• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.8-25
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• 2020

Background: Species of the genera Eucalyptus, Cupressus, and Pinus are the most widely planted tree species in the country in general and in Chilimo dry Afromontane forest in particular. Eucalyptus covers 90% of the total planted forest area in the country. However, only limited information exists in the country regarding aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), growth, and yield. This study was conducted to assess the variables on 25 and 30 years of age for three planted species: Cupressus lusitanica, Eucalyptus saligna, and Pinus patula in Chilimo plantation forest, in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia. A two-times inventory was conducted in 2012 and 2017. A total of nine square sampled plots of 400 ㎡ each, three plots under Cupressus lusitanica, 3 Eucalyptus saligna, and 3 Pinus patula were used for data collection. Data on height, diameter, soil, and tree stumps were collected. Percent C, % N, and bulk density was performed following chemical procedure. Results: The aboveground biomass ranged from 125.76 to 228.67 t C ha^-1 and the basal area and number of stems from 3.76 to 25.50 ㎡ ha^-1 and 483 to 1175 N ha^-1, respectively. The mean annual basal area and volume increment were between 0.97 and 1.20 ㎡ ha^-1 year^-1 and 10.79 and 16.22 ㎥ ha^-1 year^-1. Both carbon and nitrogen stock of the planted forest was non-significant among the tree species. Conclusion: The aboveground biomass, growth, and yield significantly varied among the species. Cupressus lusitanica had the highest aboveground biomass, volume, and basal area, while Eucalyptus saligna had the lowest value. To a depth of 1 m, total carbon stored ranged from 130.13 to 234.26 t C ha^-1. The total annual carbon sequestration potential was 12,575.18 t CO₂ eq. Eucalyptus has the highest carbon stock density and growth rate than other species.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 1992

The identification on blue-queen algae which were collected from paddy rice fields of the whole nation was carried out in 1991. The blue-green algae identified were 20 species in 5 families including 7 species in the Chroococcaceae. 1 species in the Chamaesiphonaceae. 1 species in the Pleurocapsaceae, 6 species in the Nostocaeae and 5 species in the Oscillatoriaceae. Among the blue-green algae, 6 species in 4 genera including Cylindrospernum, Anabaenopsis, Anabaena and Nostoc were characterized by heterocysts concerning with nitrogen fixation capacity. A concentrated population of Oscillatoria spp. induced soil flakes with blue tint in paddy rice fields. The genera. Spirulina and Oscillatoria, showed their specific motility.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 1987

Canonical correlation analysis was applied on phytoplankton species and associated physico-chemical environmental factors of the surface mixed-later in the southwestern waters of the East Sea (Sea of Japan), Korea. Water temperature was the most significant environmental factor for the distribution of phytoplandton species among the seven factors examined in spring, and salinity in autumn. The importance of these two environmental factors was discussed with the seasonal variations of the hydrographical regime. Kuroshio indicators' and two protoperidinium species were positively associated with high water temperatures and high salinity. Small pennate diatoms and silicoflagellates seem to prefer lower temperatures, and they might compete each other for silicate nutrient resulting in lower K value in silicoflagellate species than in small diatoms. A nitrogen fixing blue-green alga, Oscillatoria erythraea, was found to be positively associated with phosphate concentration.

• Mycobiology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 2014

Basidiomycetous macrofungi play important roles in maintaining forest ecosystems via carbon cycling and the mobilization of nitrogen and phosphorus. To understand the impact of human activity on macrofungi, an ongoing project at the Korea National Arboretum is focused on surveying the macrofungi in unexploited areas. Mt. Oseo was targeted in this survey because the number of visitors to this destination has been steadily increasing, and management and conservation plans for this destination are urgently required. Through 5 field surveys of Mt. Oseo from April to October 2012, 116 specimens of basidiomycetous macrofungi were collected and classified. The specimens were identified to the species level by analyzing their morphological characteristics and their DNA sequence data. A total of 80 species belonging to 57 genera and 25 families were identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify five of these species-Artomyces microsporus, Hymenopellis raphanipes, Pholiota abietis, Phylloporus brunneiceps, and Sirobasidium magnum-in Korea.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.331-341
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• 2014

The present study is an attempt to give an account of the inventory of plant species, phytosociological characteristics of vegetation and pedological characteristics of Rambi Beat Forest under Senchal East Forest Zone, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. Its plant community were analyzed quantitatively and synthetically. The results reflect dominancy of dicotyledons over monocotyledons in the four studied sites The plant community comprising of 50 plant species belonging to 40 genera of 27 families. Ramhi beat reflected higher diversity of species. Maximum IVI value was recorded by Viola surpense (47.17) in Rambhi forest beat. The Berger parker index and evenness index were found to be highest for Viola surpense, Fragaria nubicola, Pilea umbrosa in Rambhi beat. The soil characteristics of the different pedons revealed alkaline nature of soil in Rambhi beat. Higher levels of soil organic carbon content reflect higher fertility of the soil of Rambhi beat. The response towards soil available nitrogen and phosphate were different among the ten pedons of Rambhi beat. Therefore, proper management and conservative measures needs to be implemented for conservation of bioresources in Senchel wildlife Sanctuary of West Bengal, India.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 1983

The paper is investigation of the secondary vegeation and succession at the forest fire area in Mt. Palgong. The survey was carried out from April, 1981 to Stempter, 1982. The floristic compositions were as follows: 50 families, 116 genera, 127 species, 15 varieties and 3 formae(145 kinds). Among them, the floristic composition of the pine floor vegetation of the unburned area was 43 families, 80 genera, 88 species, 10 varieties and 1 forma(99 kinds), and that of the secondary vegetatiion after forest fire was 46 families, 106 genera, 120 species, 14 varieties and 3 formae(137 kinds). Index of similarity between the burned and unburned area was 0.77. The biological type succeeded in $H-D_1-R_5$type, and the erect form(s) was prevailed. Carex humilis var. nana, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, and lespedeza cyrtobotrya were dominant species in the $ B_1; and; B_2$ area of the seventh year after forest fire. In the degree of succession, species diversity, and evenness index, DS, H, and e of the $B_1$ area were higher than those of the $B_2$ area. In the soil properties, it assumed that pH, total nitrogen, and available phosphores of the burned area were nearly recovered to those of the unburned area.

• Carbon letters
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 2016

Nitrogen (N)-doped ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) with a dual transition metal system were synthesized as non-Pt catalysts for the ORR. The highly nitrogen doped OMCs were prepared by the precursor of ionic liquid (3-methyl-1-butylpyridine dicyanamide) for N/C species and a mesoporous silica template for the physical structure. Mostly, N-doped carbons are promoted by a single transition metal to improve catalytic activity for ORR in PEMFCs. In this study, our N-doped mesoporous carbons were promoted by the dual transition metals of iron and cobalt (Fe, Co), which were incorporated into the N-doped carbons lattice by subsequently heat treatments. All the prepared carbons were characterized by via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To evaluate the activities of synthesized doped carbons, linear sweep was recorded in an acidic solution to compare the ORR catalytic activities values for the use in the PEMFC system. The dual transition metal promotion improved the ORR activity compared with the single transition metal promotion, due to the increase in the quaternary nitrogen species from the structural change by the dual metals. The effect of different ratio of the dual metals into the N doped carbon were examined to evaluate the activities of the oxygen reduction reaction.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.130-135
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• 1991

The effects of a herbicide butachlor[2-chloro-2', 6'-diethyl-N-(butoxymethyl) acetanilide] on the growth of the purple non-sulfur bacteria were investigated. The butachlor inhibited the growth of all species tested by 18-51%, except Rhodospirillum rubrum at concentrations of M, which would be field capacity. The photosynthetic growth rate of the species in the presence of butachlor was influenced by the nitrogen source. Cultures supplied with (NH&S04 showed a somewhat higher growth rate than those fixing dinitrogen, but they were more susceptible to butachlor (26-51%). On the contrary, butachlor enhanced the growth rate of Rhodospirillum rubrum in nitrogen gas conditions. When the culture was performed in medium with butachlor as the carbon source, the cells of fixing dinitrogen showed a higher exhaustion of butachlor than those supplemented with (N&)2S04, which exhaustion was examined by a decrease of the major absorbance at 213 nm and 260 nm. The exhaustion of butachlor as the carbon source had relation with the growth of the cells. The alkalization of culture supplemented with nitrogen gas was found in the cells treated with butachlor or untreated. The butachlor affected the carotenoid region but bacteriochlorophyll remained unaffected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.78-85
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• 2006

This study was to analyze vegetation and soil characteristic, and ordination of Bupleurum latissimum community located in Seo-Myun, Isl. Ulleungdo. The Bupleurum latissimum community was classified into Physocarpus insularis subcommunity and Artemisia stolonifera subcommunity, and there was Artemisia stolonifera subcommunity in destroyed site of Bupleurum latissimum community. In the study sites, soil organic matter, nitrogen, available phosphorous, changeable potassium, changeable calcium, changeable magnesium concentration, cation exchangeable capacity, and soil pH were ranged from 19.0~25.6%, 0.67~0.96%, 47.8~103.0ppm, 2.4~2.8(me/100g), 13.8~15.0(me/100g), 8.4~9.0 (me/100g), 34.0~38.4(me/100g), and 5.9~6.0, respectively. The Bupleurum latissimum community had higher nitrogen, exchangeable magnesium, and available phosphorous concentration than in Bupleurum euphorbioides and Bupleurum longiradiatum community. The Berberis amurensis var. latifolia and Valeriana officinalis var. latifolia that was companion species of Bupleurum latissimum community was found in area of having high soil organic matter and nitrogen concentration. The Ligustrum foliosumwas found in shrubbery, and so the reason could give little competition with Bupleurum latissimum community. The Bupleurum latissimum is the endangered species managed by Ministry of Environments in Korea. Its community has been destroyed, and so we need any action to protect the community.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.387-400
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• 2023

Ruminal protozoa, especially entodiniomorphs, engulf other members of the rumen microbiome in large numbers; and they release oligopeptides and amino acids, which can be fermented to ammonia and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) by amino acid-fermenting bacteria (AAFB). Studies using defaunated (protozoa-free) sheep have demonstrated that ruminal protozoa considerably increase intraruminal nitrogen recycling but decrease nitrogen utilization efficiency in ruminants. However, direct interactions between ruminal protozoa and AAFB have not been demonstrated because of their inability to establish axenic cultures of any ruminal protozoan. Thus, this study was performed to evaluate the interaction between Entodinium caudatum, which is the most predominant rumen ciliate species, and an AAFB consortium in terms of feed degradation and ammonia production along with the microbial population shift of select bacterial species (Prevotella ruminicola, Clostridium aminophilum, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius). From an Ent. caudatum culture that had been maintained by daily feeding and transfers every 3 or 4 days, the bacteria and methanogens loosely associated with Ent. caudatum cells were removed by filtration and washing. An AAFB consortium was established by repeated transfers and enrichment with casamino acids as the sole substrate. The cultures of Ent. caudatum alone (Ec) and AAFB alone (AAFB) and the co-culture of Ent. caudatum and AAFB (Ec + AAFB) were set up in three replicates and incubated at 39℃ for 72 h. The digestibility of dry matter (DM) and fiber (NDF), VFA profiles, ammonia concentrations, pH, and microscopic counts of Ent. caudatum were compared among the three cultures. The co-culture of AAFB and Ent. caudatum enhanced DM degradation, VFA production, and Ent. caudatum cell counts; conversely, it decreased acetate: propionate ratio although the total bacterial abundance was similar between Ec and the Ec + AAFB co-culture after 24 h incubation. The ammonia production and relative abundance of C. aminophilum and P. anaerobius did not differ between AAFB alone and the Ec + AAFB co-culture. Our results indicate that Ent. caudatum and AAFB could have a mutualistic interaction that benefited each other, but their interactions were complex and might not increase ammoniagenesis. Further research should examine how such interactions affect the population dynamics of AAFB.