• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.580-584
• /
• 2010

The effect of planting densities on the growth of $Sedum$ $samentosum$ (4 collections) was investigated using nutrient film technique (NFT) with Yamazaki' lettuce nutrient solution (1982) from September 5th to October 24th in non-heating plastic film house. At 40 days, the plant height of 4 collections showed the range of 15.0-18.9 cm, and mean plant height was high the order of $10{\times}10$, $2.5{\times}2.5$, and $5{\times}5cm$. The growth of 'Pohang' and 'Wando' collections was better compared to that of 'Gunsan' and 'Wanju' collections. Number of node, stem diameter, and fresh and dry weight per plant were decreased in higher planting density. Despite the lower fresh weight per plant obtained, the fresh yield per $m^2$ was significantly increased in higher planting density. The mean fresh yield was $14.9kg{\cdot}m^{-2}$ in $2.5{\times}2.5cm$, and 'Pohang' collection showed the highest fresh yield ($17.6kg{\cdot}m^{-2}$). The first optimized harvesting time base on plant height was 30-40 days after NFT culture during autumn season. In eating quality, compression force of stem and bitterness of shoot were decreased in higher planting density. However, the heavy labor demanding high density cutting needs to be improved for hydroponic culture of $S.$ $samentosum$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.281-285
• /
• 2013

Purpose: To probe the role of FasL in cell apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Methods: The expression of Fas/FasL was assessed in 10 cases of normal oral epithelium, 38 cases of OSCC and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and 11 cases of metastatic lymph nodes by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis of tumor cells and TIL was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay (TUNEL). FasL-induction of T cell apoptosis was tested by co-culture assay in vitro with SCC-9 and Jurkat T cells. Results: The 10 cases of normal oral epithelium all demonstrated extensive expression of Fas, the positive rate being largely down-regulated in OSCC (21/38) (P<0.05) compared to the normal (10/10). At the same time, the positive rate of FasL significantly increased in OSCC (P<0.05) especially those with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The positive rates of Fas in well and middle differentiated OSCC were higher than those in poor differentiated OSCC (P<0.05). The AI of tumor cells in Fas-positive OSCC was remarkably higher than that in Fas-negative OSCC (P<0.01), with a positive correlation between Fas expression and cell differentiation as well as apoptosis (r=0.68, P<0.01). The AI of tumor cells in FasL positive OSCC was remarkably lower than that in control while the AI of TIL was higher than in FasL negative OSCC (P<0.05). The AI of tumor cells reversely correlated with that of TIL (r = -0. 72, P<0.05). It was found that SCC-9 cells expressing functional FasL could induce apoptosis of Jurkat cells as demonstrated by co-culture assays. As a conclusion, it is evident that OSCC cells expressing FasL can induce apoptosis in Fas-expressing T cells. Conclusions: In progression of OSCC, expression of the Fas/FasL changes significantly. The results suggest that FasL is a mediator of immune privilege in OSCC and may serve as an marker for predicting malignant change in oral tissues.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.29-59
• /
• 2016

Objectives PRAL (Prunus armeniaca Linne Var) has been known to suppress allergic reaction. However, the cellular target and its mechanism of action were unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effect of PRAL on RBL-2H3 mast cell, which is PMA-Ionomycin-induced activated in vitro and the effect of PRAL on the MNC/Nga mice that are DNCB-induced activated in vivo. Methods In this study, IL-4, IL-13 production were examined by ELISA analysis; IL-4, IL-13, IL-31, IL-31Ra, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and GM-CSF mRNA expression were examined by Real-time PCR; manifestations of AP-1 and MAPKs transcription factors were examined by western blotting in vitro. Then skin rashes have been evaluated and verified the distribution of mast cells by H&E and toluidine blue. Also, WBC, eosinophil and neutrophil, IgE level in serum, $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-4, IL-5 in the splenocyte culture supernatant, the absolute cell numbers of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $Gr-1^+CD11b^+$, $B220^+CD23^+$, $CD3^+CD69^+$ in the Axillary Lymph Node (ALN), PBMCs and dorsal skin and IL-5, IL-13, IL-31, IL-31Ra in the dorsal skin by Real-time PCR were all evaluated from the NC/BNga mice. Results As a result of this study, the mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-13, IL-31, IL-31Ra and $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-4, IL-13 production, shown in ELISA analysis, were suppressed by PRAL. Results from the western blot analysis showed decrease on the expression of mast-cell-specific transcription factors, including AP-1 and p-JNK, p-ERK. Histological examination showed that infiltration levels of immune cells in the skin of the AD-induced NC/Nga mice were improved by PRAL orally adminstration. Orally- administered PRAL group also showred decreased level of IgE in the serum. This group has shown decreased the level of IL-4, IL-5, but shown elevated $IFN-{\gamma}$ level in the splenocyte culture supernatant. The same group also has shown decreased cell numbers of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD3^+CD69^+$ in the ALN, and $CD4^+$, $Gr-1^+CD11b^+$ in the dorsal skin. PRAL oral adminstration increased cell numbers of $CD4^+$, but decreased cell numbers of $CD8^+$, $Gr-1^+CD11b^+$, $B220^+CD23^+$ in the PBMCs. Conclusions Obtained results suggest that PRAL can regulate molecular mediators and immune cells that are functionally associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) induced in the NC/Nga mice. This may play an important role in recovering AD symptoms and suppressing pruritus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2017.06a
• /
• pp.171-171
• /
• 2017

Propagation by crown division in Platycodon grandiflorum is too slow for producing many plants in a short time although the plants are uniform. This study was performed to enhance the mass propagation for Platycodon grandiflorum containing yellow green petals via various medium compositions and the growth regulators. The nodes containing yellow green petals were used as materials to execute the study with a variety of MS medium concentrations. The 1/4MS medium showed the best development of adventitious root, while the 1/2MS medium exhibited the potential growth. The higher the concentration of sucrose showed the better development and growth of both shoots and adventitious roots. Many adventitious roots were developed at the controlled culture medium at pH 4.8 with a tendency of suppression with higher levels of pH. Also, the cultivated node and leaf explants with the treatments of simple and combined applications with auxin and cytokinin at the 1/4MS culture medium with adding 5% of sucrose were used to identify the influences of growth regulators. The regeneration of plantlets at the 234single application showed a good result with the addition of BA $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and the development and growth of adventitious roots appeared to be good at the addition of NAA $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. For the combined applications, the regeneration of plantlets and the development of adventitious roots were prosperous at the combined applications with BA $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and IAA $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. The addition of IAA for the leaf explants induced a number of plantlets that showed the potential regeneration, and the highest results was obtained from the combined applications of both BA $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and IAA $2.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. In addition, the development of adventitious roots showed the satisfactory results at the combined application of both BA $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and IAA $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.166-170
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted in to elucidate the changes of growth characteristics and photosynthesis in three soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Danwonkong, Hwangkeumkong and Kwangankong) 30 day old seedlings to 100mM NaCl concentration containing 1/2 Hoagland's nutrient solution in sand culture. The main stem height and number of main stem node were decreased. thus, leaf area and dry matter were decreased with 100mM NaCl. Growth reduction was less little in Hwangkeumkong than other cultivars. The stem growth rate was affected less than other parts as root or leaf, by NaCl treatment. The specific leaf area (SLA), shoot : root ratio and leaf : root ratio decreased with NaCl solution except for those of Hwangkeumkong. There is no general tendency in leaf thickness by leaf position of three cultivars. The chlorophyll content (SPAD) of the primary and 2nd leaf slightly decreased under NaCl solution but rapidly increased in non-NaCl solution at 15 days after treatments. The photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration of 2nd leaf positions reduced by NaCl and there were a sigificant correlation between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance or transpiration.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to determine the optimal medium composition and growth regulators for the micropropagation of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. Nodes containing yellow green petals were used as plant materials to execute the study. The best performance of adventitious root development was found in 1/4 strength of MS basal salt and the growth was satisfactory in the concentration of 1/2 MS medium. The best condition for adventitious root development and growth was observed in the higher concentration (5%) of sucrose and activated charcoal free 1/4MS medium respectively. Adventitious roots were developed at the controlled culture medium at pH 4.8 with a tendency of suppression with higher levels of pH. However, it was prevailed that the development and growth depended on the concentration of agar. The lower concentration of agar (0.4%) was performed better than that of higher concentration (1.2%), whereas the agar concentration (0.4%) showed the best performance for the development and growth of adventitious roots. For the development of shoots containing node, BA combined with IAA was more effective than kinetin with IAA or NAA. The highest shoot development (3.9 shoots per explant) was performed on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L IAA.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.165-169
• /
• 1998

Anthers of three cross combinations of hot-pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) were cultured on Dumas De Vaulx medium supplemented with some growth regulators. The embryo production efficiency and the diversity for agronomic traits in $A_2$ lines were investigated. The embryo production frequencies of hybrid combinations were ranged from 16.4% to 43.4%, the highest embryo induction combination was DGSH $\times$ C-NH with 43.4% embryogenic efficiency. Among total 275 $A_2$ lines, phenotypic variants were found in six lines, 2.1% variant frequency. The diversity of $A_2$ lines derived from anther culture was different according to the cross combinations. Fruit color was within parental range, no transgressive variation was observed. However leaf color showed transgressive variation. In fruit length, fruit width and fruit weight, one C-HC $\times$ DGSH and DGSH $\times$ C-NH showed great diversity compared with doner parents while Cheokjo 1 $\times$ C-NH crossed with Cheokjo 1 with big fruit shape showed small diversity. Stem length to 1st branch was relatively similer to or longer than donor parents. Stem thick exhibited remarkable diversity. Node number to 1st branch distributed alomost within the range of donor parents in C-HC $\times$ DGSH combination, however great transgressive variations were observed in DGSH $\times$ C-NH and Cheokjo 1 $\times$ C-NH combinations.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.732-736
• /
• 2002

The immunostimulating activities of the hot-water extract from Codonopsis lanceolata were investigated. The proliferation of BSA-primed lymph node cells was enhanced between 2.8- to 11.2-fold compare to control, when cultured with 1 to $25\;{\mu}g/mL$ of C. lanceolata extract. It showed strong immunopotentiating activity than ginseng extract and as remarkable as Bifidobacterium adolescentis M101-4 known as a positive immunostimulator. The proliferation of splenocytes and Peyer's patch cells was enhanced between 4.2- to 13.8-fold and 3.1- to 6.9-fold, respectively, when cultured with 1 to 25 $25\;{\mu}g/mL$ of C. lanceolata extract. It enhanced the production of cytokines such as $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 in the culture of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. In the culture of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, production of cytokines was as compared to controls. In unstimulated RAW 264.7 cells, both $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 production were enhanced between 12.6- to 67.8-fold and 2.8- to 10.1-fold, respectively. The hot-water extract from C. lanceolata is expected to be a safe immunopotentiator to maintain the host immunity and develop a physiologically functional food.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.435-444
• /
• 2022

There are three focuses in the paper. Firstly, the study identified what channels were most viewed by YouTube users to watch the 'Daejang-dong scandal,' which was the most powerful agenda to influence the candidate preference among voters during the 20th presidential election. Secondly, the study analyzed whether the political tone of the first videos was in line with that of the subsequent videos. Finally, we compared the sentiment of comments on the first and subsequent videos. The results showed that TBS 'News Factory' and 'TV Chosun News' represented liberal and conservative factions, respectively. Secondly, the political tone of channels that were viewed subsequently was neutral, but the conservative channel users left more negative comments and that was significant statistically. In addition, about 80% of the conservative and liberal channel users shared the same political tendency with the channel they watched first, and more than 90% of the comments left at the subsequent videos in line with that of at the first news. Based on these results, the study concluded that the voters tended to seek political news that was similar with their political ideology, and it was considered a sort of echo chamber phenomenon on the YouTube. The study suggests that the performance of high-quality journalism by traditional news outlet might contribute to decrease the negative influence of political contents on YouTube users.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.28-37
• /
• 1993

The low seed propagation is one of the problem needed a lot of seed tuber for the propagation in yam. Therefore this experiment was carried out to understand the possiblility of seed tuber propagation by tissue culture of yam. In-vitro stem node of yam was cultured by concentration treatments of 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8 with MS medium additted with each concentration levels of IAA, NAA, IBA, kinetin and BA. Acorrding to the Iower concentration than MS medium, length of shoots was promoted, leaf emergence shoots and rooting shoots were increased at 1/8 MS medium during the culturing period of stem node in yam. Fixed IBA and kinetin under the concentration of MS mdeium was inhibited severely by the heigh concentration additted with lAA $1mg\;/\;{\ell}\;and\;NAA\;4mg\;/\;{\ell}$. But fixed IBA $5mg\;/\;{\el}l\;and\;kinetin\;2mg\;/\;{\ell}$ with concentration of 1/8MS medium was remarkably promoted leaf emergence shoots and rooting shoots by $1mg\;/\;{\ell}$ of additted lAA and NAA. Percentage of induced shoots was increased by combination treatments of lAA. $1.5mg\;/\;{\ell}\;and\;kinetin\;2mg\;/\;{\ell}$, also leaf emergence shoots and rooting shoots were promoted by combination treatments of lAA $1.5mg\;/\;{\ell}\;and\;kinetin\;2mg\;/\;{\ell}$.