로 진행되고 있다. 이에 국내에서도 한국해양연구원을 중심으로 수심 5,000m의 태평양에 광범위하게 분포된 망간단괴 채취를 위한 다양한 연구가 수행되고 있다. 정확한 채취량의 산정과 경제성을 분석하기 위해서는 정밀탐사가 요구되며, 이를 위하여 심해저 수중 카메라로부터 촬영된 영상을 처리하고 분석하여 망간단괴의 분포특성에 대한 정보를 추출할 수 있다. 본 연구는 심해저 영상에서 극심하게 발생하는 vignetting 현상을 효과적으로 제거하여 화질을 향상시키고, 영상에서 망간단괴를 추출하여 필요한 정보를 제공하는 방법을 제안하였다. 연구결과 vignetting 현상을 제거함으로써 보다 향상된 결과를 도출할 수 있었으며, 이를 기반으로 망간단괴에 대한 다양한 정보를 분석하여 향후 채취를 위한 계획수립 시 중요한 기초자료로 사용될 것으로 기대한다.