• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 1999

A population monitoring studies for assessing the genotoxicity of occupationally exposed mixed organic solvents to printers were performed by using the chromosome aberration assay and the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay. The incidence of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei was studied in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 51 male printers and their matched controls in Seoul area. Smoking habits and duration of employment were taken into account. The frequencies of micronucleus in peripheral lymphocytes of printers were significantly different in comparision with control subjects. Also there were significant increase in the frequencies of micronucleus by duration of exposure. The frequencies of chromosome aberrations showed no significant differences between printers and their matched controls.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.27-32
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• 1987

As part of an air pollution epidemiological study of asthmatics residing in the Houston area, an air monitoring system provided data on the indoor and outdoor measurements of major pollutant gases sampled at selected residences during May ~ October 1981. Continuously monitored pollutant gases included sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$), nitrogen dioxide($NO_2$), nitric oxide(NO), carbon monoxide(CO), and ozone($O_3$). Outdoor levels for each pollutant were compared with their indoor levels(bedroom, kitchen, living room). Mean concentrations of each pollutant in the kitchen, and living room exceeded the mean levels outside except for ozone, while average bedroom levels for all gases except for $O_3$ and $NO_2$ were found higher than the corresponding outside levels. Indoor/ outdoor ratios for $SO_2$, NO, and CO were 1.8 ~ 2.7 times the outdoor levels, but indoor/ outdoor ratios for $NO_2$ and $O_3$ were 0.99 and 0.06, respectively. The impact of several important household characteristics (type of cooking fuel and cigarette smoking) on the indoor levels for these gases is evaluated.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.98-112
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• 2004

This study was done to investigate and compare the nutritional status and plasma lipids in the diabetes and control elderly. Subjects were 105 persons (male 32, female 73) aged over 65 years and visited public health centers in Ulsan area. The subjects were divided into 2 groups, diabetes and control group. Athropometric measurement, dietary intakes, and plasma biochemical indices were examined. Body Mass Index (BMI), Percentage of Ideal Body Weight (PIBW) and Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) of diabetes group were higher than those of control group. Overall eating behavior were worse in diabetes group than those of control group. There was no significant difference in smoking and exercise status among groups. The ratio of drinkers was significantly higher in control group. But the amount of alcohol consumed at once was higher in the diabetes group. There was no significant difference in most nutrient intakes between males and females. The intakes of fiber, natrium (Na), vitamin A, and $\beta$-carotene were significantly higher in diabetes group than control groups while that of potassium (K) was lower in diabetes group. Diabetes group had the higher levels in triglyceride, VLDL-cholesterol, Chol/HDL-cholesterol ratio, LDL/HDL-cholesterol ratio, while they had lower HDL-cholesterol level. Overall results might imply that the elderly with diabetes have to be more careful to their meals and health-related behaviors to increase the likelihood of a healthier life.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.51-62
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• 2001

Geometric mean of airborne welding fume concentration at technical high schools was 4.80mg/㎥)N.D~35.39 mg/ ㎥ and the percentage of samples exceeded TLV of the Korean ministry of labor was 43.6%, Geometric mean of airborne Mn concentration was 0.06 mg/㎥(N.D~0.42mg/㎥) and the percentage of samples exceeded TLV of ACGIH was 15.4 % In case of airborne Me concentration, there is a significant difference among schools (p<0.05) Mn concentrations in blood of the exposed and control groups were 1.84$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl and 1.91 mg/dl respectively. Mn concentrations in urine of the exposed and control groups were 1.36$\mu\textrm{g}$/ιand 0.57$\mu\textrm{g}$/ι respectively. In case of Mn concentrations in urine there is a significant difference between both groups(P<0.001) and among schools(p<0.05) Mn concentrations in blood and urine of exposed group were not over BEIs of the Korean ministry of labor. Mn levels in blood and urine were not significantly affected by smoking, drinking and residence, There was no correlation between Mn concentration in air and blood but there was a statistically significant correlation between Mn concentration in air urine(r=0.323). There was no a statistically significant correlation between Mn concentration in blood and urine.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 1997

This study was done to analyze the health behavior of 5.166 elementary students from a urban city. They were students in grades 4. 5 and 6 attending five elementary schools which were selected from a city close to the capital city of Seoul. Health behaviors were measured using a questionnaire which was developed by WHO and was used by European countries. The data was managed and analysed using DBASE and SAS computer programs. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Eating behavior $\cdot$ Having Breakfast : Male students who were older had a higher number reporting having no breakfast(p< .05) $\cdot$ Taking Supplements : Older students had a higher number reporting taking nutrition supplements(p<.05) $\cdot$ Drinking milk: Female students had a lower number reporting drinking milk (p<.05). $\cdot$ Taking snacks : Female students who were older had a higher number reporting taking snacks(p< .05). $\cdot$ Drinking boiled water Male students had a lower number reporting drinking boiled water(p<.05). 2. Using seat belt Female students who were older had a lower number reporting using seat belt(p<.05). 3. Smoking : Male students who were younger had a higher number reporting experience with smoking(p <.05). 4. Personal hygiene $\cdot$ Washing hands before meals : Male students who were younger had a lower number reporting washing hands before meals(p<.05). $\cdot$ Brushing teeth: Male students had a lower number reporting brushing teeth(p<.05). 5. Reading distance : Younger students had a higher number reporting near reading distance(p<.05). 6. Exercise: Female students who were younger reported less exercise(p<.05). 7. Sewage Managing : Male students had a lower number reporting separating of garbage according to recyclability(p<.05).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.193-200
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify how students majoring in nursing perceive causes of cancers and the effects of diet for preventing cancers. Data for the study were collected by 651 nursing students, who were registered in the second and third year in three technical colleges and third and fourth year in two universities. The Research instruments included items on general characteristics of subjects, items about the degree of perception of the frequency of cancer onset and items on the perception of mortality. risk factors. preventive diets, knowledge, and high risk factor for cancer in specific body areas. The findings of this study are as follows : 1. Almost all subjects(92.8%) reported that the frequency of cancer onset increases and that it is 93.9% for people over 40. Degree of perception about cancer mortality was low at 33.0%. 2. As far as the perception of risk factors for cancer onset was concerned, smoking, stress, heredity, family history, and alcohol were rated high, over 80.0%. Risk factor in. eluding virus, hormones. pesticides were rated as low. 3. As to the perception of risk factor for body area as associated with diet salted and scorched food were rated at 44.5% for stomach cancer, alcohol, 50.4% for liver cancer, smoking. 72.8% for lung cancer. pregnancy times. 25.3%, and marriage age, 23.0% for uterine cancer, and no delivery experience, 40.1% for breast cancer. 4. The knowledge score for cancer was between 12 and 36, with a mean score of 26.75(SD=4.13). There was a statistically significant difference between experience in raring for cancer patients during clinical practice and knowledge score(t=3.09. p=.002).

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.162-178
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• 2021

The study examined the perceived health status, dietary habits, and health-related lifestyle habits of middle-aged men and women in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do areas. The survey was conducted on 670 individuals (320 men and, 350 women), aged 40~64 years, in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do areas. The online and written data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 25.0 program. Although there was a significant difference in the perceived health status (P < 0.01), there were no significant differences in the subjective stress and the current disease status according to sex. For dietary habits, the scores for fruit intake (P < 0.05), meat and fish intake (P < 0.05), milk and dairy products intake (P < 0.01), and seaweed intake (P < 0.05) were higher in women than men. The scores for three-meal eating (P < 0.05) and water intake (P < 0.01) were higher in men than women. For the health-related habits, alcohol-drinking frequency, daily alcohol consumption, smoking experience, and daily smoking were higher in men than women (P < 0.001). In contrast, caffeinated beverage intake, exercise frequency, and daily smart-phone, computer, and TV using time were similar in both sexes. The meal-eating time was faster in men than women (P < 0.01). For dietary behavior changes, only appetite showed a significant gender difference (P < 0.05). This study provides essential information on the perceived health status, dietary habits, and health-related lifestyle habits in middle-aged men and women. Nevertheless, further research and a practical nutrition program will be needed to solve undesirable dietary habits and improve the health and lifestyle of middle-aged adults according to sex.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.24-38
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• 2002

This study was undertaken to examine the effects of acupuncture at LI4 on temperature changes of the facial surface randomly divided into 17 areas. The volunteers who participating in this study had taken rest for 20 - 30 min in room temperature ($23-25^{\circ}C$) before acupuncture and informed them what to prohibit smoking, drinking and drug for the previous one day. The Temperature of facial surface was measured by using Digital Thermography IR 2000 (Meridian Co., Korea) at 5 min before and immediately, 5, 10, and 15 min after acupuncture on LI4. The results of this study showed that there was no significancy in thermal changes of facial surface randomly divided into 17 areas, but different significantly in the aggregate changes at the difference of the thermal changes on facial surface (p < 0.001). The difference of aggregate change was increased time-dependent and the changes at 1st, 3rd, and 13th area were comparatively smaller than the other areas. However, the changes at 6th, 8th, 10th and 15th area were more increased than the others. This study suggests that acupuncture at LI 4 help human being increase the reaction to maintain thermal homeostasis in facial surface and the ability to treat at these area's disease.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.239-249
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• 2013

Subclinical vitamin $B_{12}$ deficiency is common in the elderly worldwide. We investigated the change of serum vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration with aging and compared anthropometric data and clinical health indicators between normal (${\geq}$ 340 pg/mL) and low (< 340 pg/mL) serum vitamin $B_{12}$ groups in 470 Korean women aged 65 years and over living in a rural area. Serum vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration showed inverse correlation with age (r = -0.0992, p < 0.05). The normal $B_{12}$ group showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit compared to the low $B_{12}$ group, however, no difference in mean corpuscular volume was observed between the two groups. The normal $B_{12}$ group showed significantly lower serum homocysteine concentration (p < 0.01) and prevalence of vitamin D (p < 0.01) or folate deficiency (p < 0.001). Bone mineral density (T-score) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the normal $B_{12}$ group, compared with that in the low $B_{12}$ group, and showed positive correlation (r = 0.1490, p < 0.01) with serum vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration after adjusting for age, body weight, and body mass index. No differences in anthropometric data, physical activity, and smoking and drinking habits were observed between the two groups. In conclusion, it could be suggested that older female adults with normal serum vitamin $B_{12}$ level would be less anemic and osteoporotic and more resistant to hyperhomocysteinemia associated chronic diseases than those with low serum vitamin $B_{12}$ level.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.279-291
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• 2008

This survey is to increase the quality of life by improved oral health. Total 572 Youngnam area residence joined the survey and answered for the subjects of general aspect & health activity, self-determined oral health status, oral health knowledge, oral health activity, food behavior, OHIP-14,THI, QOL. Survey was analyzed by SPSS (Ver. 12.0). Result of the study is summarized as follows; 1. Among total 572 residents, women were 58% and 20~29 aged were 35.5%, highest. In academic background, High school graduated were 59.6%. In average monthly income view, Lower than 1.5 million KRW was 43.5%, 49.3% replied drinks 1~3 times a month. No smoking group was 73.1%. No exercise group was 35.5% and every day exercise group was 11.4%. In self evaluating about oral health status question 40.4%(231) replied as bad, which was highest. 2. Women have higher score about oral health knowledge. Woman and Every day exercise group have better score about oral health practice. Man, 40~49 aged, more than 2.51 million KRW avg' income, every day exercise groups has good score about diet related question. 3. OHIP-14 has lower score as age is older, as more income. THI shows higher score from woman, 20~29, more income group and QOL has higher score from more than college educated, every day exercise groups. 4. Similar correlation indexes on QOL are OHIP-14, diet, oral health knowledge, oral health practice listed in order of effect size. Self-determined oral health index is important to improve quality of life along with health activity, especially oral health recognition index is different depends on age and monthly income that addresses it is necessary to deliver training with carefully designed oral health training program development.