• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 1999

The aim of present study was to elucidate whether the expression of nm23 protein might be of clinical value as a prognostic factor in gastric cancer. The expression of nm23 protein was analyzed using an immunohistochemical method with formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissue samples from 76 gastric carcinoma patients. The cytoplasmic immunoreactivity of nm23 protein were detected in 53.9% of the sample tissues(41/76). When the immunoreactivity of nm23 protein with TNM status and other histopathologic findings were compared by using Chi-Square test, nm23 was found to have correlations with lymph node metastasis(p=0.04), a number of metastatic lymph node, and the invasion of lymphatic vessels(p=0.007); however, it had no correlation with TNM status. The conventional prognostic factors such as the depth of invasion, the degree of lymph node metastasis and the presence of distant metastasis, a Borrmann type, size of tumor, and the curability with operation were found to have a strong correlation with the survival time(p<0.003). However, the expression of nm23 protein was not significantly correlated with survival time in survival analysis. These results showed that the expression of nm23 protein is not a useful prognostic indicator in gastric cancer.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2005

nm23-H1 gene expression has been inversely correlated with tumor metastatic potential in certain tumors including melanomas, breast carcinomas, and hepatocellular carcinomas. However, its role with respect to the invasive behavior of central nervous system tumors has scarcely been addressed Because cell motility and invasion plays an essential role in metastatic dissemination, we have studied whether motile human glioma cell(U87MG) transfected with nm23-H1 complementary DNA have any alterations in their ability to migrate and invade. There was no significant changes in the shape and size of the cells following nm23-H1 transfection. The role of nm23-H1 in glioma migration and invasion have been evaluated by in vitro simple scratch technique and brain slice invasion model Basal migration ability of nm23-H1 transfectants cell(U87MG-pEGFP-nm23) were lesser than U87MG. Accordingly, U87MG-pEGFP-nm23 didn't migrate away apparently from the tumors implanted site comparing U87MG in brain slice invasion model. These results suggest that nm23-H1 may play an important role in suppressing the human glioma migration and invasion.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3539-3548
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• 2012

The Nm23 gene is a metastatic suppressor identified in a melanoma cell line and expressed in different tumors where their levels of expression are associated with reduced or increased metastatic potential. Nm23 is one of the over 20 metastasis suppressor genes (MSGs) confirmed in vivo. It is highly conserved from yeast to human, implying a critical developmental function. Tumors with alteration of the p53 gene and reduced expression of the Nm23 gene are more prone to metastasis. Nm23-H1 has 3'-5' exonuclease activity. This review focuses on the role of Nm23 in cancer progression and also a potential novel target for cancer therapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1995-1998
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• 2013

Objective: To study the expression of the mismatch repair proteins hMSH2 and nm23 in sporadic colorectal cancer, determine any inter-relationship, and further investigate any clinical significance. Methods: Expression of hMSH2 and nm23 proteins was assessed in 87 colorectal cancer tissues by SP immunohistochemistry, with analysis of survival using follow-up data. Results: In the sporadic colorectal cancer tissues, nm23 protein expression appeared independent of the histological type (P>0.05), but correlated with the invasion depth and lymphatic metastasis (P<0.05). In contrast, hMSH2 protein expression was not significantly correlated with these clinicopathologic features (P>0.05), although it positively correlated with that of nm23 protein in the sporadic colorectal cancers (rs=0.635, P<0.05). Combined expression of the two was found to be related with invasion depth, lymphatic metastasis and prognosis of sporadic colorectal cancer (P<0.05). Conclusion: nm23 protein level was related with the degree of malignancy, and could be used as an index to predict the invasion and metastasis potential. The expression of hMSH2 protein is positively correlated that of nm23 protein, and the combined expression of the two has certain guiding significance for the prognosis of sporadic colorectal cancer.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 1997

Malignant melanoma has a very poor prognosis compared to other cancers. There are no specific tumor markers other than clinical staging and depth of invasion to predict the prognosis of the malignant melanoma. The nm23 has been known to inhibit the metastasis of the malignant melanoma, some studies showed that it is highly expressed in the malignant melanoma cell line which has a relatively weak metastatic potential. In this study, we compared the expression of nm23 in mucosal type with that in cutaneous type of the malignant melanoma in the head and neck according to the stage and survival rate to identify the role of nm23 expression as a prognostic factor in mucosal melanoma of the head and neck. Six out of eight cases in mucosal type and seven out of 11 cases in cutaneous type expressed nm23, which showed no significant differences. Between the two groups there were no significant differences in expression of nm23 according to clinicopathologic staging or two year survival rate. However, in cases with low cliniopathological staging and those surviving more than two years the expression was significantly increased which suggests that expression of nm23 can be used as an aid in determining the prognosis of mucosal melanoma.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.261-266
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• 2004

Although significant progress has been made in the surgical treatment of esophageal carcinoma as well as in the detection of early stage esophageal carcinoma by diagnostic techniques, the prognosis of the esophageal carcinoma patients remain poor. The p53 gene product is known to regulate cell growth and proliferation. And the nm23 gene was identified originally as an anti-metastatic influence whose expression was correlated inversely with tumor metastatic potential in murine melanoma cell lines. This experiment was intended to know the relationship among the p53 and nm23 gene expression versus clinicopahologic characteristics of the esophageal cancer. Total 40 cases were collected from patients who had undergone esophagectomy at St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic university of Korea. Immunohistochemical stain for p53 mutant-type protein and nm23 protein was graded as <10% positive tumor cells: negative; 10∼30% positive tumor cells: ＋ ; 30∼50% positive tumor cells: ＋＋, and >50% positive tumor cells: ＋＋＋. The tumor invasion was grades as none:－ ; mild:＋ ; moderate:＋＋ ; severe: ＋＋＋. Overexpression of p53 protein and nm23 was not associated with the survival and cliniocopathologic characteristics of the esophageal cancer. Moreover, the combination analysis of p53 and nm23 revealed that there was no relationship between the gene expression and the clinicopatholic characteristics of the esophageal cancer.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.223-223
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• 2004

Nucleoside diphosphate kinases(NDPKs) are ubiquitous enzymes involved in numerous regulatory processes associated with transcriptional regulation, cell proliferation, development, and differentiation. In this study, we was examined characterization and localization of the nm23-M5 in mouse testis by Western blotting, immunohistochemical and conforcal imaging study using specific antibodies raised against nm23-M5. (omitted)

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.973-981
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• 1998

Background: About 30% to 40% of the patients with pathologic stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) die within 5 years after complete resection. The identification of poor prognostic factors and the application of additional treatment are very important to improve the survival rate in resected stage I NSCLC. Materials and methods: Sixty-eight(68) patients who had been diagnosed postoperatively between Janury 1989 and December 1995 as having stage I non-small cell lung cancer according to the TNM classification were studied. The postoperative 5-year survival rate was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method, and clinico- histopathologic factors including age, sex, operative method, type of tumor cell, T factor, grade of the differentiation in a squamous cell carcinoma, invasion of blood vessel and expression of the nm23-H1 protein were investigated and analyzed. Results: The median survival of the entire group of patients was 58$\pm$3 months, with a 5-year survival of 58.9%. In univariate analysis, invasion of blood vessel and poor differentiation of the tumor cell in a squamous cell carcinoma significantly worsened the survival. In multivariate analysis, invasion of blood vessel and grade of the differentiation of the tumor cells in a squamous cell carcinoma remained independent prognostic factors. High expression of the nm23-H1 protein was related to a high postoperative 5-year survival in comparision with low expression of the nm23-H1 pretein (73.0% vs 50.7%), but there was no statistical significance. Conclusions: These results highlight the negative prognostic value of poor differentiation of tumor cells in a squamous cell carcinoma and invasion of blood vessel in stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Also, further studies are necessary to be determined prognostic value of the T factor and expression of the nm23 protein in non-small cell lung cancer.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2000

Objective: The nm23 gene has been identified as a potential metastasis suppressor gene in various human neoplasms. Both Bcl-2, which promotes cell survival, and Bax, which promotes cell death, have been considered as major factors in controlling the apoptotic pathway. This study was carried out to determine whether these markers are useful in distinguishing potential intrinsic differences in tumor virulence of papillary thyroid cancers. Material and Method: The expressions of nm23, Bcl-2 and Bax have been evaluated using immunohistochemical techniques in 100 pure papillary thyroid cancers and 20 metastatic lymphnodes. The intensity of immnunoreactivity was graded on arbitrary four point scale(grade 0 or 1 : negative reactivity, grade 2 or 3 positive reactivity). The immunoreactivities were analyzed in relation to TNM atage, AMES score, local recurrence and distant metastasis, and that of metastatic LNs was compared with the tumors. Results: The expression of Bcl-2 and bax did not show any statistical differences by TNM stage, AMES score, recurrence, distant metastasis and also between the tumor and metastatic LN. However, the nm23 showed higher expression of Ki67 in distant metastasis than in control group and in metastatic LNs than in the tumors(p<0.05). Conclusion: Although the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein showed no correlation with clinical parameters representing tumor virulence, the nm23 expression could be an useful prognostic factor, especially in predicting nodal or distant metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

The performance of a long wavelength-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (L-band EDFA) using 1530nm-band pumping has been studied. A 1530nm-band pump source is built using a tunable light source and two C-band EDFAs in cascaded configuration, which is able to deliver a maximum output power of 23dBm. Gain coefficient and noise figure (NF) of the L-band EDFA are measured for pump wavelengths between 1530nm and 1560nm. The gain coefficient with a 1545nm pump is more than twice as large as with a 1480nm pump. It indicates that the L-band EDFA consumes low power. The noise figure of 1530nm pump is 6.36dB at worst, which is 0.75dB higher than that of 1480nm pumped EDFA. The optimum pump wavelength range to obtain high gain and low NF in the 1530nm band appears to be between 1530nm and 1540nm. Gain spectra as a function of a pump wavelength have bandwidth of more than 10nm so that a broadband pump source can be used as 1530nm-band pump. The L-band EDFA is also tested for WDM signals. Flat Gain bandwidth is 32nm from 1571.5 to 1603.5nm within 1dB excursion at input signal of -10dBm/ch. These results demonstrate that 1530nm-band pump can be used as a new efficient pump source for L-band EDFAs.